CN1788543A - Bolting-tolerant export special type cabbage variety breeding method - Google Patents
Bolting-tolerant export special type cabbage variety breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1788543A CN1788543A CN 200410044120 CN200410044120A CN1788543A CN 1788543 A CN1788543 A CN 1788543A CN 200410044120 CN200410044120 CN 200410044120 CN 200410044120 A CN200410044120 A CN 200410044120A CN 1788543 A CN1788543 A CN 1788543A
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Abstract
The present invention provides the cultivation method of special bolting resistant cabbage variety. The cultivation method includes the breeding of the parent materials for the cabbage hybrid, the screening of the bolting resistant characteristic, the identification of the self incompatibility, the identification of disease resistance, the determination of combination ability, etc. The cabbage variety is the first filial generation hybrid variety bred with 3-1028 as female parent and 3-1030 as male parent. It is suitable for cultivation in both protective ground and open field in cold area and has high bolting resistance, high yield and high product quality.
Description
(1) field under
What the present invention relates to is a kind of breeding method of plant variety, specifically a kind of breeding method of head cabbage varieties.
(2) background technology
Wild cabbage is a kind of worldwide vegetables, in various places, China north and south commerial growing is arranged all, this vegetable crop grow characteristic determine its produce in the vegetables anniversary and stable market supply aspect special role.Vast three northern areas of China are that China adapts to one of area of cultivating wild cabbage most, agricultural planting structure adjustment in addition, first develop the economic crops of this class characteristic of wild cabbage, " Bei Cainan fortune ", boundless to all multifactor prospects that all determines to develop this vegetable crop such as " Russia outlet " in northern China.Promoted a collection of " six or five ", " the Seventh Five-Year Plan ", " eight or five " and the enforcement period of the ninth five-year plan head cabbage varieties on producing now, though demonstrated certain advantage at aspects such as high yield, many anti-, ripe property by the seed selection of tackling key problem group.But, can't contend with external kind at aspects such as quality, commodity, particularly lack our key product at present, competitiveness in the international market is poor.Need badly from the element task of breeding and pick up, introduce, cultivate large quantities of high-qualitys, characteristic variety source, widen wild cabbage breeding starting material; Strengthen Study on Breeding Methods and accelerate application in breeding, with high-quality, to resist more, be suitable for exporting, have the new head cabbage varieties of international competitiveness be that final result comes out.Raising along with people's living standard, characteristic to these class crop new varieties of wild cabbage requires also to improve day by day, to its development and exploitation input than great dynamics will be arranged, from variety breeding, promote several respects reinforcement work of stepping on, accelerate the speed of transformation of scientific findings productivity.New varieties are come out, and put into production to " revitalizing agriculture-countryside-farmer's economy " to be made a due contribution.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of features such as high-quality, high yield, disease-resistant, anti-bolting, head cracking resistant characteristic that have, particularly be suitable for breeding method in the special-purpose head cabbage varieties of outlet of northern area plantation.The object of the present invention is achieved like this: it comprises system's selection of parent material, the investigation of horticultural characteristics; Processes such as the grey comprehensive assessment evaluation of the combining ability test of hybrid combination, horticultural characteristics.With the self incompatible line " 3-1028 " that contains Japanese blood lineage is female parent, and contains the strong self incompatible line " 3-1030 " that is of European origin and cultivates first generation cross-fertilize seed for paternal hybrid; The Seed Collecting Methods of parent material comprises sowing, field planting, field management, pollination and seed collection.Seeding and seedling raising at the beginning of 2 months, field planting when calendar seedling age 55～60 days, 5～6 true leaves of physiology seedling age, the field planting seeding row spacing is 40cm * 50cm, irrigate field planting water, watered water one time in per 4～7 days behind the slow seedling, prophase management notes improving ground temperature, and final-period management notes reducing temperature, the ground temperature is lower than 8 ℃, and the canopy temperature is no more than 28 ℃.50～55 days begin to carry out the investigation of horticultural characteristics after the field planting, gather in the crops maternal plant after the investigation successively, and airing 3～5 days is put into 3～5 ℃ of low-temperature cold stores, precooling vernalization 60～80 days.Maternal plant field planting mid-August in flowerpot, mid-September bolting bloom, pollinate the back 60～80 days results seed.The self-incompatibillity assay method of parent material: when blooming, whenever select good strains in the field for seed and select 40 flowers, do flower bud selfing, the mixed friendship of flower bud, do the flower selfing at the florescence, spend and mix friendship, calculate index of affinity in the flower bud phase.Florescence index of affinity≤1, the plant of flower bud phase index of affinity 〉=5 are decided to be the not affine strain of selfing, and the not affine strain flower bud of 10 strain selfings phase mixed pollination keeps becoming self incompatible line in the homologous ray.The bolting characteristic and the multiresistance authentication method that also have parent material.The project that the combining ability test of hybrid combination, horticultural characteristics grey comprehensive assessment are identified: the length of the outer number of sheets, degree of development, newel and length and wide, single ball weight, the degree of packing etc. wide, leaf-head, the horticultural characteristics investigation method when field cultivation planting technology of hybrid combination (basically with parent cultivation and propagation technique) and market vegetables are gathered in the crops.
