CN106954460A - Stropharia rugoso-annulata implantation methods - Google Patents
Stropharia rugoso-annulata implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN106954460A CN106954460A CN201710189812.9A CN201710189812A CN106954460A CN 106954460 A CN106954460 A CN 106954460A CN 201710189812 A CN201710189812 A CN 201710189812A CN 106954460 A CN106954460 A CN 106954460A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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Abstract
The present invention relates to field of agricultural cultivation, specifically a kind of Stropharia rugoso-annulata implantation methods.Raw material prepares:Cereal straw is all immersed in water 2 days, or sprinkling is soaked, and keeps water content 70% 75%;Stone is sowed:Divide three layers of lay, every layer of 8 centimetres of high raw material, wide 70 cm, strain is broadcast on third layer grass, 2 centimetres of thin grass are repaved on strain, strain is covered, using quincunx broadcast mode, is spaced 10 cms;It is capped wet gunnysack or other straw screen or mat coverings;Bacterium germination is managed:Keep 22 28 DEG C of material temperature, water content 70 75%, the bacterium germination condition of relative air humidity 85 90%;Earthing is managed:Earthing is capped on mushroom bed, earthing is that 50% fertile soil adds 50% peat soil, the covering material of pH value 5.7;Management of producing mushroom:It is 90 95% to keep relative humidity.By the above method, bacterium germination cultural hypha temperature can be kept, feed moisture content, gas concentration lwevel substantially increases the stability and yield of Stropharia rugoso-annulata production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural cultivation, specifically a kind of Stropharia rugoso-annulata implantation methods.
Background technology
Stropharia rugoso-annulata also known as Stropharia rugoso annulata, wrinkle Stropharia rugoso-annulata, the red Stropharia rugoso-annulata of wine, are that ten on international mushroom class trade market are big
One of mushroom class, is also one of gill fungus bacterium that FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO) recommends cultivation to developing country.Stropharia rugoso-annulata is rich in egg
The bioactivators such as white matter, polysaccharide, mineral element, vitamin, amino acid content is up to 17 kinds, and essential amino acid is complete.
Stropharia rugoso-annulata fructification crude protein content is 25.75%, and crude fat is 2.19%, and crude fibre is 7.99%, carbohydrate
68.23%, total amino acid content is 16.72%, E/E+N and E/N ratios are respectively 39.11% and 0.64.In mineral element phosphorus and
Potassium content is higher, and respectively 3.48% and 0.82%.The content of general flavone, Total saponin and phenols in bioactivator is big
In 0.1%, taurine and Vc contents are respectively 81.5 and 53.1mg/100g, and nutritive value is very high, but the side of current plantation
Method, the Stropharia rugoso-annulata quality portion produced is high, and uneven, yield is nor very high.
The content of the invention
It is not enough in order to make up the above, the invention provides a kind of Stropharia rugoso-annulata implantation methods, to solve above-mentioned background technology
Middle the problem of.
The technical scheme is that:
A kind of Stropharia rugoso-annulata implantation methods, its planting patterns is as follows:
Raw material prepares:Cereal straw is all immersed in water 2 days, or sprinkling is soaked, and keeps water content in 70%-
75%;
Stone is sowed:Divide three layers of lay, every layer of 8 centimetres of high raw material, wide 70 cm, strain is broadcast on third layer grass
Face, 2 centimetres of thin grass are repaved on strain, strain is covered, using quincunx broadcast mode, are spaced 10 cms;Capping is wet
Gunnysack or other straw screen or mat coverings;
Bacterium germination is managed:Keep 22-28 DEG C of material temperature, water content 70-75%, relative air humidity 85-90% bacterium germination condition;
Earthing is managed:Earthing is capped on mushroom bed, earthing is that 50% fertile soil adds 50% peat soil, pH value 5.7 covers
Cover material;
Management of producing mushroom:Holding relative humidity is 90-95%;
Harvesting:The mushroom of harvesting standard is reached, mushroom handle bottom can be caught with thumb, forefinger and middle finger, gently reverses loose
Pulled up upwards again after dynamic, prevent from loosening surrounding small mushroom bud.
