CN104488643A - Method for cultivating Paris polyphylla through walnut forest lands - Google Patents

Method for cultivating Paris polyphylla through walnut forest lands Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104488643A
CN104488643A CN201510007988.9A CN201510007988A CN104488643A CN 104488643 A CN104488643 A CN 104488643A CN 201510007988 A CN201510007988 A CN 201510007988A CN 104488643 A CN104488643 A CN 104488643A
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paris polyphylla
walnut
soil
forest land
woods
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CN104488643B (en
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龚范武
王萍
陈灵
罗先权
彭静
龚舟
彭信海
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HONGJIANG XUEFENG PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.
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FOREST BOTANICAL GARDEN HUNAN PROV
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

An embodiment of the invention discloses a method for cultivating Paris polyphylla through walnut forest lands. The method comprises the steps of plantation building and Paris polyphylla cultivation. The plantation building comprises site selection, soil preparation and forestation. The Paris polyphylla cultivation comprises seedling transplantation, field management and harvesting. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that reasonable arrangement of Paris polyphylla is emphasized, the resource utilization rate is improved greatly, the production cost is reduced effectively, the Paris polyphylla yield is improved, and the ecological environment is protected.

Description

A kind of method utilizing walnut forest land to cultivate paris polyphylla
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop genetics field, more specifically, relate to a kind of cultivation method of medicinal plant.
Background technology
Paris polyphylla (Paris polyphylla Smith), belongs to Liliaceae (Liliaceae) Paris (Paris) herbaceos perennial.In China, medicinal history is long, is a kind of important rare traditional Chinese medicine, is used as medicine with rhizome, is one of the main component of Yunnan Baiyao, Sichuan antivirus powder, jidesheng sheyao tablets, Gong Xue Ning, the heat poison famous Chinese patent drug such as clear.Natural paris polyphylla is distributed in Tibet Autonomous Region (southeast), Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou Province at home, be distributed in Bhutan, Sillim, Nepal and Vietnam abroad, under being born in the evergreen broad-leaved forest of height above sea level 1800 ~ 3200m, theropencedrymion, dark and damp place, hillside and scrub forest.Paris polyphylla belongs to ombrophyte, and have the habit of " Yi Yin fears solarization, happiness is wet avoid dry ", degree of shading suitable in its process of growth 60% ~ 70%, should avoid high light direct projection, but oblique fire or scattering luminous energy effectively promote that it grows fast.
Along with the fast development of Chinese Medicine Industry and increasing considerably of tcm clinical practice medication, price of medicinal material increases substantially, have stimulated the enthusiasm that medicinal herb grower excavates, long-term predatoriness is continuously excavated and is made wild resource fewer and feweri, pharmacy corporation also increases substantially purchasing price, and present purchasing price is more than 500 yuan/kilogram.At present, domestic market demand amount reaches about 3000 tons, and existing supply is only more than 1500 ton, and disparities between supply and demand are given prominence to; therefore, carry out artificial cultivation technique research, can fundamentally solve the market source of goods in short supply; alleviate imbalance between supply and demand, also can play protection wild resource simultaneously, walk Sustainable Development Road.
At present, the cultivation of paris polyphylla often adopts the method for facility cultivation.Set up cool canopy before transplantation, beat cave by 2.5 × 2.5m and plant stake, select degree of shading be 70% sunshade net fix, cool canopy height is apart from ground about 1.8m.Selection physical features is smooth, draining is convenient, containing humus and organic higher loose sand loam, autumn and winter by soil deep tillage 20 ~ 25cm, in conjunction with whole every mu of farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg executing to become thoroughly decomposed, superphosphate 40kg ploughs under in soil and makes base manure, shallow plowing thin rake leveling bedding again before planting, furrow face width 120cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, ditch height 25cm.Plant after falling seedling with late October to late November seedling season and just can transplant.By seeding row spacing 15cm × 15cm, dark 5 ~ 6cm trench digging plants seedling, after field planting, covers furrow face with mountain grass or pine needle.Field management, water in time during arid, timely draining in rainy season, prevents field ponding and brings out disease, and topdress in good time, intertill and clean tillage loosens the soil and prevention and elimination of disease and pests.Planting seed is emerged and is gathered for latter 9 years, gathers after Propagation of Rhizomes plantation 3-5.In March in annual October to next year, excavate after terrestrial stem is withered.The rhizome cutting band terminal bud is used as to plant, and remainder cleans earth, and removing fibrous root and cauline leaf, be cut into the thin slice of 5mm, dryness in the sun or oven dry (Yang Bin etc., the cultivation of Yunnan Paris polyphylla and Appropriate application).
