CN111713369B

CN111713369B - Method for updating slash pine under forest stand

Info

Publication number: CN111713369B
Application number: CN202010620163.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘振华; 童方平; 李贵; 陈瑞; 吴敏
Original assignee: Hunan Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Hunan Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2020-06-30
Filing date: 2020-06-30
Publication date: 2022-04-26
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-30
Also published as: CN111713369A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for updating a slash pine under forest stand, which comprises the following steps: firstly, thinning a wet land pine forest with forest stand canopy density of more than 0.7, cleaning a forest land, preparing the land, selecting schima superba, taxus chinensis and phoenix as updated tree species, planting the schima superba, taxus chinensis and taxus chinensis in the upper middle part of the forest land, cultivating the updated tree species once in the current 10-11 months, cultivating stumps once in the second 9-10 months, and cultivating once in the third year. The method provided by the invention provides key measures such as selection of updated tree species, tree species configuration, forest stand intermediate cutting, tending management and the like, fills the blank of selection and operation management of updated tree species under the slash pine pure forest, provides technical support for updating the slash pine pure forest stand, and has the advantages of popular and easy-to-understand technology, strong operability, larger technical result transformation potential and wide application prospect.

Description

Method for updating slash pine under forest stand

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of forest stand updating, and particularly relates to a method for updating under wet land pine forest stands.

Background

The wet land pine (Pinus elliotitii Engelm) is a fast-growing evergreen arbor of Pinaceae Pinus, has drought resistance, waterlogging resistance and barren resistance, has good adaptability and stress resistance, is one of main afforestation tree species in southern China, has nearly hundred million mu of planting area at present, is often used as fast-growing afforestation tree species, and has good ecological benefit and economic benefit. At present, researches on slash pine mainly focus on seedling raising, afforestation technology and fine variety breeding. Pine wilt disease caused by pine nematodes has been recently called cancer of pine, a devastating disease. Since its discovery in 1982, rapid diffusion has posed a devastating threat to pines in millions of hectares in south China. In addition, the large-area slash pine pure forest is easily damaged by pine caterpillars and has poor ecological stability. With the improvement of living standard of people, the demand of conventional timber such as pine is less and less, people pursue high-grade precious timber, so the transformation task of large-area slash pine pure forest is urgent. At present, research on the updating aspect of the slash pine forest is not available, and the updating of the slash pine forest stand is limited by difficulties in selection, configuration mode, thinning management and the like of interplanted tree species in the slash pine forest.

At present, the research on slash pine mainly focuses on the aspects of fine variety breeding, nursery stock breeding, afforestation technology, large-diameter-grade material cultivation and the like of properties such as paper pulp materials and high fat yield. The transformation research on the existing large-area pure slash pine forest is very little, and particularly, the selection of interplanted tree species under the pure slash pine forest, the thinning strength of forest stands and the report of the configuration of the interplanted tree species are almost blank, so that the urgent requirements of the transformation of the existing slash pine forest stands cannot be met.

In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: the factors of choice and configuration of the tree species to be updated under the slash pine, the forest intermediate cutting strength, the forest intermediate cutting time selection and the like limit the production, popularization and application of the update under the slash pine forest, and no report of the update under the slash pine forest is available at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above mentioned disadvantages and drawbacks of the background art and to provide a method for updating slash pine under pure forest stand.

A method for under-forest updating of slash pine comprises the following steps:

(1) forest stand intermediate cutting: thinning the slash pine stand with the stand canopy density of more than 0.7, and removing the trees with the stem not straight or the pressed trees;

(2) and (3) updating tree species for afforestation: cleaning a forest land, preparing the land, and selecting the schima superba, the taxus chinensis and the phoebe bournei as updated tree species, wherein the schima superba is planted in the middle of the forest land, the phoebe bournei and the taxus chinensis are planted in the middle and lower part of the forest land and in a place with a deep soil layer, and after planting, the plants are discovered to be dead and lack;

(3) tending management: the method comprises the following steps of refreshing tree species for afforestation once in 10-11 months in the current year, and comprises the steps of loosening soil, weeding, ridging, topdressing and replanting; the method comprises the steps of carrying out uprooting and stump cultivation once in 9-10 months in the second year of tree species afforestation, wherein weeding, loosening the soil, stump cultivation, seedling growth and green burying are carried out; and 4, the tree species is renewed for forestation and is hoe and stroked once in the third year.

