CN114402819A - Method for cutting and breeding medicago falcata - Google Patents
Method for cutting and breeding medicago falcata Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for cutting propagation of medicago falcata, relates to the technical field of cutting, and comprises the steps of seedbed arrangement, disinfection and shading, cutting selection, cutting, post-cutting management and transplanting. According to the method, factors influencing the cuttage survival rate of the medicago falcata are systematically researched, all links are optimized, a technical system capable of improving the cuttage survival rate of the medicago falcata is screened out, and technical support is provided for asexual rapid propagation of the medicago falcata.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cuttage, in particular to a method for cuttage breeding of medicago falcata.
Background
Cuttage is the earliest invented asexual propagation method and is the simplest method. The medicago falcata is a cross-pollinated plant, individuals obtained by sexual propagation are easy to generate gene hybridization, the excellent characteristics of parents cannot be completely reserved, the original strain can be rapidly propagated by asexual propagation, and single plants with the same genotype and phenotype as those of the original strain are obtained, so that the medicago falcata has important significance for evaluating the excellent strain with the same genotype and breeding the strain as the parents.
At present, though many researches on cuttage are carried out in China, the medicago falcata has fewer and scattered medicago falcata and does not have a set of complete operation rules. The patent application with the application number of CN201810726235.7 discloses a fructus evodiae propagation cutting technology, which comprises the following steps: (1) arranging a seedbed; (2) seed treatment; (3) accelerating germination; (4) sowing; (5) cutting seedlings; (6) transplanting and field planting; the evodia rutaecarpa seeds treated by the method improve the germination rate, save the treatment cost of the seeds, solve the defect that the seeds germinate late and can finish the rapid propagation by cuttage. However, the seeds need to be treated by self for sowing, the germination rate of the seeds cannot be completely guaranteed, the survival rate of plants cannot be guaranteed at all, the risk of material drawing exists in experiments, and a clear description is not provided for the management technology of the invention.
The cutting branch of the medicago falcata has relatively strict requirements on the external environment after being cut in vitro, and the key problem to be solved by the invention is how to enable the cutting branch to rapidly take root and survive after being cut in vitro.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cutting propagation of medicago falcata so as to improve the cutting survival rate of the medicago falcata.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
the invention provides a method for cutting propagation of medicago falcata, which comprises the following steps:
(a) arranging a seedbed: paving flower soil on the surface layer of the seedbed, and arranging a spray irrigation capillary device after the flower soil is paved flatly;
(b) disinfecting and shading: spraying 100-300mg/L thiophanate methyl on the seedbed for disinfection, and then covering the arched shed;
(c) selecting cutting slips: selecting wild medicago falcata in the bud stage as a cuttage material, selecting robust branches without plant diseases and insect pests as cuttings, keeping each section about 3-5 cm, fully retaining leaves, performing flat-mouth treatment on an upper cut, performing inclined-mouth treatment on a lower cut at an angle of 35-40 degrees, wherein the upper cut is 0.3-0.5 cm away from the leaves; putting the cutting into an ice box for storage for 12h and then carrying out cuttage;
(d) cuttage: firstly, a spray irrigation capillary device is used for thoroughly watering a seedbed, cutting strips which are cut and trimmed are immediately placed into a prepared 1200-2000mg/L solution of indagalin acetic acid for dipping for 3-5 seconds, then the cutting strips are inserted according to the plant spacing of 5 multiplied by 5cm, all branches are inserted into soil, and only blades are reserved on the surface of the soil layer; paving a layer of thin soil after cuttage is finished, completely attaching the cutting to a gap of the soil, and watering after 30-40% of time;
(e) managing after the insertion: watering 2-3 times every day to clean weeds on the surface of a seedbed, and reducing watering times according to the growth condition of cuttings after the cuttings take roots; the cutting period is 30-40 days;
(f) transplanting: watering the soil before transplanting to ensure that the soil is in a half-watered state; digging small seedlings to avoid damaging root systems, transplanting the root system tips with mother soil, and watering for 1-2 times to permeate water after transplanting.
