CN113261486A - Selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for sweet potatoes - Google Patents
Selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for sweet potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN113261486A CN113261486A CN202110563629.7A CN202110563629A CN113261486A CN 113261486 A CN113261486 A CN 113261486A CN 202110563629 A CN202110563629 A CN 202110563629A CN 113261486 A CN113261486 A CN 113261486A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of vegetable planting, and provides a selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for sweet potatoes, which comprises the steps of variety selection, strong seedling cultivation, reasonable fertilization, field management, reasonable selenium application and disease and insect control, wherein selenium application uses selenium fertilizers and selenium soil conditioners registered by the state, the selenium application is reasonable for supplementing selenium to leaf surfaces and rhizosphere, when the selenium is supplemented to the leaf surfaces, selenium solution is sprayed to leaves and stems, the selenium is applied after 4 pm on cloudy days or sunny days with no water drop, fine mist of 35 cm away from the leaves is uniformly sprayed, the selenium application is stopped 20 days before harvesting, the rhizosphere selenium supplement is realized by applying the selenium soil conditioner to fields before soil turning over, and then turning over is carried out, so that the soil and the selenium soil conditioner are fully and uniformly mixed, the selenium-rich sweet potatoes are optimally treated in each stage during the sweet potato planting period, the selenium-rich sweet potatoes are high in selenium content, excellent in quality, high in yield and obvious in benefit, is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable planting, and particularly relates to a selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for sweet potatoes.
Background
The selenium-enriched sweet potato is a sweet potato root tuber which is obtained by naturally enriching selenium or mainly enriching selenium by a selenium biological nutrition enrichment technology and supplementing selenium in the growth and development process of the sweet potato, wherein the selenium content is 0.15-0.60 mg/kg in dry weight, and the seleno-amino acid content (the sum of the contents of selenomethionine, selenocysteine and selenomethylselenocysteine) accounts for more than 65% of the total selenium content.
Selenium is an important trace element necessary for human bodies, the disease prevention and treatment effect is obvious, the selenium-rich sweet potatoes are rich in nutrition, the sale price is higher than that of common sweet potatoes by more than 20%, the medical care effect is obvious, the selenium-rich sweet potatoes are favored by consumers and are not in demand in the market.
Therefore, the selenium-rich sweet potatoes with good production quality and high selenium content are important measures for increasing the income of farmers and benefiting residents.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for sweet potatoes, and aims to solve the technical problems.
The invention is realized in such a way that a selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for sweet potatoes comprises the following steps:
the embodiment of the invention provides a selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for sweet potatoes, which comprises the following steps:
selecting high-yield, high-quality and disease-resistant varieties, and selecting sweet potato No. 1, Kexiu No. 12, Zhenghong No. 11, Xushu No. 34, Xiangshu No. 16 or Nanshu No. 88.
The method of underground heating, plastic greenhouse, heated kang or solar hotbed is adopted for seedling culture, sufficient seeds are reserved, potatoes are thinned and strengthened.
The method comprises the steps of selecting a plot with thick soil activating layer, good air permeability, moderate fertility and good water seepage and storage properties for planting, deep ploughing and harrowing in winter, early ridging after ploughing and harrowing in early spring, ploughing 27-30 cm, ridge width 0.8-1.2 m, ridge height 30-33 cm, furrow width 18-21 cm and depth 12-15 cm.
2500-3500 kg of plots are produced per mu, the application ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:1:2, 3500-5000 kg of plots are produced per mu, and the application ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.4-1.3: 2.2-2.9.
4000-5000 plants are planted in dry land of hills per mu, 3500-4000 plants are planted in plain dry land and 3000-3500 plants are planted in rich water land.
During intertillage, the field is hoed deeply and shallowly, ridge surfaces are hoed shallowly, surrounding root seedlings and neck seedlings are prevented from being left, hoeing is performed for the second time in the round planting period, hoeing is performed for the third time before ridges, grassland waste is avoided, and after the field is planted and hardened is broken and removed in 1 intertillage, the field surface is sprayed with 70% Doule emulsifiable concentrate or 50% acetochlor l00 ml of water 50 kg per mu.