The head cabbage varieties that adopts method of the present invention to cultivate is suitable for the outlet cultivation; this kind plant strain growth gesture is prosperous, regularity height, leaf-head subcircular; anti-bolting; be fit to protection ground and outdoor cropping, the food value of leaf is tender and crisp, the leaf-head degree of packing reaches about 0.60,55～58 days vegetative period; the heavy 2.0kg of average single ball; newel is less than asking high by 1/2, average yield per mu 5000kg, 4000～5000 yuan/667m of the protection ground output value
2, 1500～2000 yuan/667m of the open country output value
2, 9～10 of the outer numbers of sheets of plant, degree of development 50～55cm, anti-blastomere, Vc content are the 39.0mg/100g fresh weight, and solid content is 5.0%, and dry matter content is 6.41%, and the disease index of anti-TuMV is 5.4, the disease index of black rot resistance is 23.23.Be suitable for cold ground of northern China and Far-east Area of Russia cultivation.
(4) specific embodiments
For example the present invention is done more detailed description below:
1. cultivar origin
This kind is the first generation of hybrid, is to be come for paternal hybrid for maternal and another mid-early maturity wild cabbage self incompatible line " 3-1030 " by mid-early maturity wild cabbage self incompatible line " 3-1028 ".
2. concrete selection and step
(1) maternal " 3-1028 " seed selection from Japan cultivars " White Tower " self progeny is come out; White Tower " 93 years introduce back cultivation breeding, 18 strains systems (W1, W2......W18) are isolated in selfing; the strain that has optimized disease-resistant and anti-bolting from the W3 system of leaf-head consolidation is W3-1; after pass through self-incompatibillity and combining ability test again, bred female parent " 3-1028 " in 2003.
(2) male parent " 3-1030 " seed selection from Dutch kind " iron head " self progeny is come out; " iron head " introduced back cultivation breeding in 95 years, 14 strain systems (B1, B2......B14) are isolated in selfing, wherein the B8 system is neat, purity is high, the special consolidation of leaf-head can locally be collected seed and disease-resistant worm again, after pass through self-incompatibillity and combining ability test again, bred male parent " 3-1030 " after stable in 2002.
(3) make up as parent's (comprising " 3-1028 " and " 3-1030 ") preparing hybrid with 8 good self incompatible lines of wild cabbage, carry out Analysis of Combining Ability and measure, therefrom select good " 3-1028 * 3-1030 " combination of specific combining ability height, horticultural characteristics performance excellence and commodity and reciprocal cross " 3-1030 * 3-1028 " combination.Carry out varietal yield test and production test respectively, carry out experiment in cultivation under booth and open country condition, the result shows: " 3-1028 * 3-1030 " combination plant strain growth gesture is prosperous, the leaf-head consolidation, and anti-bolting, anti-blastomere, prematurity is good, the output height.Be suitable for cold ground of northern China and Far-east Area of Russia cultivation.
3. breeding condition
Must possess good self incompatible line " 3-1028 " and " 3-1030 ".Have and inoculate the breeding technique of how anti-authenticate technology and self incompatible line artificial seedling stage.Parent propagation technology, anti-bolting authenticate technology and hybrid combination preparation technique and heterotic authenticate technology.