The further setting of the present invention is:Ready loam is directly layered on the bed of material in earthing management, it is thick 3-5 lis
Rice, has covered soil, damping overburden layer, water content is 36-37%.
The further setting of the present invention is:Described management of producing mushroom includes moisture management, and described moisture management is to protect
It is in moisture state to hold covering and overburden layer, and is burrowed in mushroom bed centre and subaerial side, is promoted logical in mushroom bed
Wind, evaporates unnecessary moisture.
The further setting of the present invention is:The temperature that fruiting is kept in described management of producing mushroom is 12-25 DEG C.
By the above method, bacterium germination cultural hypha temperature can be kept, feed moisture content, gas concentration lwevel is carried significantly
The high stability and yield of Stropharia rugoso-annulata production.
Embodiment
A kind of Stropharia rugoso-annulata implantation methods
1st, raw material prepares:The material of cultivation Stropharia rugoso-annulata is mainly the cereal straws such as straw, straw, flax stalk, it is not necessary to
Any auxiliary material is added, early straw, late rice grass are available.But it is noted that the straw of suitable cultivation Stropharia rugoso-annulata should it is fresh,
Foot is dry, nothing is gone mouldy.It should be dried in time after rice harvesting, collection storage is standby.Late season straw is better than early rice, because of the fertility of late season straw
Phase is long, and nutrient storage is sufficient, therefore the production mushroom phase is also preferably long.The quality of straw quality, has direct shadow to Stropharia rugoso-annulata yield
Ring.Storage period longer straw may by microorganism effect it is partially decomposed and mite, nematode, springtail, mould may be concealed with
Deng, be not suitable for cultivate Stropharia rugoso-annulata, otherwise can influence yield.
Should also get out covering before cultivation, such as useless gunnysack or straw screen or mat, and rain-proof film, or construction shading shed,
Protect canopy etc..
2nd, Feedstock treating
Build before heap, straw must first soak 2 days, it is therefore an objective to allow straw to suction moisture, it is become soft, in water and draft
Be conducive to the tight of forage heap under body Action of Gravity Field and be easy to operation.Also using spray mode straw can be made to suction moisture.Straw
No matter length is available.The straw of moisture is suctioned, picks up and allows its draining 1 day, keeps water content in 70%-75%, is twisted with hand
One grass, has water to drip intermittently and is defined.
When being sowed at the beginning of autumn late summer, temperature is generally greater than 23 DEG C, to prevent from building haystack fermentation calefaction after heap, after planting influences
Mycelial growth is, it is necessary to carry out false heap.Concrete operations are, the straw of immersion pick up relief its it is naturally in heaps stack, draining and false heap
Carry out simultaneously, built up wide 1.5-2 centimetres, high 1.5 meters of heap again after 2-3 days, turning once, makes its upper strata partially dry after 3 days
Straw is well mixed with middle.Heap is dissipated after 2 days, whole furrow can be carried out after cooling and build heap sowing.Certainly in most cases,
Can need not pre- heap fermentation process and directly whole drill seeding kind.
Whole drill seeding kind
So preparation it is ready after, so that it may carry out whole drill seeding kind.Cultivation place is general
Be selected in outdoor suitable place, accomplish to suit measures to local conditions, in the hope of obtaining good economic benefit, such as Winter paddy field, forest land,
Orchard, by being transformed, creates the environmental condition for the requirement of growing for meeting Stropharia rugoso-annulata.If cultivation place is selected in soil
Matter is fertile, rich in humus and loose loam plantation, then is conducive to fruiting ahead of time and improves yield.