The cost of Artificial facilities cultivation paris polyphylla is higher, and difficulty meets the environmental condition of paris polyphylla growth.Select cultivation under woods, utilize existing forest land, forest land availability can be improved, reduce the consumption of wild resource, protection of the environment.Therefore, select suitable cultivation forest land, carry out the technical research of cultivation under woods, seem particularly important.
Forest economy makes full use of existing sylvan life land resources and Lin Yin advantage, is engaged in the three-dimensional laminating production operation such as sylvan life cultivation, plantation, thus makes the ecological agricultural model that each industry of Agriculture, forestry And Animal Husbandry realizes resource-sharing, has complementary advantages, forms a circle, develops in harmony.Woods medicine pattern is the one in forest economy pattern, so-called woods medicine pattern be exactly on slash between plant the medicinal plant of comparatively resistance to shade.In woods pharmacopoeia implant model, in order to realize the efficiency utilization of resource, cost is reduced, per mu yield improves, and have two below the key element that must consider: 1, the determination of forest land vegetation, the crop varieties type of selection must be arranged in pairs or groups with another crop; 2, forest land vegetation and medicinal plant layout, rational layout is conducive to reducing the Competitive assays between crop, strengthens synergy, is conducive to the field operation of small-sized machine simultaneously.Research at present for the underwood planting of paris polyphylla has bibliographical information (Zhang Wei, paris polyphylla GAP underwood planting and the research of artificial propagation promoting culture technique), in this literary composition, author is in order to improve the transplanting survival rate of paris polyphylla, compare the survival rate (Gong Fanwu of some sylvan life paris polyphyllas, paris polyphylla seed seedling-raising technical research), result of study shows in walnut sylvan life transplanting paris polyphylla survival rate higher, but not yet forms systematic cultivation method.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides the cultivation method of the standardized paris polyphylla under a kind of walnut forest land, from the addressing of growing area, to the foundation of walnut woods, the cultivation of paris polyphylla, realizes omnidistance standardization, and rational deployment of the present invention has taken into full account the optimum growing condition of two kinds of crops, realize maximum resource utilization, while reducing costs, make the output increased of paris polyphylla.Cultivation method of the present invention specifically comprises following various method steps:
One, the construction in plantation
(1) addressing: selection height above sea level is 500m ~ 1100m, year-round average temperature is 10 DEG C ~ 13 DEG C, frost-free season more than 240d, annual rainfall 1400mm ~ 1600mm, relative air humidity is greater than 75%, soil pH value 5.5 ~ 7.0, heavy metal content in soil meets the region (GB 15618-2008) of standard of soil environment quality.
(2) wholely: after choosing planting area, remove ground assorted filling, weeds and foreign material, deep-cut 30cm, by fertile for the oil cake of fermentation maturity 100kg/667m 2or fertilizer 200kg/667m 2be sprinkling upon on forest land equably, then dig, in small, broken bits, leveling, spray bordeaux mixture sterilization, then according to landform bedding, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 20cm, ditch mud is smashed and is layered on furrow face in time planting.