4. hybrid strain source and hybrid combination
The female parent of hybrid strain is select from Japan cultivars " White Tower " good, precocious, good, the anti-bolting of disease resistance and colory self incompatible line " 3-1028 "; The male parent of hybrid strain is the good self incompatible line " 3-1030 " of anti-bolting, head cracking resistant characteristic, leaf-head consolidation, output height and disease resistance that European Dutch kind " iron head " is selected; Hybrid combination is " 3-1028 * 3-1030 ", temporarily called after " east sweet 55 ".
5. each parent's feature during make up in " east sweet 55 "
Maternal (3-1028): the plant strain growth gesture is stronger, and the food value of leaf is tender and crisp, and degree of development is little, about 50cm, and the leaf-head subcircular, sharp youngster is arranged at the top, the siphonal lobe yellow green, newel is less than asking high by 1/2, the heavy 1.05kg of single ball, leaf-head is than consolidation.
Male parent (3-1030): the plant strain growth gesture is strong, and the food value of leaf is tender and crisp, the about 60cm of degree of development, and the leaf-head circle, the top is smooth, the siphonal lobe celadon, newel is less than asking high by 1/2, and the heavy 1.70kg. leaf-head of single ball is consolidation very.
6. crossbreed " east sweet 55 " combined feature characteristic
The food value of leaf is tender and crisp, the leaf-head degree of packing reaches about 0.60,55～58 days vegetative period, and the heavy 2.0kg of average single ball, newel is less than asking high by 1/2, average yield 5000kg/667m
2, 4000～5000 yuan/667m of the protection ground output value
2, 1500～2000 yuan/667m of the open country output value
2, 9～10 of the outer numbers of sheets of plant, degree of development 50～55cm, anti-blastomere, Vc content are the 39.0mg/100g fresh weight, and solid content is 5.0%, and dry matter content is 6.41%, and the disease index of anti-TuMV is 5.4, the disease index of black rot resistance is 23.23.
7. the culture technique main points in " east sweet 55 "
(1) seeding and seedling raising
Select full seed, grow the seed that improves F1.Get not comtaminatedly, 6 parts in the above land for growing field crops soil of top layer 15cm adds 4 parts of the horsehit that becomes thoroughly decomposed or the peats composed of rotten mosses, the preparation nutrition soil of transplanting seedlings, 1m
3Add ash 5kg and puddle the sowing of uniform nutrition soil.Earthing is admixed " seedling bacterium enemy ", emerges 4～5 days, covers medicine soil when cotyledon is about to flatten one time.
(2) seedling management
Temperature after planting remains on 28～30 ℃ to the preceding temperature of emerging, the emerging anti-excessive growth of cooling in 60%～70% o'clock, about 25 ℃ of daytimes, about 18 ℃ of nights.Transplant seedlings to the slow seedling 25～28 ℃ of daytimes, in case excessive growth is transplanted when seedling grows to a slice true leaf, carry out rice shoot the last week and take exercise about 15 ℃ of nights, on 20～23 ℃ of daytimes, at 18～12 ℃ of nights, reach the environmental temperature of transplanting the required adaptation in back at last fully.Transplant the slow seedling prerequisite high-temperature in back, on 20～25 ℃ of daytimes behind the slow seedling, be not less than 10 ℃ night.
Water the water of revealing the exact details during the moisture content sowing and after transplanting seedlings.Other times take the circumstances into consideration to water according to weather, ground temperature and soil moisture situation, not non-irrigatedly do not water; Before field planting, carried out cold acclimation in 5～7 days.
Fertilizer behind 2～3 true leaves every the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 7～10d foliage-spray one time 0.1%～0.2%.
Plant protection attention control in seedling stage downy mildew and aphid, density can not be excessive between seedling.