The method for the cutting propagation of the medicago falcata provided by the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method, factors influencing the cutting survival rate of the medicago falcata are systematically researched, influences of internal conditions and external conditions on the cutting survival rate of the medicago falcata are researched, technical rules for improving the cutting seedling rate of the medicago falcata are obtained by comprehensively measuring various indexes, various links are optimized, a technical system capable of improving the cutting survival rate of the medicago falcata is screened out, and a theoretical basis is provided for practical application.
(2) The method can ensure that the cuttage survival rate reaches up to 90 percent, creatively combines the arched shed covering and sprinkling irrigation technology with the alfalfa branch cuttage technology, has short seedling culture period, stable effect and low cost, and is convenient to popularize and use in production. According to the climate difference of different areas in Xinjiang, multiple samples can be taken for multiple batches of cuttage, the utilization rate and the seedling raising efficiency of the seedbed are greatly improved, the land cost and the labor cost are reduced, and time and labor are saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of alfalfa shoots at the bud stage;
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of cutting of a slip.
Icon: 1-full retention of the leaf portion; 2-young buds; 3-lower cutting bevel.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Although the existing national cutting researches are more, the alfalfa is fewer and scattered, and a complete set of operation rules is not provided, so that a large amount of excellent parent materials are provided for alfalfa breeding, the technical support for the rapid propagation of excellent strains in resistance breeding and germplasm innovation is provided for the alfalfa, Xinjiang alfalfa is used as a material in the experiment, the factors influencing the cuttage survival rate of the alfalfa are systematically researched, various links are optimized, a technical system capable of improving the cuttage survival rate of the alfalfa is screened, and the technical support is provided for the asexual rapid propagation of the alfalfa.
The invention provides a medicago falcata cutting propagation method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, arranging the seedbed:
taking flower soil as a cuttage matrix, exposing the flower soil to the sun for 2-3 d before cuttage, arranging a seedbed in a field, digging 20cm of soil under the seedbed, and respectively placing the flower soil into the seedbed with the thickness of 10cm, wherein the length of the seedbed is 100cm, the width of the seedbed is 50cm, and the depth of the seedbed is 20 cm; after the flower soil is paved and leveled, a sprinkling irrigation capillary tube device is arranged, so that watering is facilitated;
step S2, disinfection and shading:
after the sprinkling irrigation belt is laid on the seedbed, spraying water thoroughly for one time, and preferably wetting to the bedside; spraying and diluting 500 times thiophanate methyl (the concentration is controlled at 300mg/L) on the surface of the seedbed after water spraying for disinfection, then erecting an arch shed by using bamboo chips, covering plastic cloth and a shading net and fixing by using iron wires, wherein the plastic cloth is convenient for heat preservation and moisture preservation, the plastic cloth is opened and ventilated at noon generally according to the temperature condition, and is covered at night, and the shading net requires more than 90 percent of shading rate;
step S3, selecting cutting:
the cutting time in Xinjiang is most suitable from the end of April to the middle ten days of May, and wild medicago falcata in bud period is selected as a cutting material; selecting robust branches without diseases and insect pests as cuttings, keeping each section about 3-5 cm, fully retaining leaves, performing flat-end treatment on an upper cut, performing inclined-end treatment on a lower cut at an angle of 35 degrees, wherein the distance between the upper cut and the leaves is 0.5 cm; putting the cutting into an ice box for storage for 12h and then carrying out cuttage; as shown in fig. 1-2;
the effect of cutting after the cut cutting is kept for 12 hours in the ice box after the materials are taken is better than that of cutting directly because the wounds of the stem nodes at two ends are solidified, the wounds of the cut branches are not healed, and the wounds are susceptible to infection after watering and are not beneficial to survival of the cutting.
The upper end of the cut cutting stem node is 0.5cm away from the whole leaf, because the upper end of the stem node is too long and consumes nutrients, and the rooting rate of the stem node is too short. The top end is processed in a flat opening mode, and the flat opening is less in evaporated water.