(3) woods is built: namely plant walnut woods, by seeding row spacing 4 × 4m, by the method establishment walnut woods of nursery stock transplanting, carry out field management according to a conventional method, after 4 ~ 5 years, the crown density of walnut woods can be made to reach 0.64-0.68.
Two, the cultivation of paris polyphylla
(1) transplantation of seedlings is planted: when the crown density of walnut woods reach 0.64-0.68, can in March to April or October then to December, by the seedling plumule that cultivates upwards, radicle is downward, after blinding, the fertilizer 250g such as chaff shell, animal dung of fermentation maturity of spreading manuer in holes, waters permeable, furrow face covers pine needle, straw or wood sawdust, and thickness is advisable not reveal soil.
(2) field management: annual February to March acrial part be unearthed before and each spraying fertilizer in peak period 1 time of nourishing and growing May to June; The fertilizer 100g that the chaff shell that fermentation maturity is executed in every strain adds animal dung 50g or becomes thoroughly decomposed, carries out foliar application in June to July with 0.5% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, every 15 days 1 time, sprays 3 times continuously; Should water permeable after planting, bud seedling should not water before being unearthed; After emerging, furrow face and soil will keep moistening; Rainy season should manage ditch in time; Should water in time during the soil drought of furrow face, non-irrigated condition suitably should thicken furrow face covering; Annual weeding 2 to 3 times; Weeding and loosening the soil is carried out simultaneously.
(3) gather: plant after 5 years, in March in annual October to next year, select fine day, first cut off cauline leaf, then excavate from the side with clean hoe, dig out rhizome, remove earth, fibrous root, thick person is cut into 2 pieces ~ 4 pieces, dries or dries at 30 DEG C ~ 65 DEG C temperature, moisture controls 10% ~ 12%, by storage or sale after dry product packing.
When layout is carried out to walnut and paris polyphylla, the best environment that shelters from heat or light is obtained in order to make paris polyphylla, paris polyphylla cultivated area is less than walnut forest land area, the cultivated area of paris polyphylla accounts for 80% ~ 85% of walnut forest land, and the planting area of paris polyphylla is positioned at the center of walnut forest land.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
One, the construction in plantation
(1) addressing: at the Xia Xuegu of the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Deqen of the northwestward, Yunnan Province.
(2) wholely: after choosing planting area, remove ground assorted filling, weeds and foreign material, deep-cut 30cm, by fertile for the oil cake of fermentation maturity according to 100kg/667m 2consumption be sprinkling upon on forest land equably, then dig, in small, broken bits, leveling, spray bordeaux mixture sterilization, then according to landform bedding, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 20cm, ditch mud is smashed and is layered on furrow face in time planting.
(3) woods is built: set up walnut woods by transplanting seedling, transplanting season is cloudy day by the end of February, and by seeding row spacing 4 × 4m, after walnut woods grows 5 years, crown density reach 0.65.
Two, the cultivation of paris polyphylla
(1) transplantation of seedlings is planted: when walnut woods crown density reach 0.68, the cloudy day of mid-March is selected to transplant the seedling of paris polyphylla, the cultivated area of paris polyphylla is less than the area of walnut woods, for realizing the Optimum utilization of resource, account for 80% of walnut forest land area, and be positioned at the center of walnut forest land.By seedling plumule upwards, radicle is downward, and after blinding, the fertilizer 250g such as chaff shell, animal dung of fermentation maturity of spreading manuer in holes, waters permeable, and furrow face covers pine needle, straw or wood sawdust, and thickness is advisable not reveal soil.
(2) field management: annual February to March acrial part be unearthed before and each spraying fertilizer in peak period 1 time of nourishing and growing May to June.The fertilizer 100g that the chaff shell that fermentation maturity is executed in every strain adds animal dung 50g or becomes thoroughly decomposed.Carry out foliar application in June to July with 0.5% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, within every 15 days, spray 1 time, spray 3 times continuously.Should water permeable after planting, bud seedling should not water before being unearthed.After emerging, furrow face and soil will keep moistening.Rainy season should manage ditch in time.Should water in time during the soil drought of furrow face, non-irrigated condition suitably should thicken furrow face covering.Annual weeding 2 to 3 times.Weeding and loosening the soil is carried out simultaneously.