The schima superba, the taxus chinensis and the phoebe bournei are precious wood tree species, have high economic value and stronger shade resistance in the seedling stage, and are suitable for planting under forest; the wood lotus has strong barren resistance, can grow well in places with poor soil fertility, the taxus chinensis and the phoebe bournei grow in places with good water and fertilizer requirements, generally, the fertility of the middle upper part of a forest land is poorer than that of the middle lower part, so that the wood lotus is selected to be in the middle upper part of the forest land, and the 'proper tree' is realized. The hoe, pacify and stump cultivation mainly influences the removal of the miscellaneous irrigation around the growth of the renewed tree species, and has the functions of protecting the biodiversity and reducing the influence on the habitat of wild animals compared with the conventional comprehensive pacifying (all non-target tree species are cut).

In the above method, preferably, in the step (1), the slash pine forest stand is selected from slash pine pure forest in subtropical mountain or hilly land with an altitude of 100-.

Preferably, in the step (1), the strength of one-time thinning is 15-35% of the total number of the forest stand, and the canopy density of the forest stand after thinning is kept at 0.6-0.7.

Preferably, in the step (2), the forest cleaning includes the following steps: impurities are removed and weed is removed within the range of 1 square meter around the hole edge, and the wound vine under the forest which influences the growth of trees is cut off. The principle of forest land cleaning is to destroy original forest vegetation as little as possible on the premise of satisfying the reconstruction planting. A cleaning mode of comprehensive mountain splitting, mountain refining and full reclamation is strictly forbidden, so that the species can be protected, and the organic matters of the soil can be increased.

Preferably, in the step (2), the land preparation comprises the following steps: planting holes according to row spacing and plant spacing, then digging holes, wherein the hole digging specification is as follows: 60 x 50cm, and 250g-300g of compound fertilizer is applied to each hole; placing surface soil on two sides of planting hole, placing core soil on the downhill position of planting hole, applying compound fertilizer as base fertilizer before planting, removing stone and grass root on surface soil on two sides of planting hole, loosening soil until planting hole is nearly nine times, and fully planting, and digging 60-70 holes per mu. In order to not destroy the original ecological environment and be beneficial to water and soil conservation, an artificial hole opening and soil preparation method is adopted, the soil preparation time is preferably not too early and not too late, the row spacing is arranged along the horizontal direction of a contour line, and the holes are planted according to the plant spacing between the rows.

Preferably, in the step (2), the ground diameter of the wood lotus is 0.5cm, and the height of the seedlings is more than 70 cm; the taxus mairei is a 2-year-old light-matrix container seedling, the ground diameter is 0.5cm, and the height of the seedling is more than 60 cm; the Phoebe bournei is a light medium container seedling growing for 2 years, the ground diameter is 0.6cm, and the height of the seedling is more than 70 cm.

Preferably, in the step (2), planting is carried out in rainy days after rain is permeated, the root system is smooth during planting, root nesting is prevented, seedlings need to be righted, and deep planting is carried out properly; the light-matrix container seedlings can be directly planted without removing the nutrition bags, and the seedlings are lightly lifted and then compacted; after planting for 40 days, the survival condition of the nursery stock is comprehensively checked, and the survival quality after afforestation is ensured when the fact that dead plants and lack plants are timely replanted is found.

Preferably, in the step (3), the tending specifically comprises the following steps: weeding, loosening the soil, ridging, digging shallow trenches with the depth of 5-10cm on two sides of the vertical projection line direction of the crown, uniformly applying fertilizer into the trenches, and covering with soil, wherein the standard of topdressing is 150-180 g of compound fertilizer per hole; the depth of the hoe and stroking is 15-20 cm.

Preferably, the second thinning is carried out 8 years after the new tree species is planted, the thinning strength is 15% -35% of the total plants in the forest stand, the third thinning is carried out 15 years after the new tree species is planted, and 30-35 plants/mu of the slash pine are reserved after the third thinning and are used as large-diameter grades for cultivation.

Preferably, the pest control is carried out on the slash pine forest stand regularly, and the common pests and diseases of the phoebe bournei are as follows: the prevention and control method for the shoot-borers comprises the following steps: and (3) diluting the mixture with the dimethoate emulsion in the last 4 th of the month, and spraying the diluted mixture (more preferably 400-600 times of the dimethoate emulsion with 40%) to young shoots to kill larvae in the young shoots.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the method provided by the invention provides more appropriate key measures such as selection of updated tree species, tree species configuration, forest stand intermediate cutting, tending management and the like for the problem of updating the pure slash pine forest stand in subtropical low mountains and hilly areas, the updated tree species is well developed, the blank of selection and operation management of the updated tree species in the pure slash pine forest stand is filled, technical support is provided for updating the pure slash pine forest stand, the technology is popular and easy to understand, the operability is strong, the method has a large technical result conversion potential, and the application prospect is wide.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for updating the slash pine pure forest under forest.