The lower end bevel opening is treated by 35 degrees, so that the soil can be more favorably inserted, and the bevel opening treatment can increase the absorption of water and inorganic salt and is favorable for rooting.
The medicago falcata is creeping type and vertical type with a main root, and the medicago falcata is selected from vertical type sampling for cuttage.
Step S4, cutting:
firstly, a spray irrigation capillary device is used for thoroughly watering a seedbed, cutting strips which are pruned by cutting are immediately put into a prepared solution (the concentration is controlled to be 1200-2000mg/L) with 500 times of dilution concentration of the indacenaphthylacetic acid, and after the solution is dipped in the rooting powder solution for 5 seconds, the cutting strips are inserted after being punched on the seedbed by bamboo sticks or wood sticks according to the plant spacing of 5 multiplied by 5 cm; inserting all the branches into soil, and only keeping the leaves on the surface of the soil layer; after cuttage, a layer of thin soil is paved, the cutting is completely attached to the gap of the soil, and watering is carried out after half an hour; preferably, cuttage is carried out in the morning when the temperature is not high, cuttage is carried out under a shading net directly in hot weather, and the effect is better;
and (4) fully watering water six hours in advance during cuttage, and inserting chopsticks into the soil to observe whether the soil is fully watered. And when the cutting is carried out on the next day, inserting the cutting into the soil, coating a layer of thin soil to ensure that no gap is left after the cutting is completely attached to the soil, and watering after half an hour.
Step S5, management after insertion:
watering 2-3 times every day, judging according to weather and soil humidity, observing whether weeds grow on the surface of a seedbed every day, and cleaning to prevent the growth of cuttings from being hindered; the cutting can be randomly pulled out to observe the rooting condition in ten days of cutting, and watering can be changed into twice a day, once a day and once every two days after the cutting takes root according to the growth condition of the cutting; lifting the two sides of the plastic cloth for ventilation in the daytime, normally covering the shading net, and covering the plastic cloth for heat preservation at night; the temperature is adjusted through a shading net, the sunlight is slightly seen in the morning and evening, when the sunlight is too strong and the temperature is too high, the shading net is covered on the whole day to shade and cool, the cuttage period is 30 days, and when the cuttage lasts for 20 days, the plastic cloth can be removed;
step S6, transplanting:
transplanting after 30 days of cuttage, and watering the soil by using a sprinkling irrigation device before transplanting to ensure that the soil is in a half-watered state; digging small seedlings by using a spoon so as to avoid damaging root systems, transplanting the root system tips with mother soil, and watering thoroughly after transplanting.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. The materials in the examples are prepared according to known methods or are directly commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
The raw materials, reagents, methods and the like used in the examples and experimental examples are those which are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Test site: three-lawn farm practice base of Xinjiang agricultural university.
Test time: 5 months at 2021 to 6 months at 2021.
Test ground test chrysanthemum variety: herba Medicaginis.
The cutting material is collected from the field planting field of the alfalfa in Aletai; other reagents are purchased from Wulu wood Qi Mingzhu flower market.
Five experiments are carried out respectively, the cuttage periods of the five experiments are different, and the cuttage periods are from 5 months to 24 days and are separated by 5 days.
Examples 1 to 1
A method for cutting and breeding medicago falcata comprises the following steps:
step 1, arranging a seedbed: the loess is used as a cuttage matrix, the loess is exposed to the sun for 2-3 d before cuttage, a seedbed is arranged in a field, the length of the seedbed is 100cm, the width of the seedbed is 50cm, the depth of the seedbed is 20cm, 20cm of soil is dug under the seedbed, and the loess is respectively placed in the seedbed with the thickness of 10 cm. Paving and leveling loess and arranging a spray irrigation capillary device;
Step 4, cuttage: firstly, a sprinkling irrigation capillary tube device is used for thoroughly watering a seedbed, bamboo sticks or wooden sticks are used for punching holes on the seedbed according to the plant spacing of 5 multiplied by 5cm and then inserted, branches are all inserted into soil, and only blades are kept on the surface of the soil layer; and (3) paving a layer of thin soil after the cuttage is finished, completely attaching the cuttings to gaps of the soil, and watering after half an hour. The cuttage is carried out in the morning when the temperature is not high, and the cuttage is directly carried out under a shading net in hot weather.