(3) gather: plant after 5 years, in March in annual October to next year, select fine day, first cut off cauline leaf, then excavate from the side with clean hoe, dig out rhizome, remove earth, fibrous root, thick person is cut into 2 pieces ~ 4 pieces, dries or dries at 30 DEG C ~ 65 DEG C temperature, moisture controls 10% ~ 12%, by storage or sale after dry product packing.
The method of the cultivation paris polyphylla that this embodiment provides, can make every mu of production cost reduce by 5000 yuan, makes the output of paris polyphylla to 200,000 grams/acre simultaneously, is equivalent to every mu of income 100000/ yuan.
Embodiment 2
One, the construction in plantation
(1) addressing: in black soil township, Zuogong County, Qamdo Prefecture of Tibet Autonomous Region.
(2) wholely: after choosing planting area, remove ground assorted filling, weeds and foreign material, deep-cut 30cm, by fertilizer according to 200kg/667m 2consumption be sprinkling upon on forest land equably, then dig, in small, broken bits, leveling, spray bordeaux mixture sterilization.
(3) woods is built: set up walnut woods by transplanting seedling, transplanting season is cloudy day by the end of February, and by seeding row spacing 4 × 4m, after walnut woods grows 5 years, crown density reach 0.65.
Two, the cultivation of paris polyphylla
(1) transplantation of seedlings is planted: after 5 years, the crown density of walnut woods reach 0.66, in mid or late November then, by the seedling plumule that cultivates upwards, radicle is placed on downwards in soil, after blinding, spread manuer in holes the fertilizer 250g such as chaff shell, animal dung of fermentation maturity, water permeable, furrow face covers pine needle, straw or wood sawdust, and thickness is advisable not reveal soil.
(2) field management: annual February to March acrial part be unearthed before and each spraying fertilizer in peak period 1 time of nourishing and growing May to June; The fertilizer 100g become thoroughly decomposed is executed in every strain, carries out foliar application in June to July with 0.5% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, every 15 days 1 time, sprays 3 times continuously; Should water permeable after planting, bud seedling should not water before being unearthed; After emerging, furrow face and soil will keep moistening; Rainy season should manage ditch in time; Should water in time during the soil drought of furrow face, non-irrigated condition suitably should thicken furrow face covering; Annual weeding 2 to 3 times; Weeding and loosening the soil is carried out simultaneously.
(3) gather: plant after 5 years, in March in annual October to next year, select fine day, first cut off cauline leaf, then excavate from the side with clean hoe, dig out rhizome, remove earth, fibrous root, thick person is cut into 2 pieces ~ 4 pieces, dries or dries at 30 DEG C ~ 65 DEG C temperature, moisture controls 10% ~ 12%, by storage or sale after dry product packing.
The method of the cultivation paris polyphylla that this embodiment provides, can make every mu of production cost reduce by 5000 yuan, makes the output of paris polyphylla to 250,000 grams/acre simultaneously, is equivalent to every mu of income 125000/ yuan.
In above-described embodiment, when layout is carried out to walnut and paris polyphylla, the best environment that shelters from heat or light is obtained in order to make paris polyphylla, paris polyphylla cultivated area is less than walnut forest land area, the cultivated area of paris polyphylla accounts for 80% ~ 85% of walnut forest land, and the planting area of paris polyphylla is positioned at the center of walnut forest land.