Three layers of lay of stone time-division, every layer of 8 centimetres of high straw, wide 70 cm, length is different because of place.Strain is broadcast
On third layer grass, 2 centimetres of thin grass are preferably repaved on strain, to cover strain as degree, using quincunx broadcast mode,
10 cms are spaced, every square metre is about broadcast one bag of strain.It is too broken that strain block can not be torn, and is advisable with goose egg size.Forest land,
Orchard can also build the sowing of rickle form, often pile up 1 square metre or so, same 20-25 kilograms of every square metre of paving hay amount.During stone
Be paved into it is trapezoidal preferably, bottom is big, upper strata is inwardly indented, and is conducive to earthing to operate, while notice that stone will try one's best compacted mass,
With sharp mycelial growth.After planting, heap temperature situation of change is observed when bacterium germination is managed.
Whole furrow stone sowing is finished, and the covering such as wet gunnysack or other straw screen or mat is capped in charge level.
Bacterium germination is managed
Stropharia rugoso-annulata bacteria developing period groundwork is regulation temperature and humidity.Vegetative stage will
Ask 22-28 DEG C of material temperature, water content 70-75%, relative air humidity 85-90%.
1st, water management
Build before heap suction moisture straw can typically meet mycelial growth the need for.It is typically not straight in 1 month after planting
Water spray being connect with mushroom bed level, usually can guarantee that covering moistening just can be with, unnecessary moisture should not be allowed to flow into material.Meet
On rainy day, with covered rearing with plastic film on covering, prevent that rainwater from penetrating into and cause bed of material humidity excessive, influence mycelial growth.
After treating rain, film is lifted, while carrying out water drainage work, prevents from expecting bed ponding.
After sowing 1 month, mycelia material feeding more than half, mushroom bed level occurs drying the phenomenon turned white sometimes, at this moment can be with
Appropriate water spray, mushroom bed surrounding can be sprayed more, and middle part is sprayed less.If mushroom bed humidity is enough, it is not necessary to sprays water, prevents because of injection flow rate mistake
Cause mycelia to be failed more.
2nd, temperature treatment
The management of vegetative stage material layer temperature is critically important.After planting, material layer temperature is higher two kinds of possibility:One is certainly
Right temperature drift, two be that straw soak time is short, and moisture is not suctioned.If natural temperature is higher, and material layer temperature and it is no more than
30 DEG C, if covering is taken off, and at stockpile centre interval 20 centimetres make a call to a hole, 6 centimetres of hole diameter, depth 20
Cm.If second of reason, it is significantly raised typically to will result in stockpile temperature at after planting 2-3 days, up to 32
More than DEG C, will should partly it be opened on the bed of material in this case, then appropriate water spray, after 2-3 days, then it is organized into original state.
If after planting material temperature continues below 20 DEG C, careless quilt is preferably thickeied with the morning, and added by upper in grass the dusk time-division
Lid plastic sheeting, lifts film daytime again.
In addition, whether Stropharia rugoso-annulata compost needs pre- heap fermentation process, mainly according to natural temperature during cultivation depending on.
Typically in the case where temperature is low, avoiding the need for can directly whole furrow stone sowing after pre- heap fermentation, leaching grass.But at the beginning of autumn late summer,
Temperature is more than 23 DEG C, preferably by false heap fermentation process, is conducive to controlling the rise of material temperature, paving can be also suitably reduced during sowing
Expect thickness, rest in 20 cms.
It can also play a part of adjusting material temperature by improving the sunshade degree of cool canopy.
3rd, earthing is managed
Mushroom bed earthing, on the one hand can promote mycelia to twist together, on the other hand also function to positive effect to heap inside holding moisturizing.
After earthing, as long as keeping soil layer to moisten need not can spray water everyday.
After general sowing 35 days, mycelia walks full compost more than 2/3, it is possible to carry out earthing on mushroom bed.Autumn is broadcast
The bed of material planted, because natural climate is dried, the forage easily caused above the bed of material is partially dry, can suitably shift to an earlier date earthing, i.e., first in material
Thin soil is covered on face upper strata, using sparse visible straw as degree, it is ensured that figure layer moistening just can be with.
