CN108651131A - High altitude localities blueberry cultivation method - Google Patents

High altitude localities blueberry cultivation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108651131A
CN108651131A CN201810475296.0A CN201810475296A CN108651131A CN 108651131 A CN108651131 A CN 108651131A CN 201810475296 A CN201810475296 A CN 201810475296A CN 108651131 A CN108651131 A CN 108651131A
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blueberry
high altitude
altitude localities
seedling
cultivation method
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CN201810475296.0A
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CN108651131B (en
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和加卫
杨正松
和志娇
杨燕林
李燕
毕海林
和文佳
杨洪涛
王朝文
王宇萍
黄杏娥
和建平
吴永斌
和秀云
郭淼
杨文宏
和谭
木永青
和根强
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INSTITUTE OF ALPINE ECONOMIC PLANT IN YUNNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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INSTITUTE OF ALPINE ECONOMIC PLANT IN YUNNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to blueberry cultivation methods, more particularly in high altitude localities blueberry cultivation method, including the strong blueberry kind of selection cold tolerance, seedling is carried out according to a conventional method to cultivate growth 23 years, and it therefrom chooses plant height and reaches 1m or more, Main stem diameter reaches 0.01m or more, has the 3 or 3 healthy and strong plant using upper branch to transplant seedling as blueberry;Again with spacing in the rows for 0.5 1m, the planting density that line-spacing is 1.0 2.0m is transplanted the plantation of the high altitude localities more than height above sea level 2600m.By rational close planting, higher yield is realized, and by listing of avoiding the peak hour, beating the time difference compensates for the market neutral gear phase, and fresh fruit price is high, brings plant the better economic benefit of blueberry than middle low altitude area instead.

Description

High altitude localities blueberry cultivation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to blueberry cultivation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of high altitude localities blueberry cultivation method.
Background technology
Blueberry (Blueberry) category Ericaceae (Ericaceae) genus vaccinium (Vaccinium), scientific name blueberry, also known as Cowberry, blue berry, for perennial fallen leaves or evergreen shrubs or undershrub seeds, fruit is mostly bluish violet, and soft and succulency is sour-sweet suitable Degree, flavor is pure and beautiful, has special fragrance, is rich in vitamin C, there is higher edible value.Containing abundant in Blueberry Nutritional ingredient, it not only have good nutrition health-care functions, also have prevent cranial nerve aging, cardiac stimulant, anticancer softening blood vessel, Enhancing human organism is immune, releases eye fatigue, improve eyesight, anti-aging, prevents the work(such as urinary tract infection, enhancing memory, anticancer Can, it is natural pigment source.
For blueberry platymiscium there are about more than 450 kinds, China has 91 kinds in the world.At present blueberry artificial cultivation kind extensively plantation in The U.S., Chile, Argentina, New Zealand and Australia and China's most area.Southwestern China area, especially Yunnan 2600m or more low latitudes high altitude localities is sufficient with sunshine, day and night temperature is big, the annual temperature difference is smaller, Water Resources are abundant The characteristics of, be very beneficial for the accumulation of Blueberry nutrition, but high altitude localities have simultaneously again frost season length, very cold, The low feature of effective accumulated temperature, leads to that blueberry is slow-growing, juvenile phase is long so that blueberry is planted and development difficulty is big, according to conventional Implantation methods are difficult to obtain economic benefit.
Further, since the above low latitudes high altitude localities in low latitudes high altitude localities, especially Yunnan 2600m and current people Work cultivate blueberry mainly plant in middle latitude low altitude area compare, either soil, weather have larger difference, thus Blueberry cultivation method suitable for middle latitude low altitude area, which can not directly cover, uses low latitudes high altitude localities.
Therefore, it to solve the problems, such as effectively artificial cultivation blueberry and to obtain good economic benefits in high altitude localities, carries A kind of out high altitude localities blueberry cultivation method.