(3) field planting
Meticulous whole ground before the field planting is in conjunction with every 667m wholely
2Execute the fertilizer 5～7t that becomes thoroughly decomposed, bio-bacterial manure 60kg, diammonium phosphate 20kg, potassium sulphate 5kg.When open country 10cm soil temperature is stablized by 8 ℃.Select the warm head of cold tail to carry out the fine morning, guaranteeing can have 3～5 days fine weather after the field planting.Plantation density is generally at 2500～3000 strains/667m
2Open country adopts ridge planting, and protection ground adopts furrow to cultivate.Line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 50cm.During field planting, Tu Tuo is carefully put into planting pit, make the soil surface that sticks together be lower than ridge face 1cm, bury soil, water permeable in the cave.Water oozes back earthing down.With good conditionsily adopt little shed or plastic mulching, promote slow seedling and precocity to improve ground temperature.
(4) manage after the field planting
During the booth culture underglass, be not higher than daytime in early stage 30 ℃ stuffy, but notice preventing that short-term high temperature from baking seedling.Timely pour seedling recovering water behind the slow seedling, the later stage is higher than 25 ℃ just ventilates, antifreeze, anti-dried spring breeze when open country is cultivated spring ahead of time.Solar heat protection in seedling stage when open country is cultivated autumn, later stage are antifreeze.
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest principle and common method
Aspect the extermination of disease and insect pest, should instruct in the policy of " putting prevention first integrated control " down, integrated use chemical control and biological control, and be aided with correct Agro-ecology control.Many with some biologic products as: Bt insecticide, chrysanthemum ester class etc. are prevented and treated lepidopterous insect and aphid.
(6) timely collecting
In the protection ground, can gather in the crops 80% leaf-head in 55 days after the general field planting; Can gather in the crops 70% leaf-head in 55～60 days after the field planting of open country spring cultivation; Can gather in the crops 75% leaf-head in 55～60 days after the open country autumn culture field planting.
Description of drawings: figure is this seed selection of father and mother pedigree diagram of " east sweet 55 " kind
Claims (6)
1. the breeding method of an anti-bolting outlet tailored version head cabbage varieties ";
It comprises the selection (screening of the seed collecting of parent material, the evaluation of self-incompatibillity, anti-bolting characteristic) of parent material; The authentication method of hybrid combination (projects such as grey evaluation of disease resistance evaluation, combining ability test, comprehensive gardening proterties);
I. the selection of parent material: comprise parent material cultivation, collect seed breed, self-incompatibillity is measured and anti-bolting authenticate technology etc.;
(1) Seed Collecting Methods of parent material: 3-1028 and 3-1030, sowing at the beginning of 1 the end of month or 2 months, transplant at the beginning of 2 the end of month or 3 months, be colonizated in the plastic tunnel density of 40 * 50cm at the beginning of 3 the end of month or 4 months, rich water quality management is normal, intertillage in time, prophase management notes improving ground temperature, and final-period management notes reducing temperature, the ground temperature is not less than 8 ℃, and the canopy temperature is no more than 28 ℃.50～55 days begin to carry out the investigation of horticultural characteristics after the field planting, and the investigation back gathers in the crops maternal plant successively by standard, and airing 3～5 days is put into 3～5 ℃ of low-temperature cold stores, precooling vernalization 60～80 days.Maternal plant field planting mid-August in flowerpot, mid-September bolting bloom, pollinate the back 60～80 days results seed;
(2) self-incompatibillity of parent material is measured: select health and typical plant in two parent's material maternal plants, whenever select good strains in the field for seed when blooming and select 40 flowers, do flower bud selfing, the mixed friendship of flower bud in the flower bud phase, do the flower selfing at the florescence, spend and mix friendship, calculate index of affinity.Florescence index of affinity≤1, the plant of flower bud phase index of affinity 〉=5 are decided to be the not affine strain of selfing, and the not affine strain flower bud of 10 strain selfings phase mixed pollination keeps becoming self incompatible line in the homologous ray;
(3) evaluation of the anti-bolting characteristic of parent material: 3-1028 and 3-1030 two parent's materials are when 8 true leaves, and 5～8 ℃ of low temperature treatment were induced bolting in 45 days, calculate from handling to the fate of blooming and estimate the characteristic of the anti-bolting of parent material;
The authentication method of II.3-1028 * 3-1030 hybrid combination: the project indicator, disease resistance authentication method and the combining ability test etc. that comprise the grey comprehensive assessment evaluation of horticultural characteristics;
(1) project identified of horticultural characteristics grey comprehensive assessment: single ball is heavy, newel is high * wide, the outer number of sheets, degree of development, ball height * wide, the degree of packing etc.; The establishing method of desired reference kind;
(2) the disease resistance authentication method of parent and F1 reciprocal cross
Cotyledon period frictional inoculation TuMV, rough leaf frictional inoculation CMV, the method for 5～6 foliar spray mist inoculation black rots is identified the reciprocal cross of parent and F1.
