CN110268876A - The method that the regional grape in a kind of year samming >=20 DEG C breaks dormancy vernalization - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the methods that the regional grape in a kind of year samming >=20 DEG C breaks dormancy vernalization, belong to agricultural technology field.The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the twenty-four solar terms the beginning of spring to during rainwater, dormancy vernalization processing is carried out brokenly to grape；Detailed process are as follows: after the completion of winter trims grape, select the beginning of spring of the twenty-four solar terms to during rainwater, apply all bud eyes erased outside terminal bud using 30 times of liquid of flourish bud cyanamide.Grape rudiment can be made neat using method of the invention, beared fruit in order at flower, grape fruit quality is more excellent, fruit ear, fruit quality are larger, yield is considerable, stay in grade, and fruit entirety flavor is preferable, and then ensure that grape fruit selling price and fairly high profit.In addition, carrying out operation according to the present invention, grape in embryo before and after solar term in the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), has circumvented the influence of the diastrous weathers such as cold spell in later spring substantially at this time, has normally well grown conducive to grape.

Description

The method that the regional grape in a kind of year samming >=20 DEG C breaks dormancy vernalization

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural technology fields, and in particular to the regional grape in a kind of year samming >=20 DEG C breaks the side of dormancy vernalization Method.

Background technique

South Fujian year-round average temperature >=20 DEG C area (hereinafter referred to as South Fujian Province) especially facility cultivation garden, winter Accumulated temperature (≤7.2 DEG C of temperature) is insufficient, and Grape Dormancy condition cannot attain full and complete satisfaction, referring to the conventional broken behaviour that sleeps in other areas inside the province Make (chemicals for breaking dormancy is smeared in mid or late January grape winter pruning after the completion) causes rudiment irregular instead, and bud eye is thin and weak, causes subsequent Subalimentation can not form normal inflorescence.South Fujian Province temperature after the beginning of spring of the twenty-four solar terms maintains essentially in 10 DEG C or more, After generally broken dormancy processing 15 ~ 20d can rudiment, therefore, normal year, which suitably postpones broken dormancy, can make grapevine seedling dormancy time more Add abundant, promotes rudiment neat and good at spending.Meanwhile if carrying out immediately after the winter cuts according in the existing cultivation management in Fujian Broken dormancy work, temperature condition is sprouted rapidly after being suitable for, if encountering cold late spring after rudiment, the young tender shoots eye just sprouted is easily It endures cold death, even if will also result in the delay of phenological period current year after adopting remedial measures in time, yield reduces, under fruit quality Drop, orchard worker's income such as are badly damaged at the irreversible influence.

Cyanamide can wake up Grape Dormancy as a kind of plant hormone substance in due course, promote rudiment neat.In recent years, single Use of the cyanamide in southern area is also becoming increasingly popular, but how according to regional climate temperature feature, is sent out in conjunction with different gardens Exhibition demand selects suitable broken dormancy period it is also highly desirable to have and is standardized.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, providing the regional grape in a kind of year samming >=20 DEG C breaks dormancy vernalization Method.Grape rudiment can be made neat using method of the invention, beared fruit in order at flower, grape fruit quality is more excellent Good, fruit ear, fruit quality are larger, and yield is considerable, stay in grade, and fruit entirety flavor is preferable, and then ensure that grape fruit pin Price lattice and fairly high profit.In addition, carrying out operation according to the present invention, grape is in embryo before and after solar term in the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), at this time substantially The influence of the diastrous weathers such as cold spell in later spring has been circumvented, has normally well been grown conducive to grape.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

The method that the regional grape in a kind of year samming >=20 DEG C breaks dormancy vernalization, the twenty-four solar terms the beginning of spring to during rainwater, to Portugal Grape carry out brokenly dormancy vernalization processing；The detailed process of the broken dormancy vernalization processing are as follows: after the completion of winter trims grape, choosing The beginning of spring of the twenty-four solar terms is selected to during rainwater, applies all bud eyes erased outside terminal bud using 30 times of liquid of flourish bud cyanamide.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