300-400 parts of sweet potato residue, 100-150 parts of tea seed cake, 80-100 parts of cotton hull, 100-120 parts of chicken manure, 100-130 parts of pond sludge, 30-50 parts of palygorskite, 50-80 parts of sodium corrosion, 60-80 parts of acorus calamus, 5-9 parts of biological fermentation microbial inoculum and 25-30 parts of nano calcium carbonate powder are applied to each mu of land before planting, and 15-25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate is applied to each mu of land after planting for 30-50 days.
And covering the ground with straw when the last intertillage before branching and bearing the potatoes is finished, wherein the quantity of the straw is 250-350 kg per mu.
Before ridge sealing, the main vines grow to 25-35 cm, apical buds are removed when leaves are not unfolded, branches are promoted to grow, and when the branches grow to 45-50 cm, the group apices are dug again, so that vigorous growth can be prevented, and yield can be increased.
Although sweet potatoes are drought-enduring, the water demand is large, the soil moisture is kept to be 7-8 parts in the early stage, the growth of the sweet potatoes is facilitated, and the watering amount is based on ridge planting semi-ditch water.
The sweet potato field is not waterlogged, and the furrow, the waist furrow and the ground drainage ditch are communicated with each other under the condition that no water is accumulated in the field in rainy seasons.
In the ridge sealing period, topdressing is carried out 30-50 days after the sweet potatoes are planted, 15-20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 6-8 kg of urea, 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate or 10-15 kg of special fertilizer for the sweet potatoes and 0.25 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 40 kg of water are applied to each mu.
If overground parts grow vigorously in the middle stage of sweet potato growth, the method comprises the steps that the yield of stems and leaves exceeds 3500 kg/mu, the leaf area coefficient exceeds 5 for a long time, the top end of sweet potato seedlings is deeper than 40 cm, yellow fallen leaves are rotten and increased, leaves are large, the leaves are dark green, the leaf stalks are longer than 20 cm, the tops of sweet potato vines are protruded greatly, leaf layers are too much, and the sweet potato vines are closed and are not breathable, the nitrogen fertilizer consumption is controlled, timely topping is carried out, grass covering is carried out on the ground, paclobutrazol is sprayed for 1-2 times after ridge sealing, 75 g of 15% paclobutrazol mixed with water l00 kg is applied to each mu, vines are lifted properly, and the relative water content of soil is kept at 60% -70% so as to control vigorous growth.
Adding water 75 kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 g into urea 750 g/mu, or adding water 500 kg into urea 2.5 kg or ammonium bicarbonate l0 kg/mu, perforating between plants, pouring appropriate amount of fertilizer water, sealing the orifice, and preventing premature aging of sweet potato.
Preparing a selenium fertilizer into a selenium solution with the selenium concentration of 70-120 mg/kg, supplementing selenium for 2-3 times in a potato bearing period (25 days after transplanting), an untightening period and a root tuber expansion period, uniformly spraying 450-750 kg of the selenium solution every hectare, spraying the selenium solution on leaves and stems, uniformly spraying fine mist 35 cm away from the leaves after 4 hours in cloudy days or sunny days in afternoon by taking no water dripping as a degree, flushing with rainwater within 6 hours after selenium application, supplementing and spraying for 1 time without mixing with alkaline pesticides and fertilizers, and stopping selenium application 20 days before harvesting;
before the soil is ploughed, a selenium soil conditioner is applied in the field, and then ploughed to ensure that the soil and the selenium fertilizer are fully and uniformly mixed.
When planting in a region with stem nematode disease, adding 1500 kg of methyl isosalix or phoxim 0.5 kg of water per mu, pouring 0.5 kg of liquid medicine into each pit, sealing the pits, and achieving a control effect of over 90 percent, or performing hole application by using aldicarb or phoxim granules 1-1.5 kg per mu, soaking seeds in thiophanate or carbendazim liquid medicine in a black spot region, reserving the seeds in the seedling soaking and tuber potato disease-free region for propagation, spreading 2 kg of 50 percent phoxim granules in each mu in a ridge during land preparation and ridging, finding larvae of asparagus caterpillars, prodenia lituras, sweet potato wheat moths and the like in the middle and later stages, and spraying 1000 times of liquid of 90 percent crystal trichlorfon or 50 percent phosphamidon emulsifiable concentrate before three ages.
