CN111108994A

CN111108994A - Seedling breeding method for large sympodial bamboos

Info

Publication number: CN111108994A
Application number: CN201911382029.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙茂盛; 高健; 张宝胜; 张兴波
Original assignee: Pu'er Asia Bamboo And Rattan Expo Park Technology Development Co Ltd; International Center for Bamboo and Rattan; Southwest Forestry University
Current assignee: Pu'er Asia Bamboo And Rattan Expo Park Technology Development Co Ltd; International Center for Bamboo and Rattan; Southwest Forestry University
Priority date: 2019-12-27
Filing date: 2019-12-27
Publication date: 2020-05-08

Abstract

The invention provides a seedling breeding method of large sympodial bamboos, which comprises the steps of adopting a method of root connection and stalk burying, cutting a section from the back of a first section or a second section of a bamboo stalk base, keeping the stalks on the front side connected, digging a groove in front of the buried stalks, then removing the cut tips of the whole bamboo stalks, pressing down the cut tips into the groove, covering soil, and carrying out conventional seedling management after thorough watering. The seedling breeding method provided by the invention can thoroughly solve the problems of difficult rooting and low seedling breeding efficiency in the seedling breeding process of the bamboo embedded with stalks in the prior art, and has very important significance for batch production and popularization of the sympodial bamboo seedlings; compared with the existing seedling burying and controlling method, the seedling growing and breeding method provided by the invention has the advantages of high survival rate, simpler operation, good economy and strong practicability, and has very important significance on the production and popularization of high-quality seedlings of large-scale sympodial bamboos.

Description

Seedling breeding method for large sympodial bamboos

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of bamboo plant seedling culture and cultivation, and particularly relates to a seedling culture and propagation method of large sympodial bamboos.

Background

The large sympodial bamboos in China mainly comprise most of species of the genus phyllostachys and some of the species of the genus phyllostachys; the sympodial bamboo is characterized by having a thick and short underground stem called bamboo stump which is the base of the bamboo stalk. Buds on bamboo roots grow into bamboo shoots, the bamboo shoots grow into bamboo stalks, the new bamboos are generally close to the mother bamboos, and the overground parts of the new bamboos are in a dense cluster shape.

The traditional building materials in the southwest area of China are taken from large sympodial bamboo stalks of dendrocalamus latiflorus, and Boshi sweet dendrocalamus latiflorus is also a high-quality bamboo used as bamboo shoot and wood. At present, the seedling raising technology of global large-scale sympodial bamboos is commonly used for transplanting by stump division.

The transplanting of the bamboo stump needs to dig soil with the root stump, which causes irreversible damage to native growing areas, when the bamboo stump is popularized in mountain areas, especially digging bamboo stumps in places with large gradient is easy to cause water and soil loss, and digging and transporting the bamboo stumps can be completed only by strong labor of adult men, which wastes manpower and material resources. The transplanting with the stumps has the defects of difficult operation, inconvenient transportation, low propagation coefficient and the like, can not meet the market demand, and is not beneficial to the development of the bamboo industry.

However, the current propagation mode of forestation of large-scale sympodial bamboos is mainly stump transplanting, and the main reason is that for the large-scale sympodial bamboos, other asexual propagation modes including cutting seedling raising, tissue culture and the like have the defects of immature technology, low survival rate and propagation efficiency (even incapability of survival) and high requirements on operation technical level.

In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a seedling breeding method for large-scale sympodial bamboos.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for culturing seedlings of large-scale sympodial bamboos includes such steps as cutting the cross section of bamboo stalk from its back, connecting the front stalks, pressing the whole plant in bed, covering with soil, and conventional culturing seedlings after water is drained.

Specifically, the seedling breeding method has the advantages of simple operation, high survival rate and high breeding coefficient.

In the above technical scheme, the cut section accounts for 1/3-2/3 of the bamboo culm, preferably 1/2 of the bamboo culm.

Specifically, in the technical scheme, the smaller the section of the base part of the bamboo stalk is, the better the base part of the bamboo stalk is, the smaller the section is, the more sufficient the mother bamboo can supply nutrients for the bamboo seedlings, but the section cannot be too small, the bamboo stalk is easy to crack when the bamboo stalk is buried too small, and once the bamboo stalk is cracked, the survival rate of the bamboo seedlings is directly influenced, so the section needs to be proper.

Further, in the technical scheme, the coverage thickness of the soil is less than 5 cm.

Specifically, in the technical scheme, the bamboo belongs to a shallow root system plant, the root needs to be ventilated, the covered soil layer is too thick, and the growth of bamboo seedlings is not good.

In detail, in the technical scheme, the seedling breeding method specifically comprises the steps of cutting a section from the back of a first section or a second section of the base of a bamboo stalk by adopting a method of burying stalks with roots, keeping the stalks on the front side connected, digging a groove in front of the buried stalks, removing the cut tips of the whole bamboo stalk, pressing down the cut tips into the groove, covering soil, and carrying out conventional seedling management after watering thoroughly.