In the area of year-round average temperature >=20 DEG C, especially facility cultivation garden, winter accumulated temperature (≤7.2 DEG C of temperature) is insufficient, Portugal Grape sleep condition cannot attain full and complete satisfaction, and easily cause rudiment irregular, and bud eye is thin and weak, cause subsequent subalimentation can not shape At normal inflorescence.It selects to may make grape bud eye germination rate to reach to broken dormancy vernalization is carried out during rainwater in the beginning of spring of the twenty-four solar terms To 79.4%, fruit branch rate 81.8% promotes that south warm region grape rudiment is neat, improves at flower fruit-setting rate to good, promotes warp Positive effect is played in Ji benefit promotion etc..

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited only to these embodiments.

1 materials and methods

1.1 material

It tests and carried out (20.2 DEG C of local year-round average temperature) in the seminar's Quanzhou Nan'an town Feng Zhou grape base in 2017, choosing It selects base life in 4 years and takes shelter from rain that (the main cultivation grape variety in Fujian Province, accounts for the whole province's grape -growing areas to facility cultivation kyoto grape kind It 80% or so) is test material, plant growing way is close, and 1.5 × 2.0m of seeding row spacing, i.e. mu plant 220 plants.Medicament is using flourish bud list cyanogen 30 times of liquid processing of amine (50 % of active constituent content, Ningxia Darong Chemical and Metallurgy Co., Ltd.'s production).

1.2 experimental design

Carry out in the relatively uniform same a piece of vineyard of field management, every 5d is to carry out broken sleep a stage after the completion of winter pruning Processing, to spray clear water as control CK；The every processing of field trial sets 3 repetitions, is arranged using random district's groups, every 5 plants of grapes For 1 cell.Test group applies all bud eyes erased outside terminal bud using 30 times of liquid of flourish bud cyanamide.It is spaced apart 2 row grapes between every processing Plant, to reduce test error；Every 3d counts the phenological period that a different times handle grapevine seedling, every processing after spraying medicament 5 plants of trees statistics rudiment numbers, fruit branch number are randomly choosed, the indexs such as fruit quality and economic characters are analyzed.

2 results and analysis

2.1 different broken influences of the dormancy toeatment period to the kyoto grape phenological period

The different broken influence/moon-days (2017) of the dormancy toeatment period to the kyoto grape phenological period of table 1

According to the content of present invention, carries out broken sleep to (2017.2.3 ~ 2017.2.18) during rainwater in the beginning of spring of the twenty-four solar terms and urge The processing of bud, although 19 ~ 33d is postponed in the relatively control of processing time, time difference is gradually reduced between control and post-processing group, The reason is that latter temperature substantially gos up, root system comes into play, and promotes the growth of grapevine seedling items, accelerates growth rate, because This fruit complete ripeness lead time also substantially reduces, and only postpones 2 ~ 6d compared with the control, has no adverse effect to list marketing.

2.2 different broken influences of the dormancy toeatment period to kyoto grape rudiment quantity and quality

Different broken influences (2017) of the dormancy toeatment period to kyoto grape rudiment quantity and quality of table 2

After grape breaks dormancy vernalization, dormant state is broken, and plant starts rudiment and takes out the tip.The bud eye that early stage sprouts is less full, This phase pumping branch is thin and delicate, and fruit branch rate is relatively low.The bud eye that later period gradually sprouts is because its dormancy time is more sufficient, sprout development More preferably, bud eye is full, and pumping branch is healthy and strong, and even thickness is relatively also easy to produce inflorescence.Therefore, the beginning of spring in the twenty-four solar terms is selected Grape fruit branch quantity and quality have different degrees of raising after to the broken dormancy vernalization of development during rainwater, promote mentioning for plant yield It rises.