When the local temperature is lower than 18 ℃, the potato blocks stop expanding, are easy to be damaged by cold when the temperature is lower than 9 ℃, start to be harvested when the average temperature is reduced to 15 ℃, and are stored in a dark place after being harvested.
Advantageous effects
The selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for the sweet potatoes provided by the invention optimizes each stage during the planting period of the sweet potatoes, and the planted selenium-rich sweet potatoes have high selenium content, good quality, high yield and obvious benefit, and are suitable for popularization and application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for sweet potatoes, which comprises the following steps:
variety selection
Selecting high-yield, high-quality and disease-resistant varieties, and selecting sweet potato No. 1, Kexiu No. 12, Zhenghong No. 11, Xushu No. 34, Xiangshu No. 16 or Nanshu No. 88.
Cultivating strong seedlings
The method of underground heating, plastic greenhouse, heated kang or solar hotbed is adopted for seedling culture, sufficient seeds are reserved, potatoes are thinned and strengthened.
Soil preparation and ridging
The method is characterized by selecting a land block with thick soil activating layer, good air permeability, moderate fertility and good water seepage and storage properties for planting, deep ploughing and harrowing in winter, early ridging after ploughing and harrowing in early spring, ploughing by 30 cm, ridge width by 1 m, ridge height by 30 cm, furrow width by 20 cm and depth by 15 cm.
Rational fertilization
2500-3500 kg of plots are produced per mu, the application ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:1:2, 3500-5000 kg of plots are produced per mu, and the application ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:1.3: 2.9.
Reasonable close planting
4000-5000 plants are planted in dry land of hills per mu, 3500-4000 plants are planted in plain dry land and 3000-3500 plants are planted in rich water land.
Management of field
During intertillage, the field is hoed deeply and shallowly, ridge surfaces are hoed shallowly, surrounding root seedlings and neck seedlings are prevented from being left, hoeing is performed for the second time in the round planting period, hoeing is performed for the third time before ridges, grassland waste is avoided, and after the field is planted and hardened is broken and removed in 1 intertillage, the field surface is sprayed with 70% Doule emulsifiable concentrate or 50% acetochlor l00 ml of water 50 kg per mu.
The method comprises the following steps of applying 350 parts of sweet potato residue, 120 parts of tea seed cake, 90 parts of cotton hull, 100 parts of chicken manure, 130 parts of pond sludge, 30 parts of palygorskite, 60 parts of sodium corrosivate, 75 parts of acorus calamus, 6 parts of biological fermentation microbial inoculum and 26 parts of nano calcium carbonate powder to each mu of organic fertilizer before planting, and applying 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate to each mu of fertilizer after planting for 40 days.
And covering the ground with straw when the last intertillage before branching and bearing the potatoes is finished, wherein the quantity of the straw is 300 kg per mu.
Before ridge sealing, the main vine grows to 30 cm, apical buds are removed when leaves are not developed, branches are promoted to grow, and when the branches grow to 45 cm, the group of apices are dug again, so that vigorous growth can be prevented, and yield can be increased.
Although sweet potatoes are drought-enduring, the water demand is large, the soil moisture is kept to be 7-8 parts in the early stage, the growth of the sweet potatoes is facilitated, and the watering amount is based on ridge planting semi-ditch water.
The sweet potato field is not waterlogged, and the furrow, the waist furrow and the ground drainage ditch are communicated with each other under the condition that no water is accumulated in the field in rainy seasons.
In the ridge sealing period, topdressing is carried out 50 days after the sweet potatoes are planted, and 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 8 kg of urea, 10 kg of potassium sulfate or 15 kg of special fertilizer for the sweet potatoes and 0.25 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 40 kg of water are applied to each mu.