2. the breeding method of anti-bolting outlet tailored version head cabbage varieties according to claim 1 is characterized in that: sowing at the beginning of 1 the end of month or 2 months, transplant at the beginning of 2 the end of month or 3 months, and be colonizated in the plastic tunnel at the beginning of 3 the end of month or 4 months.
3. the breeding method of anti-bolting outlet tailored version head cabbage varieties according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the density of 40 * 50cm, and rich water quality management is normal, intertillage in time, prophase management notes improving ground temperature, and final-period management notes reducing temperature, the ground temperature is lower than 8 ℃, and the canopy temperature is no more than 28 ℃.
4. export the breeding method of tailored version head cabbage varieties according to claim 1,2,3 described anti-boltings, it is characterized in that: 50～55 days begin to carry out the investigation of horticultural characteristics after the field planting, gather in the crops maternal plant after the investigation successively, airing 3～5 days, be put into 3～5 ℃ of low-temperature cold stores, precooling vernalization 60～80 days.
5. according to the breeding method of claim 1,2,3,4 anti-bolting outlet tailored version head cabbage varieties, it is characterized in that: 60～80 days results seeds after bolting was bloomed, pollinated mid-September.
6. according to the breeding method of claim 1,2,3,4,5 described anti-bolting outlet tailored version head cabbage varieties, it is characterized in that: 45 days best approaches of 5～8 ℃ of low temperature treatment during 8 true leaves for the bolting characteristic of evaluation wild cabbage parent material; Cotyledon period meets TuMV, and rough leaf meets CMV, and 5～6 leaves connect black rot and are the best evaluation parent and the method for F1 reciprocal cross multiresistance; Single ball is heavy, newel is high * and 6 indexs such as wide, the outer number of sheets, degree of development, ball height * wide, the degree of packing carry out the necessary condition of grey comprehensive assessment for setting " desired reference kind ".
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103181290A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2013-07-03 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Interplanting method for seed production of cabbages and seed reproduction of cucumbers in separated harvesting manner |
| CN104026004A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-10 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Efficient bolting-resistance spring cabbage breeding method |
| CN104798590A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-07-29 | 镇江鑫源达园艺科技有限公司 | Parent propagation method for preventing cabbage parent mixing |
| CN107432243A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-05 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | A kind of selection of cold-resistant, resistance to bolting cabbage |
| CN109156300A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-08 | 青岛市农业科学研究院 | A kind of breeding of resistance to bolting radish is reserved seed for planting method |
| CN109220773A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-18 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of breeding method of resistance to bolting head cabbage varieties |
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2004
- 2004-12-14 CN CN 200410044120 patent/CN1788543A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103181290A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2013-07-03 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Interplanting method for seed production of cabbages and seed reproduction of cucumbers in separated harvesting manner |
| CN104026004A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-09-10 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Efficient bolting-resistance spring cabbage breeding method |
| CN104026004B (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-05-11 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | A kind of resistance to bolting spring wild cabbage breeding method |
| CN104798590A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-07-29 | 镇江鑫源达园艺科技有限公司 | Parent propagation method for preventing cabbage parent mixing |
| CN107432243A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-05 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | A kind of selection of cold-resistant, resistance to bolting cabbage |
| CN107432243B (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-06-25 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | A kind of selection of cold-resistant, resistance to bolting cabbage |
| CN109220773A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-18 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of breeding method of resistance to bolting head cabbage varieties |
| CN109220773B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2021-11-02 | 东北农业大学 | Method for cultivating bolting-resistant cabbage variety |
| CN109156300A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-08 | 青岛市农业科学研究院 | A kind of breeding of resistance to bolting radish is reserved seed for planting method |
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