The quality of cover soil material quality, has large effect to the yield of Stropharia rugoso-annulata.It is general to be added with 50% fertile soil
50% peat soil, the cover soil material of pH value 5.7 is used as standard overburden layer.Majority is to gather materials on the spot in actually cultivation, from garden
Loam or soil property in woods is fertile, rich in humus and loose loam.This soil property is soft, has higher specific retention, contains
There is abundant humus, pH value can't use clay or sand between 5.5-6.5, its discomfort is used as Stropharia rugoso-annulata
Cover soil material.
Cover soil material can not sterilize, otherwise easy pollution microbes, also will not fruiting.Only ready loam need to be directly layered on
It is thick 3-5 centimetres on the bed of material, covered soil, damping overburden layer, water content is advisable with 36-37%, with hand pinch grogs can become it is flat but not
Broken, it is degree that will not also glue hand.
More dry mushroom bed can be sprayed water in right amount after earthing, and soil layer can be moistened without flowing into material as degree by reaching.Under normal circumstances,
Can see within 2-3 days after earthing after mycelia climbs up overburden layer, earthing can not be capped covering, but prevent wet inside and dry outside.
Management of producing mushroom
Stropharia rugoso-annulata mushroom bed is after earthing, and mycelia gradually turns people's generative growth phase, general 15-20 by vegetative growth phase
Can fruiting after it.Now main management work is exactly moisturizing and strengthens ventilation.
1st, moisture management
Fruiting demands relative air humidity 90-95%, improves relative air humidity, is conducive to stimulating the shape of mushroom flower bud
Into, it is common practice to it is in moisture state to keep covering and overburden layer.Overburden layer is if there is dry blushing, it is necessary to suitable
Amount water spray, is allowed to keep moisture state.Will atomized water spraying several times, should not disposably spray a large amount of water, prevent excessive flow into of spraying water
In material, it will so have a strong impact on mycelia kink and form mushroom flower bud.
Water content in the bed of material requires that mycelia is walked after forage, and straw clutches compost with hand in light yellow, and feel is pine
Soft, moistening, also slightly water droplet occurs sometimes, here it is normally.Sense is gone rotten if having or water droplet bunchiness is flowed down, and this is just not just
Chang Liao, illustrates that water content is too high.
The reason for causing this phenomenon may have three:One antecedent moisture miscarriage, flows into bed of material moisture on the high side;Secondly
Rainproof working is not carried out, was caught in the rain;Thirdly place underground ponding, at this moment needs to take the measure of dealing carefully with time.
Stop spraying water, lift and abandon covering, strengthen ventilation, accelerate the evaporation of mushroom bed moisture, after bed of material water content declines, then
Spray water moisturizing, promotes mushroom flower bud to be formed.
Dig trenches to drain the water away, as far as possible lowering of watertable, prevent ponding.
Burrowed in mushroom bed centre and subaerial side, promote to divulge information in mushroom bed, evaporate unnecessary moisture.
Ventilation is managed
By the management of early stage, under the stimulation of natural lighting, substantial amounts of white mushroom flower bud can be formed on mushroom bed quickly, this
When it is noted that strengthen ventilation work.The quality of ventilation, directly affects the yield and quality of mushroom flower bud.Also it should not mainly allow too
Direct sunlight mushroom bed, appropriate shade is conducive to improving mushroom quality.Cultivated in orchard, forest land, with fresh air, ventilation is good, temperature
Degree is suitable, and fructification slowly grows, and mushroom handle is short, the solid stalwartness of mushroom body, and yield is high.
Temperature treatment
The fruiting temperature range of Stropharia rugoso-annulata be 4-30 DEG C, with 12-25 DEG C of fruiting temperature than convenient fructification into
It is long.When temperature is less than 4 DEG C or the not long mushroom more than 30 DEG C., can be by adjusting illumination, water spray during actual cultivation management
Time, the ventilation time for cultivating field create suitable environment.Various regions weather conditions are different, Fujian Province's most area
The growth of the convenient Stropharia rugoso-annulata of temperature ratio of the 10-12 months and the 3-4 months.