If overground parts grow vigorously in the middle stage of sweet potato growth, the method comprises the steps that the yield of stems and leaves exceeds 3500 kg/mu, the leaf area coefficient exceeds 5 for a long time, the top end of sweet potato seedlings is deeper than 40 cm, yellow fallen leaves are rotten and increased, leaves are large, the leaves are dark green, leaf stalks are longer than 20 cm, the tops of sweet potato vines are protruded greatly, leaf layers are too much and are blocked to be airtight, the using amount of nitrogen fertilizer is controlled, timely topping is carried out, grass is covered on the ground, paclobutrazol is sprayed for 2 times after ridges are sealed, 75 g of paclobutrazol 15% and water l00 kg are applied to each mu, vines are lifted properly, and the relative water content of soil is kept between 60 and 70 percent so as to control the overground growth.
Adding water 75 kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 g into urea 750 g/mu, or adding water 500 kg into urea 2.5 kg or ammonium bicarbonate l0 kg/mu, perforating between plants, pouring appropriate amount of fertilizer water, sealing the orifice, and preventing premature aging of sweet potato.
Rational selenium application
The selenium fertilizer and selenium soil conditioner registered by the state are used, the selenium is reasonably applied to supplement selenium on leaf surfaces and supplement selenium on roots, the selenium on leaf surfaces is supplemented by preparing a selenium solution with the selenium concentration of 100 mg/kg from the selenium fertilizer, the selenium is supplemented for 3 times in the potato bearing period (25 days after transplanting), the gap failure period and the root tuber expansion period, 500 kg of the selenium solution is uniformly sprayed on each hectare, the selenium solution is sprayed on leaves and stems, the selenium is applied after 4 hours in cloudy days or sunny days, the concentration of the selenium solution is accurate, fine mist of 35 cm away from the leaves is uniformly sprayed, the selenium is flushed by rain within 6 hours after the selenium application, the selenium is supplemented for 1 time, the selenium is not mixed with alkaline pesticides and fertilizers, and the selenium application is stopped 20 days before harvesting. The rhizosphere selenium supplement is to apply a selenium soil conditioner according to product specifications in the field before soil is ploughed, and then ploughing to make the soil and the selenium fertilizer fully and uniformly mixed.
Disease and pest control
When planting in a region with stem nematode disease, 0.5 kg of methyl isosalix or phoxim is added with 1500 kg of water per mu, 0.5 kg of liquid medicine is poured into each pit, then the pits are sealed, the control effect is more than 90%, aldicarb or phoxim particles can be applied in holes at the time of planting at the time of 1.5 kg per mu, topsin or carbendazim liquid medicine is adopted in a black spot region for seed soaking, seedlings are soaked, seeds are reserved in a disease-free region of summer potatoes for propagation, 2 kg of 50% phoxim particles are scattered into ridges per mu during land preparation and ridging, larvae of sweet potato hawkmoths, prodenia litura, sweet potato wheat moths and the like are found in the middle and later stages, and 90% crystal trichlorfon or 1000 times of liquid of 50% phosphamidon emulsifiable concentrate can be sprayed before three ages for control.