Step 5, managing after insertion: watering 2-3 times every day, judging according to weather and soil humidity, observing whether weeds grow on the surface of the seedbed every day, and cleaning to prevent the growth of cuttings from being hindered. The cutting can be randomly pulled out to observe the rooting condition in ten days of cutting, and the watering can be changed into twice a day, once a day and twice as long as two days later according to the growth condition of the cutting after the cutting takes root. The two sides of the plastic cloth are opened for ventilation in the daytime, the shading net is normally covered, and the plastic cloth is covered for heat preservation at night. The temperature is adjusted through a shading net, the sunlight is slightly seen in the morning and evening, when the sunlight is too strong and the temperature is too high, the shading net is covered on the whole day to shade and cool, the cuttage period is 30 days, and the plastic cloth can be removed when the cuttage lasts for 20 days.
Step 6, transplanting: transplanting after 30 days of cuttage, and watering the soil by using a sprinkling irrigation device before transplanting to ensure that the soil is in a half-watered state. Digging small seedlings by using a spoon so as to avoid damaging root systems, transplanting the root system tips with mother soil, and watering thoroughly after transplanting.
Examples 1 to 2
This example differs from example 1-1 in that step 3 selects alfalfa at the bud stage as the cutting material.
Examples 1 to 3
This example differs from example 1-1 in that step 3 selects medicago falcata in the branching stage as cutting material.
Example 2-1
A method for cutting and breeding medicago falcata comprises the following steps:
step 1, arranging a seedbed: the loess is used as a cuttage matrix, the loess is exposed to the sun for 2-3 d before cuttage, a seedbed is arranged in a field, the length of the seedbed is 100cm, the width of the seedbed is 50cm, the depth of the seedbed is 20cm, 20cm of soil is dug under the seedbed, and the loess is respectively placed in the seedbed with the thickness of 10 cm. Paving and leveling loess and arranging a spray irrigation capillary device;
Step 4, cuttage: firstly, a sprinkling irrigation capillary tube device is used for thoroughly watering a seedbed, bamboo sticks or wooden sticks are used for punching holes on the seedbed according to the plant spacing of 5 multiplied by 5cm and then inserted, branches are all inserted into soil, and only leaves are kept on the surface of the soil layer. And (3) paving a layer of thin soil after the cuttage is finished, completely attaching the cuttings to gaps of the soil, and watering after half an hour. Cuttage is carried out when the temperature is not high in the morning, and cuttage is directly carried out under a shading net in hot weather;
step 5, managing after insertion: watering 2-3 times every day, judging according to weather and soil humidity, observing whether weeds grow on the surface of the seedbed every day, and cleaning to prevent the growth of cuttings from being hindered. The cutting can be randomly pulled out to observe the rooting condition in ten days of cutting, and the watering can be changed into twice a day, once a day and twice as long as two days later according to the growth condition of the cutting after the cutting takes root. The two sides of the plastic cloth are opened for ventilation in the daytime, the shading net is normally covered, and the plastic cloth is covered for heat preservation at night. The temperature is adjusted through a shading net, the sunlight is slightly seen in the morning and evening, when the sunlight is too strong and the temperature is too high, the shading net is covered on the whole day to shade and cool, the cuttage period is 30 days, and the plastic cloth can be removed when the cuttage lasts for 20 days.
Step 6, transplanting: transplanting after 30 days of cuttage, and watering the soil by using a sprinkling irrigation device before transplanting to ensure that the soil is in a half-watered state. Digging small seedlings by using a spoon so as to avoid damaging root systems, transplanting the root system tips with mother soil, and watering thoroughly after transplanting.