During fruiting, if meeting frost it is noted that thickening careless quilt, small mushroom bud is allowed to exempt from the blow-through of bise.In mycelia battalion
The mushroom bed of growth phase is supported, frost low temperature cannot be easily caused freeze injury to mycelium, and covering grass can be passed the winter safely.
Harvesting and processing
Harvest time
Fructification is needed 5-10 days from white point (former base is formed) is exposed to ripe long great achievement commodity mushroom, with natural temperature difference
Show difference.Under cryogenic conditions, sporophore growth is slow, and mushroom body grows solid, healthy and strong, is difficult parachute-opening.Yield is concentrated mainly on
First and second tide, is spaced 15-25 days per tide, can typically adopt 3 damp mushrooms.
When the mycoderm of fructification not yet rupture or just rupture, cap is bell-like when be Harvesting Date, at the latest should be in cap
Volume, lamella are in that canescence, robe are harvested when not yet ripe.Treat that ripe fructification, robe ejection, lamella are transformed into dark brown even
Atropurpureus, bacterium harvest when opening open and flat, have lost commodity value.The mushroom of differing maturity its quality, sensory difference are larger, with
Not parachute-opening is degree, the preservation time also factory.
Collecting method
The mushroom of harvesting standard is reached, mushroom handle bottom can be caught with thumb, forefinger and middle finger, is gently reversed after loosening again
Pull up upwards, be sure not to loosen surrounding small mushroom bud.The mushroom harvested will put neatly, allow mushroom body to keep cleaning clean as far as possible, treat
Prune after the mushroom pin with soil, listed using inner wrapping, or be sent to market marketing fresh.
After harvesting, the upper earthing of mushroom bed is flattened in time, and residual mushroom is cleaned out, and is otherwise easily drawn worm and is caused harm healthy mushroom flower bud.
Fresh mushroom can short term storage, in 2-5 DEG C, keep 2-3 days, time lengthening quality can decline.
Processing method
It is drying.Stropharia rugoso-annulata mushroom body piece shape is big, and water content is high, should not dry, can copy other edible mushroom dewatering dryings
Method, after can also fresh goods be finished, carries out dewatering drying.Drying initial temperature should control at 35-40 DEG C, be dried to 7-8 into it is dry when,
50-60 DEG C is warming up to, foot is dried to and does, use the measured plastic bag packaging of matter in time after cooling, prevent moisture regain, mouldy qualitative change.
Salt marsh.Stropharia rugoso-annulata mushroom body is larger, need to extend 8-12 minutes during fixing, boils thoroughly well cooked but not mushy to spend to mushroom body, can imitate
The can manufacturing technology of other edible mushrooms is operated.
Tank processed.Stropharia rugoso-annulata for tank processed will select the mushroom body being of moderate size to carry out tank processed as raw material, can imitate other
The can manufacturing technology of edible mushroom is operated.
FAQs and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Stropharia rugoso-annulata resistance, cultivation management is more extensive simple, it is not yet found that the disease of serious harm in production practices
Evil, so mainly taking prophylactico-therapeutic measures.First straw originally require it is dry, fresh, without musty, can be under burning sun preferably before cultivation
It is exposed to the sun 2-3 days;Secondly the good Compost moisture content of GPRS in cultivation, promotes mycelia stalwartness growth, obtains growth definitely excellent
Gesture.Find to pull out in time during terrible destroying angel in bacterium bed, to reduce nutrient consumption.
The bacterium bed of cultivation Stropharia rugoso-annulata often has more mite class, and mushroom around bed, which places any of several broadleaf plants, 0.5% DDVP
Cotton balls, can walk quickly and keep away the insects such as mite class, springtail and mushroom mosquito, and newspaper, useless cloth, thereon any of several broadleaf plants liquid glucose, or put fresh can be also put on mushroom bed
Bake pig bone or oil cake powder of perfume etc. and carry out trapping mite class, also can press 1 with honey, water and 90% metrifonate:10:2 ratios are mixed
Trapped and killed.Snail, slug are also the animal of Stropharia rugoso-annulata of causing harm, and mainly take manual method to catch and kill.