Invention content
One aspect of the present invention provides high altitude localities blueberry cultivation method, the described method comprises the following steps:
(1) the strong blueberry kind of selection cold tolerance, cultivation life is carried out by the seedling of the blueberry kind according to a conventional method Long 2-3, alternately blueberry seedling;
(2) plant height being chosen from the alternative blueberry seedling and reaching 1m or more, Main stem diameter reaches 0.01m or more, there are 3 Or 3 healthy and strong plant using upper branch transplant seedling as blueberry;
(3) high altitude localities more than height above sea level 2600m, is 0.5-1m with spacing in the rows, and line-spacing is that the plantation of 1.0-2.0m is close The transplanting seedling of blueberry described in step (2) is carried out transplanting plantation by degree.
In some embodiments, it before the blueberry transplanting seedling is planted in the high altitude localities in step (3), also wraps It includes and soil improvement is carried out to high altitude localities plantation field.
In some embodiments, wherein further including fertilizing management in step (3), after transplanting, using liquid manure one Body applies fertilizer.
In some embodiments, wherein florescence uses N:P:K ratios are 19:15:15 Water soluble fertilizer, period use N:P:K ratios are 15:15:19 Water soluble fertilizer, other periods use N:P:K ratios are 15:15:15 Water soluble fertilizer.
In some embodiments, fertilising a concentration of 2/1000ths.
In some embodiments, one is monthly applied fertilizer to twice in blueberry each growth period.
In some embodiments, further include pruning, trimmed twice in May or June and September or October.
Specific implementation mode
It should be understood that the different application of method disclosed herein can change according to the specific requirements of this field.It should also manage Solution, term used herein are limited just for the sake of description specific embodiments of the present invention without being intended to.
The present invention provides high altitude localities blueberry cultivation method, the method includes first cultivating blueberry seedling, then will be blue Certain kind of berries transplanting is planted in high altitude localities, until harvest.
High altitude localities refers to the area of height above sea level 2600m or more, such as height above sea level 2600m or more, height above sea level in the present invention The area of 2800m or more, height above sea level 3000m or more or more High aititude, but it is usually no more than height above sea level 3500m.
In the present invention, the high altitude localities includes the Altitude Regions in low latitudes, middle latitude and/or high latitude, Wherein it is preferably low latitudes and middle latitude high altitude localities, particularly preferably low latitudes high altitude localities.
Blueberry kind for cultivating seedling in the present invention can be any kind with commercial market plantation value, Such as, but not limited to, Lan Feng, duke, evening indigo plant, reach soft, auspicious card, Bridges tower, blue gold, Elliot, northern land, blue sky, Lei Ge West, Berkeley and Qian Dele etc..The blueberry kind that can be used is preferably the strong blueberry kind of cold tolerance, such as blue rich.
The blueberry kind seedling for proceeding by cultivation can be any one of tissue-cultured seedling, cuttage seeding or moss seedling form, The present invention is not limited in this respect.
The seedling of blueberry kind can conventionally carry out cultivation growth, the blueberry seedling grown under such conditions Growing state and blueberry tradition producing region it is very nearly the same, it is generally the case that by 2 years cultivations growth can reach plant height 1m with On, Main stem diameter 0.01m or more, and have 2 or more, 3 or more, even more branches.
The cultivation time before transplanting can be 2-3, such as 2 years or 3 years, preferably 2 years.
High altitude localities blueberry is planted on the basis of conventional method, according to the climatic environment item of high altitude localities Part has and is especially improved place, is described in detail as follows.
Blueberry plant likes acid soil, therefore before transplanting is planted, soil can be carried out to the plantation field of high altitude localities Earth is improved, so that blueberry is grown.Such as high altitude localities can be readily available pine needle, fertile soil, bark, pine The mors such as ball are applied in the plantation field for needing to carry out soil improvement, increase the soil organism, while reducing soil The Acidity Range that pH value is grown to optimum blueberry.In some embodiments it is possible to reduce soil pH using Cosan Value.The usage amount of Cosan reduces by 0.1 pH value according to soil per acre and about 7.2kg Cosans is needed to calculate.