2.3 different broken influences of the dormancy toeatment period to kyoto grape fruit quality

Different broken influences (2017) of the dormancy toeatment period to kyoto grape fruit quality of table 3

As seen from Table 3, the processing in the beginning of spring of the twenty-four solar terms to the broken dormancy vernalization of development during rainwater, grape fruit quality are selected It is more excellent, show themselves in that fruit ear, fruit quality are larger, fruit soluble solids content and solid sour ratio are higher, whole flavor Preferably.Between different disposal except earliest period January 15, processing on January 20 and the solid sour ratio of control group fruit it is relatively low in addition to, other processing The solid sour ratio of fruit is higher, best in quality.This is also indicated that, is carried out processing according to the present invention and is well maintained kyoto grape fruit Built-in quality.

2.4 different broken influences of the dormancy toeatment period to kyoto grape yield and benefit

Different broken influences (2017) of the dormancy toeatment period to kyoto grape yield and benefit of table 4

The broken processing fructescence of sleeping of different times development is inconsistent, and productive manpower investment and fruit marketing fresh price are different, Simultaneously as different times handle the influence to grape at flower quality and quantity, also results in different disposal per mu yield and the output value is in Existing difference.Comprehensive analysis thinks: selecting to produce in the beginning of spring to the processing grape for carrying out broken dormancy vernalization during rainwater of the twenty-four solar terms Considerable, stay in grade is measured, income is higher.

The study result show that: south Fujian year-round average temperature >=20 DEG C area (hereinafter referred to as South Fujian Province) is outstanding It is facility cultivation garden, and winter accumulated temperature (≤7.2 DEG C of temperature) is insufficient, and Grape Dormancy condition cannot attain full and complete satisfaction, easily Cause rudiment irregular, bud eye is thin and weak, causes subsequent subalimentation that can not form normal inflorescence.It selects in the vertical of the twenty-four solar terms Spring may make grape bud eye germination rate to reach 79.4% to broken dormancy vernalization is carried out during rainwater, and fruit branch rate 81.8% promotes good South warms the rudiment of region grape and neatly, at flower fruit-setting rate improves, and economic benefit promotion etc. is promoted to play positive effect.

Due to the south of Fujian Province and after the similar weather conditions region Spring Festival, temperature maintains essentially in 10 DEG C or more, general broken processing 15 of sleeping ~ 20d can rudiment, therefore, normal year, which suitably postpones broken sleep, can promote grapevine seedling abundance suspend mode, promote to sprout neat, fruit Branch rate improves.Meanwhile if according to broken dormancy work is carried out in the existing cultivation management in Fujian immediately after the winter cuts, temperature condition is suitable for It sprouts rapidly afterwards, if encountering cold late spring after rudiment, the young tender shoots that has just sprouted eye is easily endured cold and dead, even if timely After adopting remedial measures, the postponement of current year fructescence will also result in, yield reduction, quality decline, economic benefit are badly damaged Etc. irreversible influence.Therefore, it is presently believed that the similar year-round average temperature >=20 DEG C area selection such as the south of Fujian Province is in the twenty-four solar terms The beginning of spring in embryo before and after solar term in the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), has circumvented the disasters such as cold spell in later spring to broken dormancy, grape is carried out during rainwater substantially at this time Property weather influence, normally well grown conducive to grape.

The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with Modification, is all covered by the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. the method that the regional grape in a kind of year samming >=20 DEG C breaks dormancy vernalization, it is characterised in that: the twenty-four solar terms the beginning of spring extremely During rainwater, dormancy vernalization processing is carried out brokenly to grape.

2. the method that the regional grape in a kind of year samming >=20 DEG C according to claim 1 breaks dormancy vernalization, it is characterised in that: institute The detailed process for the broken dormancy vernalization processing stated are as follows: after the completion of winter trims grape, select the beginning of spring of the twenty-four solar terms extremely During rainwater, all bud eyes erased outside terminal bud are applied using 30 times of liquid of flourish bud cyanamide.