Still further, in the above technical solution, the bamboo is a bamboo of genus diaphysis having a low branch point; preferably bamboo of the genus Bambusae having branches at 2-3 branches on the ground.

Specifically, in the above technical scheme, the closer the buds on the bamboo culms are to the lower parts of the culms, the higher the survival rate is.

Specifically, in the technical scheme, the bamboo is 1-2 years old bamboo with hidden buds on joints, strong development and no plant diseases and insect pests and is in a bamboo bundle of more than 3 years old.

In detail, the hidden bud on the bamboo stalk is the hidden bud which is not germinated and is in a dormant state; selecting the bamboo which is normally developed and healthy and has no plant diseases and insect pests on the bamboo stalks.

Specifically, in the technical scheme, the diameter at breast height of the bamboo is larger than 6 cm.

Specifically, in the technical scheme, the length of the bamboo stalk of the bamboo is 6-8m

Still further, in the above technical scheme, the climatic conditions of the location of the bamboo seedbed are that the annual rainfall is more than 1000mm, the annual average temperature is 15-20 ℃, the extreme lowest temperature is higher than 0 ℃, the extreme highest temperature is lower than 42 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 70%.

In a preferred embodiment, the nursery garden site where the bamboo is located and the soil preparation are as follows:

selecting brick red soil, red soil, purple soil and the like with loose and fertile soil and pH value of 5-7 in a plot with elevation of 200-1400m, convenient traffic, leeward and sunny, flat terrain and fertile land, wherein the soil thickness is more than 60 cm; deeply ploughing soil, removing grass roots, stones and other impurities, leveling nursery lands, then ditching on site, wherein the depth and the width of a seedling bed are determined according to the size of bamboo stalks, the length is determined according to the height of the bamboo stalks, and a footpath of 30-40cm flows out between every two stalks.

Specifically, before breeding and seedling raising, the seedbed is disinfected and treated as follows: and uniformly mixing the seedbed with 4.5 percent of molinate powder and 2.5 percent of trichlorfon powder in proportion and mixing with soil, and spreading, wherein the spreading amount is 2.5 kg/mu.

Still further, in the above technical scheme, the conventional seedling management is specifically watering and draining in time, paying attention to shading, dressing urea 1-2 times per month, applying compound fertilizer 1 time per month with a single dosage of 15-20 kg/mu, and applying a dressing amount of 20-25 kg/mu for 9-10 months.

Specifically, in another preferred embodiment, the conventional seedling management comprises the specific steps of covering surface soil with a thickness of about 3cm after planting, spraying water, covering a sunshade net with a light transmittance of about 30%, and watering and draining water timely; gradually removing the sunshade net after the upper section buds of the bamboo stalks sprout, draw branches and unfold leaves, and uncovering the covering; after 2 months of transplantation, cutting off tips at the position 60-80cm higher than the stalks, and cutting off dense branches and leaves.

Still further, in the above technical scheme, the seedling breeding method further comprises the steps of only remaining 1-2 main lateral branches before the whole bamboo plant is pressed down, and cutting off the remaining lateral branches.

In detail, in an embodiment of the present invention, the method for breeding large sympodial bamboos includes the following steps:

s1, site selection and soil preparation of nursery lands: selecting brick red soil, red soil or purple soil with the pH value of 5-7, wherein the soil thickness is more than 60cm in a land block with the elevation of 200 plus 1400m, convenient traffic, leeward and sunny, flat terrain and fertile land, deeply ploughing the soil, removing grass roots, stones and other impurities, leveling the nursery land, ditching on the spot, determining the depth and width of a seedling bed according to the size of bamboo stalks, determining the length according to the height of the bamboo stalks, and enabling a footpath of 30-40cm to flow out between every two stalks;

s2, material treatment: selecting 1-2 year-old bamboo stalks of bamboo clumps of more than 3 years old in the genus of the giant bamboo, wherein the diameter of the breast is more than 6cm, the length of the remained overground part of the bamboo stalks is 2-2.5m, the branch points are positioned at 2-3 nodes of the overground part, hidden buds are arranged on the nodes, the bamboo stalks are strong in development and free of diseases and insect pests, cleaning the lateral branches of the bamboo stalks, reserving 1-2 nodes of main lateral branches, cutting 1/2 sections of the stalks from the back of the base parts of the stalk handles by using a sharp tool, and reserving the front 1/2 area to be connected with the stalks;

s3, planting technology: burying the bamboo stalks processed in the step S2 into seedling cultivation ditches on the spot, adopting a root-connecting stalk burying method according to the principle of 'deep digging, shallow planting, tight inside and loose outside', cutting a knife at the front and back of the root and stump base parts, pressing down the whole parent bamboo, pruning and cutting the shoots, pressing into a seedbed, and covering soil on the upper surface;

s4, seedling management: covering surface soil with the thickness of about 3cm after planting, drenching water, covering a sunshade net for shading by 70-80%, watering and draining water timely, gradually removing the sunshade net after the upper segment buds of the bamboo stalks sprout, branch and leaf spreading, uncovering the covering, cutting off tips at the position 60-80cm higher than the stalks after transplanting for 2 months, and cutting off dense branches and leaves.