Transplanting seedling needs to choose healthy and strong seedling to be subjected to the more cold temperature condition in high altitude localities, selection standard The seedling for reaching 1m or more, Main stem diameter 0.01m or more for plant height, and having the 2-4 of 3 or more branches raw.Transplanting when Between be annual late March to mid-April, preferably early April.
Implantation methods can be Ridged plant, can also be to dig cave plantation, be determined with specific reference to the case where plantation field.Tool For body, when plant field plot be level land or gentle slope when carry out Ridged plant, the high about 0.2-0.4m in ridge, row spacing about 0.8- 1.2m, furrow width 0.4-0.6m.Refer to gentle slope that the gradient is no more than 20 ° in the present invention.
It carries out digging cave plantation when planting field plot and being compared with steep hillslope, the size of planting pit is to be about 0.2-0.4m, wide About 0.2-0.4m, deep about 0.2-0.4m.Refer in the present invention the gradient at 20 ° or more compared with steep hillslope.
In high altitude localities, since blueberry growth increment is small, plant hat width is small, therefore relative to low altitude area blueberry tradition For planting area, can be planted with higher planting density, for example, spacing in the rows be 0.5-1m, for example, 0.5m, 0.6m, 0.7m, 0.8m, 0.9m or 1.0m, preferably 0.5-0.8m, more preferably 0.5-0.6m;Line-spacing is 1.0-2.0m, for example, 1.0m, 1.1m, 1.2m, 1.3m, 1.4m, 1.5m, 1.6m, 1.7m, 1.8m, 1.9m or 2.0m, preferably 1.2-1.8m, more preferably For 1.4-1.6m.
The characteristics of being grown according to blueberry, it should also be noted that fertilizing management, is integrally applied fertilizer using liquid manure, opened in the present invention Florescence uses N:P:K ratios are 19:15:15 Water soluble fertilizer, period use N:P:K ratios are 15:15:19 Water soluble fertilizer, Its period uses N:P:K ratios are 15:15:15 Water soluble fertilizer is monthly applied using a concentration of 2/1000ths in blueberry each growth period One to twice.
In high altitude localities since temperature reduces, for blueberry plant healthy growth, can also use such as, but not limited to Film, gardening ground the biomass mulching plant field such as cloth and the high altitude localities fertile soil, bark, pine needle or the pinecone that are easy to get The soil on ground, to play the role of soil heat preservation, moisturizing and controlling weeds.
Although pest and disease damage low altitude area compared in is few in high altitude localities, moth class, cockchafer subclass and fruit are also still remained Flies etc. endanger the pest and disease damage of blueberry flower, fruit, blade and root system, are adversely affected to the growth of blueberry, cause the underproduction very To total crop failure, still needs carry out the necessary prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control thus.The pest control method that may be used may be used existing Known control method in technology, including but not limited to haftplatte, attractant, reflective membrane, solar insect-killing light and insect trapping agent Deng progress comprehensive prevention.
In blueberry growth period, pruning should be also carried out, to trim fruitful branch, overstocked branch, be overlapped branch, branch of growing thickly, weak Sprig and invalid branch are preferably yielded positive results in favor of blueberry plant healthy growth.The time for carrying out pruning is not special Ground limits, and can be trimmed in time according to actual needs.The characteristics of being grown according to high altitude localities blueberry, in the cultivation of the present invention In culture method, it can be trimmed twice every year, trimming for the first time can carry out in May or June, and trimming is attached most importance to flower thinning, Overstocked Flowering Branches are trimmed, or are attached most importance to fruit thinning, trimming is overstocked, is overlapped, thin and delicate fruitful branch.Second of trimming can be 9 The moon or October carry out, and trimming is attached most importance to being trimmed after fruit, and trimming fruitful branch, overstocked branch are overlapped branch, branch of growing thickly, small and weak branch and disease Residual branch.