Above-mentioned implantation methods mushroom body is beautiful in colour, and leg slightly covers fertilizer, and yield is high, and stability is high, and greater homogeneity.
General principle, principal character and the advantages of the present invention of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification is originally
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appending claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of Stropharia rugoso-annulata implantation methods, it is characterised in that:
Raw material prepares:Cereal straw is all immersed in water 2 days, or sprinkling is soaked, and keeps water content in 70%-75%;
Stone is sowed:Divide three layers of lay, every layer of 8 centimetres of high raw material, wide 70 cm, strain is broadcast on third layer grass,
2 centimetres of thin grass are repaved on strain, strain is covered, using quincunx broadcast mode, 10 cms are spaced;It is capped wet gunnysack
Or other straw screen or mat coverings;
Bacterium germination is managed:Keep 22-28 DEG C of material temperature, water content 70-75%, relative air humidity 85-90% bacterium germination condition;
Earthing is managed:Earthing is capped on mushroom bed, earthing is that 50% fertile soil adds 50% peat soil, the covering material of pH value 5.7
Material;
Management of producing mushroom:Holding relative humidity is 90-95%;
Harvesting:The mushroom of harvesting standard is reached, mushroom handle bottom can be caught with thumb, forefinger and middle finger, is gently reversed after loosening
Pull up upwards again, prevent from loosening surrounding small mushroom bud.
2. according to the Stropharia rugoso-annulata implantation methods described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:By ready earth in earthing management
Soil is directly layered on the bed of material, thick 3-5 centimetres, has covered soil, damping overburden layer, water content is 36-37%.
3. according to the Stropharia rugoso-annulata implantation methods described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:Described management of producing mushroom includes
Moisture management, described moisture management is to maintain covering and overburden layer is in moisture state, and in mushroom bed centre and approaches
The side on ground burrows, and promotes to divulge information in mushroom bed, evaporates unnecessary moisture.
4. according to the Stropharia rugoso-annulata implantation methods described in claim 3, it is characterised in that:Fruiting is kept in described management of producing mushroom
Temperature be 12-25 DEG C.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108605657A (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2018-10-02 | 贺州迅凯农作物病虫害防治专业合作社 | A kind of efficient implantation methods of Stropharia rugoso-annulata |
| CN112470817A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-03-12 | 益阳市赫山区鑫莲水稻种植农民专业合作社 | Crop rotation method for mushroom rice |
| CN115777445A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-03-14 | 湖南邓述东一亩田农业科技发展有限公司 | Simple method for cultivating edible fungi by using pure straws |
| CN118202902A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2024-06-18 | 襄阳市农业科学院 | A method for growing stropharia |
| WO2024222083A1 (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2024-10-31 | 常州源直达商务有限责任公司 | Water control method in stropharia rugosoannulata cultivation process |
-
2017
- 2017-03-28 CN CN201710189812.9A patent/CN106954460A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 苗冠军等: "大球盖菇栽培技术", 《吉林蔬菜》 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108605657A (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2018-10-02 | 贺州迅凯农作物病虫害防治专业合作社 | A kind of efficient implantation methods of Stropharia rugoso-annulata |
| CN112470817A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-03-12 | 益阳市赫山区鑫莲水稻种植农民专业合作社 | Crop rotation method for mushroom rice |
| CN115777445A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-03-14 | 湖南邓述东一亩田农业科技发展有限公司 | Simple method for cultivating edible fungi by using pure straws |
| WO2024222083A1 (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2024-10-31 | 常州源直达商务有限责任公司 | Water control method in stropharia rugosoannulata cultivation process |
| CN118202902A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2024-06-18 | 襄阳市农业科学院 | A method for growing stropharia |
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Application publication date: 20170718 |