The invention also provides application of the seedling breeding method in large-scale sympodial bamboo forests.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

(1) the seedling raising and breeding method of the large sympodial bamboos can thoroughly solve the problems of difficult rooting and low seedling raising efficiency in the seedling raising process of the bamboo species embedded with the stalks in the prior art, compared with the method for transplanting mother bamboos in the prior art, the seedling raising and breeding method provided by the invention has the advantages that the seedling raising efficiency is improved by more than 5 times, meanwhile, the seedling raising and breeding method provided by the invention can improve the survival rate of the embedded stalks of the bamboo species with low rooting rate of the embedded stalks to more than 65%, and has very important significance for batch production and popularization of the seedlings of the sympodial bamboos;

(2) compared with the existing method for burying the birth control seedling (the survival rate is about 30 percent), the seedling raising and breeding method for the large-scale sympodial bamboos, provided by the invention, has high survival rate of the seedlings with the roots and the stalks buried, and the required seedling raising conditions are simpler than those of the traditional method for burying the birth control seedling, and the traditional method for burying the birth control seedling needs to cut openings between bamboo joints, irrigate water and treat a covering film, is complex to operate and has low survival rate;

(3) the traditional method for burying the internode seedlings needs to consume a lot of manpower and material resources, the seedling breeding method of the large-scale sympodial bamboos selects the bamboo stalks with low branch points of more than 6cm, induces the internode adventitious buds to germinate, is convenient to operate, and improves the survival rate by more than 40%.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process diagram of a seedling raising and breeding method of large sympodial bamboos in the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and the examples.

The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified.

The materials used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

Examples

A seedling breeding method for Burmannia bougheri root-root stalk burying comprises the following steps:

in 3 months, root-connecting stalk-burying seedling-raising tests of Boehmeria strichmanensis are carried out in Yunxing gardening nursery in Puer city Cistus area of Yunnan province and nursery land of Puer Asian bamboo vine exhibition garden scientific and technological development limited company of Yunnan province.

Firstly, selecting brick red soil, red soil, purple soil and the like with loose and fertile soil and pH value of 5-7 in a plot with convenient traffic, leeward and sunny, flat terrain and fertile land, wherein the soil thickness is more than 60 cm; deeply ploughing soil, removing grass roots, stones and other impurities, and leveling the garden.

As shown in figure 1, Bo's sweet dragon bamboo with diameter at breast height of 6cm or more and 1-2 years old of more than 3 years old bamboo bundle is selected. And 3 months before the test starts, cutting off the tips of the selected dendrocalamus latiflorus as a collected bamboo bundle, and fully developing buds on bamboo stalk branches. After the test is started, selecting the bamboo stalks which are strong in development, free of diseases and insect pests and full in lateral branch growth, reserving overground parts of the bamboo stalks with the length of 2-2.5m, cleaning the lateral branches and reserving 1-2 sections of main lateral branches.

Then, ditching on site, wherein the depth and the width of the seedling bed are determined according to the size of the bamboo stalks, the length is determined according to the height of the bamboo stalks, and a footpath of 30-40cm flows out between every two stalks. Cutting 1/2 stalk section from the back of the stalk handle base with sharp tool, keeping front 1/2 area of stalk connected, pressing down the whole mother bamboo, pruning and cutting the tip, pressing into seedbed, covering soil on the top, the soil thickness is not more than 5 cm.

After covering the soil, spraying water thoroughly, covering a sunshade net to cover 70-80%, and timely watering and draining water. After the bud sprouts, branches and leaves are spread, the sunshade net is gradually removed, and the covering is uncovered.

After the stalks are buried for 2 months, tips are cut off at the position 60-80cm higher than the stalks, and dense branches and leaves are cut off.

The seedling test of the dendrocalamus bergiensis is carried out in 2018, 3 months. The experiment adopts 3 seedling raising methods, selects 3 mother bamboos with different bamboo ages, and concretely shows in table 1 below, each group treats 6 bamboo stalks, each stalk has 5 bamboo joints with side branches, the bamboo joints at two ends of the bamboo stalks are not counted, and the process is repeated for 3 times.

