CN109601277B - High-density dwarf direct seeding cultivation method for ramie - Google Patents
High-density dwarf direct seeding cultivation method for ramie Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-density dwarfing direct-seeding cultivation method for ramie. S1 selecting the ramie direct seeding field; s2, compartment opening and fertilization: selecting sunny days, mechanically turning deeply, adding organic fertilizer, spraying herbicide after deeply turning and sunning soil, rotary tillage and ridging, wherein the longitudinal section of the compartment surface is in an isosceles trapezoid shape; s3 seed dressing and sowing: removing impurities from ramie No. 4 ramie seeds newly harvested in the previous year, wherein the seeding density is 5 ten thousand plants/mu; s4, after sowing, covering with a double-layer sunshade net; s5 seedling management; and S6 medium management: and (3) when 4 true leaves grow on the ramie seedlings, supporting the sun-shading net by using 25-35cm bamboo chips, removing the sun-shading net in the afternoon after one week, covering the double-layer sun-shading net before seven points of the next day, repeating the steps, and removing the sun-shading net after three days of seedling hardening and on the fourth day. The invention is beneficial to the development of mechanical primary processing green degumming production modes of mechanical cutting and drying, mechanical picking, mechanical round bundling, mechanical wrapping, ensiling degumming, stem leaf separation, drying and scutching, saves time and labor, and can also recycle the sunshade net.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop direct seeding cultivation, in particular to a ramie high-density dwarfing direct seeding cultivation method.
Background
Ramie (1)Boehmeria nivea L.) is a perennial bast fiber crop of the genus Boehmeria of the family Urticaceae. The ramie fiber is slender, light in weight, fast in moisture absorption and dispersion, has good spinnability, can be spun purely, can be blended with cotton, wool, silk and various chemical fibers, and is an excellent textile raw material. China is a ramie producing country and a ramie exporting country, and the planting area and the raw material yield account for more than 90 percent of the world.
Ramie propagation includes vegetative propagation (vegetative propagation) and sexual propagation (seed propagation). Generally, ramie is subjected to seedling raising and transplanting in a vegetative propagation mode, and the transplanting density is generally 2200-. The disadvantages of asexual propagation include inconvenient transportation of ramie seedlings, high transportation cost, slow propagation speed of vegetative mass and easy carrying of germs or pest eggs by underground stem propagation. However, the sexual reproduction has the advantages of convenient transportation, low transportation cost and no germ or pest eggs. As the ramie is a crop with high and thick stems, the height is generally 1.5-3m, the stem thickness is 0.6-1.5cm, the ramie has different heights, the harvesting labor intensity is high, the mechanization level is not high, the degumming causes environmental pollution and other problems, and the development of the ramie industry is seriously hindered. Therefore, a method for cultivating ramie by high-density dwarfing and direct seeding is urgently needed to be explored, and the method is suitable for a mechanical primary processing green degumming production mode of mechanical cutting and sunning, mechanical picking, mechanical round baling, mechanical wrapping, ensiling degumming, stem and leaf separation, drying and scutching.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-density dwarf direct-seeding cultivation method for ramie, which aims at solving the problems that the traditional ramie cultivation method has high labor intensity in harvesting, uneven ramie heights and high and thick stalks are not beneficial to mechanical operation, and the direct-seeding cultivation method for ramie cannot be applied in production at present.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical measures:
a ramie high-density dwarfing direct seeding cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1 selecting the ramie direct seeding field:
selecting a land block which is convenient to drain and irrigate, has no ramie planted in two years and has soil from sticky to sandy loam;
s2, compartment opening and fertilization:
selecting sunny days, mechanically turning deeply, adding an organic fertilizer, spraying a broad-spectrum herbicide after deeply turning and sunning soil, carrying out rotary tillage and ridging, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 25-35cm, the ridge height is 20-30cm, the compartment width is 1.25-1.55m, the compartment length is 7m, the compartment ditch width is 0.35-0.55m, the ditch depth is 25-35cm, the longitudinal section of the compartment surface is in an isosceles trapezoid, the compartment surface is cleaned from dry branches and residual leaves, weeds and crushed stones, the compartment surface is leveled, the compartment surface is loose below the compartment surface, and the compartment surface is tight;
s3 seed dressing and sowing:
removing impurities from ramie No. 4 ramie seeds harvested newly in the previous year, performing seed dressing before seeding, selecting windless weather, uniformly sowing the seeds on the compartment surface after seed dressing, and fully watering the compartment surface;
s4 double-layer sunshade net cover:
after sowing, covering by using a double-layer sunshade net with 75% of light transmittance, and compacting the periphery of the sunshade net by using soil blocks;
s5 seedling management:
when the compartment surface of the ramie seedbed covered by the double-layer sunshade net is white, watering the compartment surface by using a watering pot;
and S6 medium management:
a ramie seedbed covered by a double-layer sunshade net is characterized in that the sunshade net is supported by 25-35cm bamboo pieces when ramie seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, the sunshade net is removed in the afternoon after one week, the double-layer sunshade net is covered before seven o' clock of the next day, the steps are repeated, and the sunshade net is removed after three days of seedling hardening and the fourth day.