Examples 2 to 2
This embodiment is different from embodiment 2-1 in that step 3 is a semi-retention leaf treatment.
Examples 2 to 3
This example is different from example 2-1 in that step 3 is a treatment without leaving the leaf.
Example 3-1
A method for cutting and breeding medicago falcata comprises the following steps:
step 1, arranging a seedbed: selecting loess as a cuttage matrix, respectively exposing the loess, the flower soil and the mixed soil to the sun for 2-3 d before cuttage, arranging a seedbed in a field, digging 20cm of soil below the seedbed, respectively placing the loess, the flower soil and the mixed soil into the seedbed, wherein the length of the seedbed is 100cm, the width of the seedbed is 50cm, and the depth of the seedbed is 20 cm. Respectively paving and flattening the loess, the flower soil and the mixed soil, and then arranging a spray irrigation capillary device;
Step 4, cuttage: firstly, a sprinkling irrigation capillary tube device is used for thoroughly watering a seedbed, bamboo sticks or wooden sticks are used for punching holes on the seedbed according to the plant spacing of 5 multiplied by 5cm and then inserted, branches are all inserted into soil, and only leaves are kept on the surface of the soil layer. And (3) paving a layer of thin soil after the cuttage is finished, completely attaching the cuttings to gaps of the soil, and watering after half an hour. Cuttage is carried out when the temperature is not high in the morning, and cuttage is directly carried out under a shading net in hot weather;
step 5, managing after insertion: watering 2-3 times every day, judging according to weather and soil humidity, observing whether weeds grow on the surface of the seedbed every day, and cleaning to prevent the growth of cuttings from being hindered. The cutting can be randomly pulled out to observe the rooting condition in ten days of cutting, and the watering can be changed into twice a day, once a day and twice as long as two days later according to the growth condition of the cutting after the cutting takes root. The two sides of the plastic cloth are opened for ventilation in the daytime, the shading net is normally covered, and the plastic cloth is covered for heat preservation at night. The temperature is adjusted through a shading net, the sunlight is slightly seen in the morning and evening, when the sunlight is too strong and the temperature is too high, the shading net is covered on the whole day to shade and cool, the cuttage period is 30 days, and the plastic cloth can be removed when the cuttage lasts for 20 days.
Step 6, transplanting: transplanting after 30 days of cuttage, and watering the soil by using a sprinkling irrigation device before transplanting to ensure that the soil is in a half-watered state. Digging small seedlings by using a spoon so as to avoid damaging root systems, transplanting the root system tips with mother soil, and watering thoroughly after transplanting.
Examples 3 to 2
This example differs from example 3-1 in that step 1 uses flower soil as the cutting medium.
Examples 3 to 3
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 3-1 is that the mixed soil (vermiculite: turfy soil: flower soil volume ratio is 1: 1: 1) is selected as the cuttage substrate in the step 1.