TABLE 1 seedling test design table for Boshi Dendrocalamus

After the above test for 30 days, the germination percentage of the seedling raising test is investigated, and the shoot emergence rate, the shoot withdrawal rate and the survival rate are investigated after 60 days. The results of the individual indexes of the germination rate, bamboo shoot emergence rate, bamboo shoot withdrawal rate and survival rate 4 of the combined stem-burying seedling culture of the Bo's sweet dragon bamboo seedling culture test are shown in the following table 2.

TABLE 2 Table of the seedling test results of Boshi Dendrocalamus

The results in the table 2 are analyzed, and the average germination rate of the treatment combination of the dendrocalamus bergiensis seedling raising test group is 28.89-95.56%, the highest germination rates are No. 2 (2-year-old root-connected stalk-buried) and No. 8 (2-year-old stump-separated), and the lowest germination rate is No. 6 (3-year-old root-free stalk-buried); the average shoot rate is 24.44-93.33%, the highest shoot rate is No. 8 (2-year-old stump), and the lowest shoot rate is No. 6 (3-year-old no-root stalk); the average bamboo shoot withdrawal rate is 6.67-17.78%, the highest bamboo shoot withdrawal rate is No. 5 (no root is buried in 2 years), and the lowest bamboo shoot withdrawal rate is No. 7 (stump division in 1 year); the average survival rate is 15.56-74.44%, the highest survival rate is No. 8 (2 years of stump division), and the lowest survival rate is No. 6 (3 years of rootless stalk burying). The results of table 2 were analyzed for variance to obtain the risk probability of each observation index, and the results are shown in table 3 below.

TABLE 3 analysis table of risk probability (F test P value) of seedling raising test of Boehmeria glauca

The significance level of the mean difference was 0.01, and the significance level of the mean difference was 0.05.

The results in table 3 are analyzed, and it is found that the germination rate, the shoot initiation rate, the shoot withdrawal rate and the survival rate of the dendrocalamus bergiensis seedling raising test have very significant differences in seedling raising methods, and the germination rate, the shoot initiation rate, the shoot withdrawal rate and the survival rate have no significant differences in bamboo age.

The LSD test of the survival rate of the dendrocalamus burgdorferi seedling test was performed, and the results are shown in table 4 below.

TABLE 4 LSD test table for survival rate of seedling of Boshi Dendrocalamus

*. the significance level of the mean difference was 0.5.

The results in table 4 show that the survival rate of the seedling raising method has very significant difference between each level, but the survival rate of the bamboo age has no significant difference between each level, so the optimal combination of the survival rate of the buried stalks in the test is A1B2, namely the seedling raising method of 2a with roots and buried stalks.

Finally, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like of the present invention without inventive faculty within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention for the ordinary skilled person in the art.

Claims

1. A method for culturing seedlings and reproducing large sympodial bamboos is characterized by comprising the steps of cutting a section from the back of a bamboo stalk base by adopting a method of burying stalks with roots, keeping the stalks on the front side connected, pressing the whole plant into a seedbed and covering soil after being pressed down, and carrying out conventional seedling culturing management after watering thoroughly.

2. A seedling breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cut section is 1/3-2/3 of the bamboo culm, preferably 1/2 of the bamboo culm;

and/or the coverage thickness of the soil is less than 5 cm.

3. A seedling raising and breeding method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a method of burying stalks with roots is adopted, the section is cut from the back of the first section or the second section of the base part of the bamboo stalk, the stalks on the front side are kept connected, a groove is dug in front of the buried stalks, then the cut ends of the whole bamboo stalk are pruned, pressed into the groove and covered with soil, and after water is thoroughly poured, conventional seedling raising management is carried out.

4. A seedling raising and breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the bamboo is a bamboo of the genus diaphysis or phyllostachys with low branch points; preferably bamboo of the genus Bambusae having branches at 2-3 nodes on the ground.

5. A seedling raising and propagation method according to claim 4, wherein the bamboo is a 1-2 year old bamboo having a node with saphenous bud, strong development and no plant diseases and insect pests and having a 3 year old or more bamboo clump.

6. The method for breeding seedlings according to claim 4,

the diameter at breast height of the bamboo is larger than 6 cm;

and/or the bamboo has a bamboo stalk length of 6-8 m.

7. A seedling raising and propagation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the climatic conditions of the locus of the seedbed of the bamboo are that the annual rainfall is more than 1000mm, the annual average temperature is 15 to 20 ℃, the lowest extreme temperature is higher than 0 ℃, the highest extreme temperature is lower than 42 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 70%.

8. A seedling breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the conventional seedling management is to timely water and drain, pay attention to shading, apply urea 1 time per month, the single dose is 15-20 kg/mu, apply compound fertilizer 1 time per 9-10 months, the application amount is 20-25 kg/mu.

9. A seedling raising and breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising leaving only 1 to 2 main lateral branches before the whole bamboo plant is pressed down, and cutting off the remaining lateral branches.

10. Use of a seedling propagation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 in large sympodial bamboo forests.