The planting density is 5 ten thousand per mu, and the ramie seeding amount of each compartment is determined according to the weight and the germination rate.
The ramie seed dressing adopts plant ash in the weight ratio: and (3) fibrilia and bone fragments: soil: ramie seed =2:3:10: 2.
The kenaf bone fragments are kenaf bone fragments.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the method increases the planting density of ramie, limits the height of ramie plants, reduces the thickness of ramie stalks and is beneficial to mechanical harvesting. The problems that the ramie is not beneficial to mechanical harvesting due to high and thick stems, uneven plant height and the like are solved.
(2) The method is simple and convenient to operate, time-saving and labor-saving, adopts the double-layer sunshade net for covering, fully utilizes natural rainfall, has good effects on heat preservation and moisture preservation of ramie in the seedling stage, and can also reuse the sunshade net.
(3) The method is suitable for a mechanical primary processing green degumming production mode of mechanical cutting and drying, mechanical picking, mechanical round bundling, mechanical wrapping, ensiling degumming, stem and leaf separation, drying and scutching.
(4) Compared with the traditional ramie cultivation technology, the method avoids the problems of inconvenient seedling culture, transplantation and transportation, high cost, easy germ or pest eggs carrying in underground stem propagation and the like in the asexual propagation mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a high-density dwarfing direct-seeding cultivation method for ramie.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
As shown in figure 1, the seedling is sown in 2018 by a ramie high-density dwarf direct seeding cultivation method on a Puyang ramie test bed in the Xiaoshan area of Hangzhou city. The density is set to be 3 ten thousand per mu, 5 ten thousand per mu and 8 ten thousand per mu, and the covering measures are straw covering, small arched shed covering and double-layer sunshade net covering. Sowing date is 03 month and 11 days, first investigation date is 06 month and 08 days, each cell has three points, and each point has area of 33cm x 33cm =0.1099m2Area per cell: 1.3m 7m =9.1m2(ii) a The date of the second examination was 08/21 days, and the date of the third examination was 11/09 days.
A ramie high-density dwarfing direct seeding cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a ramie direct seeding field: selecting a plot which has loose soil quality, moderate soil fertility, convenient drainage and irrigation, less dead branches, residual leaves and weeds, no ramie planting within two years and soil from clay to sandy loam.
(2) Compartment opening and fertilization: selecting a certain sunny day in the last 12 th month, mechanically turning deeply, adding a proper organic fertilizer (produced by Shandong Yifengyuan biological science and technology Co., Ltd.), wherein the using amount of the organic fertilizer is generally 20-30 kg per mu, and spraying a broad-spectrum herbicide (efficient haloxyfop, pesticide registration No. PD20081980, pesticide production approval document No. HNP 32279-C2926, product Standard No. Q/3201 FLAG 007 and 2016) after deeply turning over and drying soil. And carrying out rotary tillage and ridging, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 25-35cm, and the ridge height is 20-30 cm. The width of the carriage is 1.25-1.55m, the length of the carriage is 7m, the width of the carriage groove is 0.35-0.55m, the depth of the groove is 25-35cm, and the longitudinal section of the carriage surface is isosceles trapezoid. 15-25cm are reserved at the head end and the tail end of the compartment surface respectively, and 10-15cm are reserved at the left side and the right side of the compartment surface respectively, so that the field investigation is facilitated. The compartment surface is cleaned of dead branches and leaves, weeds and broken stones, and the compartment surface is leveled, so that the compartment surface is loose below and compact above.
(3) Seed dressing and sowing: the method comprises the steps of removing impurities from ramie No. 4 ramie seeds newly harvested in the previous year, performing a germination test by a weighing method, and determining the seeding amount of each chamber in the field, wherein the seeding density is 5 ten thousand per mu. Because the thousand-grain weight of ramie is generally 0.059-0.110g, the ramie needs to be mixed with seeds before sowing, and the weight ratio of the ramie is plant ash (without weed seeds): and (3) fibrilia and bone fragments: soil: ramie seed (removal of impurities) =2:3:10: 2. Selecting the weather without wind, evenly spreading the seeds on the compartment surface after seed dressing, and fully watering the compartment surface by using a watering pot.
(4) Covering the straw, the small arched shed and the double-layer sunshade net: the covering measure of the straws is that after the seeds are sowed, 10-15cm crushed straws are adopted to uniformly cover the straws, so that the ground can not be seen; the small arched shed covering measure is that after seeding, bamboo chips are used as arched shed supports, the height of the arched shed is preferably 45-55cm, the interval between the bamboo chips is 1.15-1.35m, then a white transparent film with the thickness of 1.0-1.5mm is covered, the periphery of the film is tensioned, and the periphery is compacted and sealed by soil; the double-layer sunshade net covering measure is that after seeding is finished, the double-layer sunshade net with the light transmittance of about 75% is adopted for covering, and the periphery of the sunshade net is compacted and compacted by soil blocks.