Example 4-1
A method for cutting and breeding medicago falcata comprises the following steps:
step 1, arranging a seedbed: taking mixed soil (vermiculite: turfy soil: flower soil volume ratio is 1: 1: 1) as a cuttage substrate, exposing the mixed soil in the sun for 2-3 d before cuttage, arranging a seedbed in a field, digging 20cm of soil under the seedbed, wherein the seedbed is 100cm long, 50cm wide and 20cm deep, and placing the mixed soil into the seedbed respectively, and the thickness of the mixed soil is 10 cm. After the mixed soil is paved and leveled, a sprinkling irrigation capillary pipe device is arranged, so that the watering is facilitated;
Step 4, cuttage: firstly, a seedling bed is thoroughly watered by a sprinkling irrigation capillary device, cuttings which are pruned by cuttage are immediately put into prepared naphthylacetic acid diluted 2000 times solution (the concentration is 500mg/L), and after the cuttings are respectively dipped with rooting powder solution for 5 seconds, the cuttings are punched on the seedling bed by a bamboo stick or a wood stick according to the plant spacing of 5 multiplied by 5cm and then inserted, branches are all inserted into soil, and only blades are reserved on the surface of the soil layer. And (3) paving a layer of thin soil after the cuttage is finished, completely attaching the cuttings to gaps of the soil, and watering after half an hour. Cuttage is carried out when the temperature is not high in the morning, and cuttage is directly carried out under a shading net in hot weather;
step 5, managing after insertion: watering 2-3 times every day, judging according to weather and soil humidity, observing whether weeds grow on the surface of the seedbed every day, and cleaning to prevent the growth of cuttings from being hindered. The cutting can be randomly pulled out to observe the rooting condition in ten days of cutting, and the watering can be changed into twice a day, once a day and twice as long as two days later according to the growth condition of the cutting after the cutting takes root. The two sides of the plastic cloth are opened for ventilation in the daytime, the shading net is normally covered, and the plastic cloth is covered for heat preservation at night. The temperature is adjusted through a shading net, the sunlight is slightly seen in the morning and evening, when the sunlight is too strong and the temperature is too high, the shading net is covered on the whole day to shade and cool, the cuttage period is 30 days, and when the cuttage lasts for 20 days, the plastic cloth can be removed;
step 6, transplanting: transplanting after 30 days of cuttage, and watering the soil by using a sprinkling irrigation device before transplanting to ensure that the soil is in a half-watered state. Digging small seedlings by using a spoon so as to avoid damaging root systems, transplanting the root system tips with mother soil, and watering thoroughly after transplanting.
Example 4 to 2
This example differs from example 4-1 in that step 4 the cuttings trimmed by cutting are immediately placed in a prepared solution having a naphthylacetic acid concentration of 1000 mg/L.
Examples 4 to 3
This example differs from example 4-1 in that in step 4 the cuttings obtained by cutting pruning are immediately placed in a prepared solution of sodium nitrate naphthylacetic acid with a concentration of 500 mg/L.
Examples 4 to 4
This example differs from example 4-1 in that in step 4 the cuttings obtained by cutting pruning are immediately placed in a prepared solution of 250mg/L sodium nitrate naphthylacetic acid.
Examples 4 to 5
This example differs from example 4-1 in that step 4 immediately puts the cuttings trimmed by cutting into the prepared solution of indacene 1200 mg/L.
Examples 4 to 6
This example differs from example 4-1 in that step 4 immediately puts the cuttings after cutting pruning into the prepared 2000mg/L solution of Intrinaphthylacetic acid.
Example 5-1
A method for cutting and breeding medicago falcata comprises the following steps:
step 1, arranging a seedbed: mixing soil (vermiculite: turfy soil: flower soil) 1: 1: 1 volume ratio, as a cuttage matrix, exposing mixed soil in the sun for 2-3 days before cuttage, arranging a seedbed in a field, digging 20cm of soil under the seedbed, and respectively placing the mixed soil into the seedbed with the thickness of 10cm, wherein the length of the seedbed is 100cm, the width of the seedbed is 50cm, and the depth of the seedbed is 20 cm. Paving and leveling the flower soil, and then arranging a sprinkling irrigation capillary device;
Step 4, cuttage: firstly, a sprinkling irrigation capillary tube device is used for thoroughly watering a seedbed, bamboo sticks or wooden sticks are used for punching holes on the seedbed according to the plant spacing of 5 multiplied by 5cm and then inserted, branches are all inserted into soil, and only leaves are kept on the surface of the soil layer. And (3) paving a layer of thin soil after the cuttage is finished, completely attaching the cuttings to gaps of the soil, and watering after half an hour. Cuttage is carried out when the temperature is not high in the morning, and cuttage is directly carried out under a shading net in hot weather;
step 5, managing after insertion: watering 2-3 times every day, judging according to weather and soil humidity, observing whether weeds grow on the surface of the seedbed every day, and cleaning to prevent the growth of cuttings from being hindered. The cutting can be randomly pulled out to observe the rooting condition in ten days of cutting, and the watering can be changed into twice a day, once a day and twice as long as two days later according to the growth condition of the cutting after the cutting takes root. The two sides of the plastic cloth are opened for ventilation in the daytime, the shading net is normally covered, and the plastic cloth is covered for heat preservation at night. The temperature is adjusted through a shading net, the sunlight is slightly seen in the morning and evening, when the sunlight is too strong and the temperature is too high, the shading net is covered on the whole day to shade and cool, the cuttage period is 30 days, and when the cuttage lasts for 20 days, the plastic cloth can be removed;
step 6, transplanting: transplanting after 30 days of cuttage, and watering the soil by using a sprinkling irrigation device before transplanting to ensure that the soil is in a half-watered state. Digging small seedlings by using a spoon so as to avoid damaging root systems, transplanting the root system tips with mother soil, and watering thoroughly after transplanting.