Detailed Description

In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.

Example 1:

the process of the method for updating the forest of the slash pine under the forest stand is shown as a figure 1.

(1) The implementation place is as follows: liuyang city liuyang lake forest farm

(2) The implementation time is as follows: 1-2019 in 2014

(3) The implementation scheme is as follows:

selecting forest stands: selecting a small class of slash pine pure forest which is located in a forest field of Liuyang lake in Liuyang city and has the elevation of 200-300m, the canopy density of the forest stand is 0.8, the forest age is 22 years, the density of the forest stand is 100 plants/mu, and the soil layer thickness of the forest land is 60cm on average.

Cutting forest stand: thinning the trees with stem not straight and pressed, thinning strength is 25% of total number of plants, keeping the canopy density after thinning at about 0.6, and keeping 70-75 plants/mu.

Clearing forest lands: cleaning small blocks, removing impurities and weeds within the range of 1 square meter around the hole edge, and cutting off the vine irrigation which is wound and influences the growth of trees.

Preparing soil and planting: digging holes in 1 month late ten days in 2014, wherein the hole digging specification is as follows: 60X 50 cm; before planting, 250g of compound fertilizer is applied to each hole as base fertilizer, stones and grass roots on surface soil on two sides of the hole are removed, then soil is loosened until the planting holes are nearly nine times to be full of plants, and 70 holes are dug per mu; planting in 2014 3 months, planting 25 plants/mu of Logania japonica at the ridge and the upper part of the forest land, planting 25 plants/mu of Phoebe Min at the middle lower part of the forest land, and planting 20 plants/mu of Taxus chinensis var mairei in the southern area of mountain foot and valley; the specification of the nursery stock is as follows: the ground diameter of the schima superba is 0.5cm, and the height of the seedling is 70 cm; taxus chinensis var mairei, 2-year-old container seedlings of light matrix, with the ground diameter of 0.5cm and the height of 60 cm; the Phoebe bournei grows 2 years of light medium container seedlings, the ground diameter is 0.6cm, and the height of the seedlings is 70 cm.

Tending management: tending once in 10 months in 2014, and topdressing 150g of compound fertilizer in each hole; hoeing and stroking the stump for 1 time in 2015 9 months, weeding and loosening the soil, stump culture and seedling establishment, green burying and the like; in 2016, hoe and stroking once in 8 months, pruning the Phoebe bournei, and reserving one trunk.

(4) The implementation results are as follows: the average height of the 5-year-old schima superba is 4.5cm, and the average breast diameter is 4.2 cm; the average height of the 5-year-old Phoebe bournei is 4.2cm, and the average chest diameter is 3.8 cm; the average height of 5-year-old taxus mairei is 2.3cm, and the average chest diameter is 2.7 cm. And (3) carrying out secondary thinning after 8 years of afforestation of the updated tree species, wherein the thinning strength is 15% -35% of the total number of the tree stand, carrying out tertiary thinning after 15 years of afforestation of the updated tree species, and reserving 30 pieces/mu of slash pine after the tertiary thinning for cultivation as a large-diameter grade material.

Example 2:

(1) The implementation place is as follows: two tablet county Longland national forest farms

(2) The implementation time is as follows: 3 months-2019 months in 2015

(3) The implementation scheme is as follows:

selecting forest stands: selecting a small-lot slash pine pure forest with an average altitude of 400m, a forest stand canopy density of 0.7, a forest age of 15 years, a forest stand density of 110 plants/mu and an average forest soil layer thickness of 50cm, wherein the small-lot slash pine pure forest is located in a forest farm garden working area of a double-brand county Longshou country.

Cutting forest stand: thinning out the trees with stem not straight and pressed, thinning out the trees with 30% strength of total plants, keeping the canopy density at about 0.6 after thinning out, and keeping 75-80 plants/mu.

Preparing soil and planting: digging holes in 1 month and 1 ten days in 2015, wherein the hole digging specification is as follows: 60X 50 cm; before planting, 250g of compound fertilizer is applied to each hole as base fertilizer, stones and grass roots on surface soil on two sides of the hole are removed, then soil is loosened until the planting holes are nearly nine times to be full of plants, and 70 holes are dug per mu; and 3 months in 2015, planting 20 plants/mu of Chinese flowering plants on the ridge and the upper part of the forest land, planting 30 plants/mu of phoebe bournei on the middle lower part of the forest land, and planting 20 plants/mu of taxus chinensis in south China in the mountain foot and valley regions.