The above is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. utilize walnut forest land to cultivate a method for paris polyphylla, comprise following various method steps:
One, the construction in plantation
(1) addressing: selection height above sea level is 500m ~ 1100m, year-round average temperature is 10 DEG C ~ 13 DEG C, frost-free season more than 240d, annual rainfall 1400mm ~ 1600mm, relative air humidity is greater than 75%, soil pH value 5.5 ~ 7.0, heavy metal content in soil meets the region (GB 15618-2008) of standard of soil environment quality;
(2) wholely: after choosing planting area, remove ground assorted filling, weeds and foreign material, deep-cut 30cm, fertile for the oil cake of fermentation maturity 100kg/667m2 or fertilizer 200kg/667m2 is sprinkling upon on forest land equably, then dig, in small, broken bits, leveling, spray bordeaux mixture sterilization, then according to landform bedding, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 20cm, ditch mud is smashed and is layered on furrow face in time planting;
(3) woods is built: namely plant walnut woods, by seeding row spacing 4 × 4m, by the method establishment walnut woods of nursery stock transplanting, carry out field management according to a conventional method, after 4 ~ 5 years, the crown density of walnut woods can be made to reach 0.64-0.68;
Two, the cultivation of paris polyphylla
(1) transplantation of seedlings is planted: when the crown density of walnut woods reach 0.64-0.68, can in March to April or October then to December, by the seedling plumule that cultivates upwards, radicle is downward, after blinding, the fertilizer 250g such as chaff shell, animal dung of fermentation maturity of spreading manuer in holes, waters permeable, furrow face covers pine needle, straw or wood sawdust, and thickness is advisable not reveal soil;
(2) field management: annual February to March acrial part be unearthed before and each spraying fertilizer in peak period 1 time of nourishing and growing May to June; The fertilizer 100g that the chaff shell that fermentation maturity is executed in every strain adds animal dung 50g or becomes thoroughly decomposed, carries out foliar application in June to July with 0.5% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, every 15 days 1 time, sprays 3 times continuously; Should water permeable after planting, bud seedling should not water before being unearthed; After emerging, furrow face and soil will keep moistening; Rainy season should manage ditch in time; Should water in time during the soil drought of furrow face, non-irrigated condition suitably should thicken furrow face covering; Annual weeding 2 to 3 times; Weeding and loosening the soil is carried out simultaneously;
(3) gather: plant after 5 years, in March in annual October to next year, select fine day, first cut off cauline leaf, then excavate from the side with clean hoe, dig out rhizome, remove earth, fibrous root, thick person is cut into 2 pieces ~ 4 pieces, dries or dries at 30 DEG C ~ 65 DEG C temperature, moisture controls 10% ~ 12%, by storage or sale after dry product packing.
2. a kind of method utilizing walnut forest land to cultivate paris polyphylla according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, paris polyphylla cultivated area is less than walnut forest land area.
3. a kind of method utilizing walnut forest land to cultivate paris polyphylla according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the cultivated area of paris polyphylla accounts for 80% ~ 85% of walnut forest land.
4. a kind of method utilizing walnut forest land to cultivate paris polyphylla according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the planting area of paris polyphylla is positioned at the center of walnut forest land.
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CN110012773A (en) * 2019-05-22 2019-07-16 国家林业和草原局竹子研究开发中心 A kind of cultural method of moso bamboo forest interplanting paris polyphylla
CN114175962A (en) * 2021-12-10 2022-03-15 甘孜藏族自治州林业科学研究所 Interplanting planting method for Yunnan rhizoma paridis under walnut forest

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105123422A (en) * 2015-07-15 2015-12-09 湖南省森林植物园 Method for planting panax notoginseng based on vine woodland
CN105230286A (en) * 2015-10-16 2016-01-13 金寨县绿野中药材专业合作社 Method for planting Paris polyphylla
CN110012773A (en) * 2019-05-22 2019-07-16 国家林业和草原局竹子研究开发中心 A kind of cultural method of moso bamboo forest interplanting paris polyphylla
CN114175962A (en) * 2021-12-10 2022-03-15 甘孜藏族自治州林业科学研究所 Interplanting planting method for Yunnan rhizoma paridis under walnut forest

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