Examples 5 and 2
This example is different from example 5-1 in that 540mg/L of carbendazim was sterilized after spraying water in step 2.
Examples 5 to 3
This example is different from example 5-1 in that the seedbed surface was sterilized with 810mg/L carbendazim after spraying water in step 2.
Examples 5 to 4
This example is different from example 5-1 in that 100mg/L thiophanate-methyl was sterilized on the bed surface after spraying water in step 2.
Examples 5 to 5
This example is different from example 5-1 in that 200mg/L thiophanate-methyl was sterilized on the bed surface after spraying water in step 2.
Examples 5 to 6
This example is different from example 5-1 in that 300mg/L thiophanate-methyl was sterilized on the bed surface after spraying water in step 2.
Example 6
A method for cutting and breeding medicago falcata comprises the following steps:
step 1, arranging a seedbed: the flower soil is used as a cuttage substrate, the mixed soil is exposed to the sun for 2-3 d before cuttage, a seedbed is arranged in a field, the length of the seedbed is 100cm, the width of the seedbed is 50cm, the depth of the seedbed is 20cm, 20cm of soil is dug under the seedbed, and the mixed soil is respectively placed into the seedbed, wherein the thickness of the mixed soil is 10 cm. Paving and leveling the flower soil, and then arranging a sprinkling irrigation capillary device;
Step 4, cuttage: firstly, a seedling bed is thoroughly watered by a sprinkling irrigation capillary device, cuttings which are pruned by cuttage are immediately put into 1200mg/L solution of prepared indagalin acetic acid, and are respectively dipped with rooting powder solution for 5 seconds, and then the cuttings are inserted into the seedling bed after being punched by a bamboo stick or a wood stick according to the plant spacing of 5 multiplied by 5cm, all the branches are inserted into the soil, and only the leaves are remained on the surface of the soil layer. And (3) paving a layer of thin soil after the cuttage is finished, completely attaching the cuttings to gaps of the soil, and watering after half an hour. Cuttage is carried out when the temperature is not high in the morning, and cuttage is directly carried out under a shading net in hot weather;
step 5, managing after insertion: watering 2-3 times every day, judging according to weather and soil humidity, observing whether weeds grow on the surface of the seedbed every day, and cleaning to prevent the growth of cuttings from being hindered. The cutting can be randomly pulled out to observe the rooting condition in ten days of cutting, and the watering can be changed into twice a day, once a day and twice as long as two days later according to the growth condition of the cutting after the cutting takes root. The two sides of the plastic cloth are opened for ventilation in the daytime, the shading net is normally covered, and the plastic cloth is covered for heat preservation at night. The temperature is adjusted through a shading net, the sunlight is slightly seen in the morning and evening, when the sunlight is too strong and the temperature is too high, the shading net is covered on the whole day to shade and cool, the cuttage period is 30 days, and when the cuttage lasts for 20 days, the plastic cloth can be removed;
step 6, transplanting: transplanting after 30 days of cuttage, and watering the soil by using a sprinkling irrigation device before transplanting to ensure that the soil is in a half-watered state. Digging small seedlings by using a spoon so as to avoid damaging root systems, transplanting the root system tips with mother soil, and watering thoroughly after transplanting.