Cultural method according to the invention realizes and plants the economic benefit of blueberry in high altitude localities, and has with following Beneficial effect:
1. high altitude localities fruit growth period is long, from blooming to about 4-5 months growth periods of result, than middle low altitude area Regional general planting time long 2-3 months time, day and night temperature is big, and nutritious substances accumulation amount is high, and fruit quality is excellent.
2. the cultural method of the present invention not only efficiently solves the adverse effect that high altitude localities weather plants blueberry, and And it is profit to change disadvantage, realizes wrong season production.It in a month more late 1-3 than domestic other producing regions of the blueberry maturity period of high altitude localities, makes up The market neutral gear phase, fresh fruit price is high, and preferable economic value is brought for farmer.
3. high altitude localities blueberry increment is small, plant hat width is small, and by rational close planting, the second annual output of plantation can surpass The level for crossing middle low altitude area, has been effectively ensured planting benefit.
4. the present invention carries out soil using renewable resources such as the abundant pine needle in high altitude localities, fertile soil, bark, the pinecones Improvement, adaptation to local conditions are gathered materials on the spot, and the technical bottleneck of turfy soil must be used by overcoming tradition plantation blueberry, reduce cost, Realize sustainable development.
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but is not limited in any way to the present invention, Based on present invention teach that made by it is any transform or replace, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 is in the blue rich kind blueberry of middle low altitude area plantation
It is specific as follows:
1. seedling fostering, in Dali, height above sea level about 1900m conventionally cultivates blue rich tissue-cultured seedling, trains Educate the time 2 years;
2. choose healthy and strong seedling, choose that root system is good, plant height 1m or more, stem from the rich seedling of indigo plant cultivated 2 years or more Diameter reaches 0.01m or more, has 3 blue Feng Jianzhuan seedlings using upper branch as transplanting seedling;
3. the preparation before transplanting, in the areas great Li Ba, height above sea level about 1900m uses Cosan, careless carbon in selected plantation field Soil and sawdust carry out soil improvement, specially:In the ratio for reducing by 0.1 pH value 7.2kg Cosan per acre, by soil pH value The standard for being transferred to 5.0 uses sufficient Cosan, and is uniformly sprinkling upon soil surface, and careless carbon and sawdust tiling 0.05-0.1m is thick, uses rotary tillage Cosan, soddy soil, sawdust and soil are mixed in tractor-ploughing 3-5 times thoroughly, by the specification ridging of the high 0.3m in ridge, width 1.2m, furrow width 0.8m, Line-spacing is 2.0m at this time;
4. transplanting plantation, in 1 the end of month to early Febuary, by the blue Feng Jianzhuan seedlings selected by strain 0.7m transplant plantings in ridge Middle position, planting density are about 440 plants/acre;
5. soil covers, after transplant planting, with gardening cloth or the unregistered land faces Mo Duilong are covered.
6. fertilizing management, every the soil moisture that 3-5 days survey at blueberry root about 0.2m, ensures blue after transplant planting Demand of the certain kind of berries plant strain growth to moisture is dissipated with high-concentration sulfuric acid potassium or sulfate of ammoniac composite fertilizer ring-type and is applied, each 20g of single plant, transplanting When, applies primary, and in March, April and May, monthly top dressing is primary, and dose is each 20g of single plant.
7. pruning is trimmed three times every year, for the first time 2 months or March, based on flower thinning, second in July or August trims after carrying out fruit, mainly trims fruitful branch, and for the third time in November or December, emphasis trims overstocked branch, overlapping branch, grows thickly Branch, small and weak branch and invalid branch.
8. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, using haftplatte, attractant, solar insect-killing light and insect trapping agent etc. carry out comprehensive prevention and Prevention.
9. planting according to the method described above, blueberry can enter first fruiting period after being colonized 2 years, and fructescence is in the 6-7 months.
It is computed, carries out blueberry plantation according to above step, the planting cost of First Year blueberry is about 30000 after transplanting Member/mu, yield are about 440kg/ mus, and procurement price is about 40 yuan/kg, and the output value is about 17400/ mu of member.