Tending management: tending once in 2015 in 10 months, and dressing 150g of compound fertilizer in each hole; hoeing and stroking the stump for 1 time in 2016 for 9 months, weeding and loosening the soil, cultivating the stump and growing seedlings, burying green and the like; and 4, hoeing and stroking once in 8 months in 2017, pruning the Phoebe bournei, and reserving one trunk.

(4) The implementation results are as follows: the average height of the 4-year-old schima superba is 3.2cm, and the average breast diameter is 2.9 cm; the average height of the 4-year-old Phoebe bournei is 2.9cm, and the average chest diameter is 3.1 cm; the average height of 4-year-old taxus mairei is 1.8cm, and the average chest diameter is 2.1 cm. And (3) carrying out secondary thinning after 8 years of afforestation of the updated tree species, wherein the thinning strength is 15% -35% of the total number of the tree stand, carrying out tertiary thinning after 15 years of afforestation of the updated tree species, and reserving 30 pieces/mu of slash pine after the tertiary thinning for cultivation as a large-diameter grade material.

Claims

1. A method for under-forest updating of slash pine is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) forest stand intermediate cutting: thinning the slash pine stand with the stand canopy density of more than 0.7, and removing the trees with the stem not straight or the pressed trees; selecting a pure slash pine forest, a middle aged forest and a forest land with the soil layer thickness of more than 50cm from a slash pine forest in subtropical mountainous or hilly areas with the altitude of 100-800 m; the strength of one-time thinning is 15% -35% of the total number of the forest stand, and the canopy density of the forest stand after thinning is kept at 0.6-0.7;

(2) and (3) updating tree species for afforestation: cleaning a forest land, preparing the land, and selecting the schima superba, the taxus chinensis and the phoebe bournei as updated tree species, wherein the schima superba is planted in the middle of the forest land, the nanmu and the taxus chinensis are in the middle and lower part of the forest land, and after planting, the plants are found to be dead and lack; the land preparation comprises the following steps: planting holes according to row spacing and plant spacing, then digging holes, wherein the hole digging specification is as follows: 60 x 50cm, and 250g-300g of compound fertilizer is applied to each hole; placing surface soil on two sides of the planting hole, placing core soil on the downhill of the planting hole, applying compound fertilizer as base fertilizer before planting, removing stones and grass roots on the surface soil on two sides of the planting hole, and loosening soil until the planting hole is nearly nine times full for planting, wherein 60-70 holes are dug per mu; the ground diameter of the schima superba is 0.5cm, and the height of the schima superba is more than 70 cm; the taxus mairei is a 2-year-old light-matrix container seedling, the ground diameter is 0.5cm, and the height of the seedling is more than 60 cm; the Phoebe bournei is a light medium container seedling growing for 2 years, the ground diameter is 0.6cm, and the height of the seedling is more than 70 cm;

(3) tending management: the method comprises the following steps of refreshing tree species for afforestation once in 10-11 months in the current year, and comprises the steps of loosening soil, weeding, ridging, topdressing and replanting; the method comprises the steps of carrying out uprooting and stump cultivation once in 9-10 months in the second year of tree species afforestation, wherein weeding, loosening the soil, stump cultivation, seedling growth and green burying are carried out; the tree species is updated and forested for one time in the third year; the tending method specifically comprises the following steps: weeding, loosening the soil, ridging, digging shallow trenches with the depth of 5-10cm on two sides of the vertical projection line direction of the crown, uniformly applying fertilizer into the trenches, and covering with soil, wherein the standard of topdressing is 150-180 g of compound fertilizer per hole; the hoeing depth is 15-20 cm; and (3) carrying out secondary thinning after 8 years of afforestation of the updated tree seeds, wherein the thinning strength is 15% -35% of the total number of plants in the forest stand, carrying out tertiary thinning after 15 years of afforestation of the updated tree seeds, and reserving 30-35 plants/mu of the slash pine after the tertiary thinning.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the forest cleaning comprises the following steps: impurities are removed and weed is removed within the range of 1 square meter around the hole edge, and the wound vine under the forest which influences the growth of trees is cut off.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the planting is carried out in rainy days after rain penetration, the root system is smooth during the planting, the root nest is prevented, the seedling is righted, and the deep planting is carried out properly; the light-matrix container seedlings can be directly planted without removing the nutrition bags, and the seedlings are lightly lifted and then compacted; after planting for 40 days, the survival condition of the nursery stock is comprehensively checked, and the plants which are dead and lack are timely replanted.

4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein pest control is carried out on the slash pine stands on a regular basis and the control of shoot-eating weevils is carried out by: spraying young shoots after diluting with dimethoate emulsion in the last 4 th of month, and killing larvae in the young shoots.