Survival rate test:
and (4) after carrying out statistics on the cuttage for 30 days, observing the ratio of the survived plants to the initially-cut plants, and calculating to obtain the cuttage survival rate. Survival rate is survival strain/initial strain.
The survival rate of each example is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Investigated by the technical staff: the rooting survival rate of cuttings after cutting in bud period is more than 77.5% in example 1, the rooting survival rate of cuttings after cutting in full-retention leaf cuttings is 90.62% in example 2, the rooting survival rate of cuttings after cutting in flower soil cuttings is 87.5% in example 3, the rooting survival rate of cuttings after cutting in 500-fold solution of linalyl acetic acid is 90.83% in example 4, and the rooting survival rate of cuttings after cutting in 500-fold solution of thiophanate methyl is 90.63% in example 5. Comprehensively obtain a group of optimized alfalfa cutting technology integration.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for cutting and breeding medicago falcata is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) arranging a seedbed: paving flower soil on the surface layer of the seedbed, and arranging a spray irrigation capillary device after the flower soil is paved flatly;
(b) disinfecting and shading: spraying 100-300mg/L thiophanate methyl on the seedbed for disinfection, and then covering the arched shed;
(c) selecting cutting slips: selecting wild medicago falcata in the bud stage as a cuttage material, selecting robust branches without plant diseases and insect pests as cuttings, keeping each section about 3-5 cm, fully retaining leaves, performing flat-mouth treatment on an upper cut, performing inclined-mouth treatment on a lower cut at an angle of 35-40 degrees, wherein the upper cut is 0.3-0.5 cm away from the leaves; putting the cutting into an ice box for storage for 12h and then carrying out cuttage;
(d) cuttage: firstly, thoroughly watering a seedbed by using a sprinkling irrigation capillary device, immediately putting the cuttings subjected to cuttage pruning into a prepared 1200-2000mg/L solution of indacenine and naphthylacetic acid for 3-5 seconds, inserting the cuttings according to the plant spacing of 5-8 multiplied by 5-8 cm, completely inserting branches into soil, and only keeping leaves on the surface of a soil layer; paving a layer of thin soil after cuttage is finished, completely attaching the cutting to a gap of the soil, and watering after 30-40 minutes;
(e) managing after the insertion: watering 2-3 times every day to clean weeds on the surface of a seedbed, and reducing watering times according to the growth condition of cuttings after the cuttings take roots; the cutting period is 30-40 days;
(f) transplanting: watering the soil before transplanting to ensure that the soil is in a half-watered state; digging small seedlings to avoid damaging root systems, transplanting the root system tips with mother soil, and watering for 1-2 times to permeate water after transplanting.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (a), before cuttage, flower soil is exposed to the sun for 2-3 days, the seedbed is arranged in a field, the length of the seedbed is 100-110 cm, the width of the seedbed is 50-60 cm, the depth of the seedbed is 20-30 cm, soil is dug under the seedbed for 20-30 cm, and the flower soil is placed in the seedbed and has the thickness of 10-15 cm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (b), the arch covering comprises: the arched shed is built by bamboo sheets, plastic cloth and shading nets are covered and fixed by iron wires, and ventilation is carried out regularly, wherein the shading rate of the shading nets is more than 90%.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step (d), the cuttage is selected in the morning and directly under a shade net in hot weather.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein in step (e), the number of watering is reduced according to the growth of the cutting, and the number of watering is changed to twice a day, once a day, and the subsequent reduction is twice a day.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (e), the plastic cloth is opened at both sides for ventilation in the daytime, the shading net is normally covered, and the plastic cloth is covered at night for heat preservation; the temperature is adjusted through a shading net, the sunshine is slightly seen in the morning and evening, and the shading net is covered on the whole day to shade and cool when the sunshine is too strong and the temperature is too high; and removing the plastic cloth when the cutting is carried out for 15-20 days.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (f), the plantlets are scooped with a spoon.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (f), the alfalfa in the wild type with upright type main roots is selected as the cutting material in step (c).
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