Embodiment 2 is in the blue rich kind blueberry of high altitude localities plantation
High altitude localities is the cultivating and growing that Lijing has carried out blue rich kind blueberry, specific as follows:
1. seedling fostering, in Lijiang, yunnan, height above sea level about 3000m conventionally cultivates blue rich tissue-cultured seedling, trains Educate the time at least 5 years;
2. choose healthy and strong seedling, choose that root system is good, plant height 1m or more, stem from the rich seedling of indigo plant cultivated 4 years or more Diameter reaches 0.01m or more, has 3 blue Feng Jianzhuan seedlings using upper branch as transplanting seedling;
3. the preparation before transplanting, in Lijiang, yunnan, height above sea level about 3000m uses Cosan, careless carbon in selected plantation field Soil and sawdust carry out soil improvement, specially:In the ratio for reducing by 0.1 pH value 7.2kg Cosan per acre, by soil pH value The standard for being transferred to 5.0 uses sufficient Cosan, and is uniformly sprinkling upon soil surface, and careless carbon and sawdust tiling 0.05-0.1m is thick, uses rotary tillage Cosan, soddy soil, sawdust and soil are mixed in tractor-ploughing 3-5 times thoroughly, by the specification ridging of the high 0.3m in ridge, width 1.2m, furrow width 0.8m, Line-spacing is 2.0m at this time;
4. transplanting plantation, in early April, by the blue Feng Jianzhuan seedlings selected by spacing in the rows 0.5m transplant plantings in ridge middle Position, planting density are about 840 plants/acre;
5. soil covers, after transplant planting, covered with gardening cloth or the unregistered land faces Mo Duilong.
6. fertilizing management, every the soil moisture that 3-5 days survey at blueberry root about 0.2m, ensures blue after transplant planting Demand of the certain kind of berries plant strain growth to moisture is dissipated with high-concentration sulfuric acid potassium or sulfate of ammoniac composite fertilizer ring-type and is applied, each 15g of single plant, transplanting When, applies primary, and in May, June and July, monthly top dressing is primary, and dose is each 20g of single plant.
7. pruning is trimmed twice every year, for the first time in May or June, based on flower thinning or fruit thinning, and second It in October, is trimmed after carrying out fruit, emphasis trimming fruitful branch, overstocked branch are overlapped branch, branch of growing thickly, small and weak branch and invalid branch.
8. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, using haftplatte, attractant, solar insect-killing light and insect trapping agent etc. carry out comprehensive prevention and Prevention.
9. planting according to the method described above, blueberry enters first fruiting period after being colonized 1 year, and fructescence is in the 8-10 months.
It is computed, carries out blueberry plantation according to above step, the cultivation time in blueberry seedling stage is long, management cost and cost of land Increasing, the planting cost in portion increases, and about 35000 yuan/mu, yield is about 420kg/ mus or so, and procurement price is about 100 yuan/kg, The output value is about 42000/ mu of member.
It is planted according to above-mentioned two instance method, Different Ways of Planting Integrated comparative, the results are shown in table below
Plantation Integrated comparative of the blue rich kind of table 1. in Different Altitude Regions
Blueberry cultivation embodiment Middle low altitude area High altitude localities
Nursery stage 2 years 5 years
Plant strain number/mu 440 plants 840 plants
Cost/mu 24000 yuan 35000 yuan
Enter time high yield period after transplanting 1 year 1 year
Maturity period The 6-7 months The 8-10 months
First annual output/mu after transplanting 440kg 420kg
Fresh fruit market procurement price 40 yuan/kg 100 yuan/kg
First annual value of production/mu after transplanting 26400 yuan 42000 yuan
As it can be seen from table 1 realizing higher yield, and lead to by rational close planting in high altitude localities plantation blueberry Listing of avoiding the peak hour is crossed, beating the time difference compensates for the market neutral gear phase, and fresh fruit price is high, brings plant blueberry than middle low altitude area instead Better economic benefit.