Harvesting at the right time
When the local temperature is lower than 18 ℃, the potato blocks stop expanding, are easy to be damaged by cold when the temperature is lower than 9 ℃, start to be harvested when the average temperature is reduced to 15 ℃, and are stored in a dark place after being harvested.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for sweet potatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting seeds of high-yield, high-quality and disease-resistant sweet potato varieties;
raising seedlings of seeds by adopting an underground heating mode, a plastic greenhouse mode, a heated kang mode or a solar energy hotbed mode;
selecting a land block with thick soil activating layer, good air permeability, moderate fertility and good water seepage and storage properties for planting, deep ploughing and harrowing in winter, early ridging after ploughing and harrowing in early spring, ploughing by 27-30 cm, ridge width by 0.8-1.2 m, ridge height by 30-33 cm, furrow width by 18-21 cm and depth by 12-15 cm;
2500-3500 kg of plots are produced per mu, the application ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:1:2, 3500-5000 kg of plots are produced per mu, and the application ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.4-1.3: 2.2-2.9;
after the hardening is broken by intertillage for 1 time, 70 percent of herbicide Duer missible oil or 50 percent of acetochlor l00 ml is added with water for 50 kg and sprayed on the field surface per mu;
300-400 parts of sweet potato residue, 100-150 parts of tea seed cake, 80-100 parts of cotton hull, 100-120 parts of chicken manure, 100-130 parts of pond sludge, 30-50 parts of palygorskite, 50-80 parts of sodium corrosion, 60-80 parts of acorus calamus, 5-9 parts of biological fermentation microbial inoculum and 25-30 parts of nano calcium carbonate powder are applied to each mu of land before planting, and 15-25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate is applied to each mu of land after 30-50 days;
covering the ground with straw when the last intertillage before branching and bearing the potatoes is finished, wherein the quantity of the straw is 250-350 kg per mu;
before ridge sealing, the main vines grow to 25-35 cm, apical buds are removed when leaves are not unfolded, branches are promoted to grow, and group tops are formed again when the branches grow to 45-50 cm;
in the ridge sealing period, topdressing is carried out 30-50 days after the sweet potatoes are planted, 15-20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 6-8 kg of urea, 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate or 10-15 kg of special fertilizer for the sweet potatoes and 0.25 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 40 kg of water are applied to each mu;
preparing a selenium fertilizer into a selenium solution with the selenium concentration of 70-120 mg/kg, supplementing selenium for 2-3 times in a potato bearing period, a non-sewing period and a root tuber expansion period, uniformly spraying 450-750 kg of the selenium solution every hectare, spraying the selenium solution on leaves and stems, uniformly spraying fine mist 35 cm away from the leaves after 4 hours in cloudy days or sunny days in the afternoon by taking the non-dripping water as a degree, flushing with rain within 6 hours after selenium application for 1 time without mixing with alkaline pesticides and fertilizers, and stopping selenium application 20 days before harvesting;
before the soil is ploughed, a selenium soil conditioner is applied in the field, and then ploughed to ensure that the soil and the selenium fertilizer are fully and uniformly mixed.
2. The selenium-enrichment quality-improving cultivation method for sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sweet potato variety is sweet potato No. 1, Kexiu No. 12, Zhenghong No. 11, Xushu No. 34, Xiangshu No. 16 or Nanshu No. 88.
3. The selenium-enrichment quality-improving cultivation method for the sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the following steps of controlling vigorous growth: and spraying paclobutrazol for 1-2 times after ridge sealing, applying 75 g of 15% paclobutrazol per mu and adding 00 kg of water, and keeping the relative water content of the soil at 60-70%.
4. The selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the following steps of preventing premature senility: adding water 75 kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 g into 750 g/mu urea, or adding water 500 kg into urea 2.5 kg or ammonium bicarbonate l0 kg/mu land, perforating, pouring appropriate amount of fertilizer water, and sealing the hole.
5. The selenium-enrichment quality-improving cultivation method for the sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the following steps of preventing diseases and pests: when planting in a region with the stem nematode disease, 0.5 kg of methyl isosalix or phoxim is added with 1500 kg of water per mu, 0.5 kg of liquid medicine is poured into each pit, then the pits are sealed, or 1-1.5 kg of aldicarb or phoxim particles are adopted for hole application per mu, toprazine or carbendazim liquid medicine is adopted for seed soaking in a black spot region, seedlings are soaked, seeds are reserved in disease-free areas of summer potatoes for propagation, 2 kg of 50% phoxim granules are scattered into each mu during land preparation and ridging, larvae of the sweet potato hawthorns, prodenia litura and sweet potato wheat moths are found in the middle and later stages, and 90% crystal enemies or 1000 times of 50% phosphamidon emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed for prevention and control before three hundred years.
6. The selenium-enrichment quality-improving cultivation method for sweet potatoes according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps: harvesting is started when the average temperature is reduced to 15 ℃, and the harvested seeds are stored in a dark place.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115413546A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-02 | 湖南龙旺食品有限公司 | Selenium-rich sweet potato planting method |
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2021
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115413546A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-02 | 湖南龙旺食品有限公司 | Selenium-rich sweet potato planting method |
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