The present invention is not limited to specific embodiments described in this application, are intended as the single of various aspects of the invention Explanation.Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, many modifications and variations can be carried out to the present invention, this is to this Field technology personnel are obvious.In addition to enumerated herein other than those, within the scope of the present invention functionally equivalent Method and apparatus will become apparent from foregoing description to those skilled in the art.These modifications and variations are intended to It is within the purview of the appended claims.The present invention is only by the term of appended claims and the equivalent of these claims Full scope limit.It should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the ad hoc approach, reagent, compound combination it is of course possible to variation Object or biosystem.It is also understood that terms used herein are used only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, rather than it is restricted 's.

Claims (7)

1. high altitude localities blueberry cultivation method, the described method comprises the following steps:
(1) the strong blueberry kind of selection cold tolerance carries out the seedling of the blueberry kind to cultivate growth 2-3 according to a conventional method Year, alternately blueberry seedling;
(2) plant height being chosen from the alternative blueberry seedling and reaching 1m or more, Main stem diameter reaches 0.01m or more, there is 3 or 3 A healthy and strong plant using upper branch transplants seedling as blueberry;
(3) high altitude localities more than height above sea level 2600m, is 0.5-1m with spacing in the rows, and the planting density that line-spacing is 1.0-2.0m will The transplanting seedling of blueberry described in step (2) carries out transplanting plantation.
2. blueberry cultivation method in high altitude localities as described in claim 1, wherein the high altitude localities plantation in step (3) Further include that soil improvement is carried out to high altitude localities plantation field before the blueberry transplanting seedling.
3. blueberry cultivation method in high altitude localities as described in claim 1, wherein further include fertilizing management in step (3), After transplanting, integrally applied fertilizer using liquid manure.
4. blueberry cultivation method in high altitude localities as claimed in claim 3, wherein florescence use N:P:K ratios are 19:15: 15 Water soluble fertilizer, period use N:P:K ratios are 15:15:19 Water soluble fertilizer, other periods use N:P:K ratios are 15: 15:15 Water soluble fertilizer.
5. blueberry cultivation method in high altitude localities as claimed in claim 4, fertilising a concentration of 2/1000ths.
6. blueberry cultivation method in high altitude localities as claimed in claim 4 monthly applies fertilizer one to twice in blueberry each growth period.
7. blueberry cultivation method in high altitude localities as described in claim 1, further includes pruning, May or June and 9 The moon is trimmed October twice.
CN201810475296.0A 2018-01-11 2018-05-17 Blueberry cultivation method in high altitude area Active CN108651131B (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111133947A (en) * 2020-02-07 2020-05-12 海南煊烨生物科技有限公司 Cultivation method for promoting growth of machilus
CN113906950A (en) * 2021-10-18 2022-01-11 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 Large cherry garden building method suitable for southwest cold highland

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1742549A (en) * 2005-09-29 2006-03-08 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 A kind of blueberry mating system
CN104855208A (en) * 2015-04-29 2015-08-26 祥云县云上蓝蓝莓生物科技有限责任公司 Method for cultivating organic blueberries in low-latitude and high-altitude areas
CN106171725A (en) * 2016-07-07 2016-12-07 盐津福瑞欣远农业开发有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of Region of Yunnan Plateau blue berry

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1742549A (en) * 2005-09-29 2006-03-08 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 A kind of blueberry mating system
CN104855208A (en) * 2015-04-29 2015-08-26 祥云县云上蓝蓝莓生物科技有限责任公司 Method for cultivating organic blueberries in low-latitude and high-altitude areas
CN106171725A (en) * 2016-07-07 2016-12-07 盐津福瑞欣远农业开发有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of Region of Yunnan Plateau blue berry

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111133947A (en) * 2020-02-07 2020-05-12 海南煊烨生物科技有限公司 Cultivation method for promoting growth of machilus
CN113906950A (en) * 2021-10-18 2022-01-11 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 Large cherry garden building method suitable for southwest cold highland

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