(5) Seedling stage management: after seedling emergence, watering the compartment surface with a watering pot when the compartment surface is white; when the surface of the ramie seedbed covered by the small arched shed is whitish, the top of the arched shed is perforated, the sprayer goes deep into the hole to wet the surface of the ramie seedbed, and when the temperature is too high, the two ends of the small arched shed need to be opened for ventilation and cooling in the morning and at night.
(6) And (4) medium-term management: removing 1/3 straws when ramie seedlings grow to 2 true leaves in a ramie seedbed covered by straws, and keeping moisture in the later period; the ramie seedbed covered by the double-layer sunshade net is characterized in that the sunshade net is supported by 25-35cm bamboo pieces when ramie seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, the sunshade net is torn off in the afternoon after one week, the double-layer sunshade net is covered before seven o' clock of the next day, the operation is repeated, and the sunshade net is torn off after three days of seedling hardening and on the fourth day; the ramie seedbed covered by the small arched shed is characterized in that when the temperature is too high, the top of the arched shed is punched, when ramie seedlings grow to 4 real leaves, two ends of the small arched shed are uncovered and ventilated, two ends of the small arched shed are sealed before seven o 'clock of the next day, the whole small arched shed film is uncovered in the afternoon after one week, the whole small arched shed film is sealed before seven o' clock of the next day, the steps are repeated, and after three days of seedling hardening, the whole small arched shed film is uncovered on the fourth day.
(7) Biological character investigation: the ramie emergence number under three densities and three different covering measures is considered and counted for the first time. Three points per cell, each point having an area of 33cm x 33cm =0.1099m2. And carrying out secondary and tertiary investigation and statistics on the effective plant number, the plant height, the stem thickness and the fresh weight of the overground part of the cell.
I Effect of different seeding densities on ramie emergence:
as shown in table 1, 3, 5 and 8 ten thousand per mu were set, and 3 points were examined for each cell, each cell having an area of 1.3m by 7m =9.1m2Each dot area is 33cm x 33cm =0.1099m2. As can be seen from Table 1, the seeding density was 5 ten thousand per mu, and the number of the ramie seedlings was the highest. The ramie seeding density is too high, and because the ramie seedling individuals compete for soil nutrients and water, the inferior seedlings die, so that the seedling emergence number is increased along with the increase of the seeding density in a certain range, and the seedling emergence number is reduced after the proper density is reached.
TABLE 1 Effect of different seeding Density on Ramie emergence
| Seeding density (ten thousand/mu) | Number of seedlings (ten thousand plants/mu) |
| 3 | 18.19±1.13 c |
| 5 | 24.72±1.06 a |
| 8 | 21.19±0.66 b |
II influence of different covering measures on ramie emergence:
as shown in Table 2, three coverage measures of straws, small arched sheds and double-layer sunshade nets are arranged, 3 points are examined in each cell, and the area of each cell is 1.3 m/7 m =9.1m2Each dot area is 33cm x 33cm =0.1099m2. As can be seen from Table 2, the ramie seedlings are the highest in number under the double-layer sunshade net covering treatment, and the sunshade net can be reused. The number of seedlings is minimum under the small arch shed covering measure, the cost is high, and the labor is more.
TABLE 2 Effect of different cover measures treatment on Ramie emergence
| Different coverage measures | Number of seedlings (ten thousand plants/mu) |
| Covering with rice straw | 32.0±2.24 b |
| Double-layer sunshade net cover | 38.9±1.86 a |
| Small arched shed covering | 18.3±0.91 c |
III, the influence of different sowing densities on the effective number of ramie strains, the plant height, the stem thickness and the fresh weight of the overground part is investigated for the second time and the third time:
setting three different seeding densities of 3 ten thousand per mu, 5 ten thousand per mu and 8 ten thousand per mu, setting three repetitions for each density, and setting the area of each cell to be 1.3m by 7m =9.1m2And counting and analyzing the effective plant number, plant height, stem thickness and fresh weight of the overground part of the whole cell. As can be seen from tables 3 and 4, compared with the traditional ramie cultivation method, the high-density dwarf direct seeding cultivation method greatly reduces the height of ramie plants, reduces the thickness of ramie stalks and is beneficial to mechanical harvesting. As can be seen from tables 3 and 4, the seeding density is 5 ten thousand per mu, the effective plant number of ramie is the highest, the fresh weight of the overground part of the plot is the highest, and compared with the effective plant number of the other two seeding densities and the fresh weight of the overground part of the plot, the stable yield and the high yield are achieved by the high-density dwarfing direct seeding method.
Table 3 shows the second investigation of the influence of different sowing densities on the effective number of plants, plant height, stem thickness and fresh weight of the overground part of ramie
| Seeding density (ten thousand/mu) | Number of plants | Plant height (cm) | Stem diameter (mm) | Cell fresh organism yield (kg) |
| 3 | 552±21 b | 80.35±4.31 c | 5.53±0.19 c | 14.834±0.99 b |
| 5 | 889±49 a | 89.90±3.26 b | 6.67±0.23 a | 17.661±1.03 a |
| 8 | 207±18 c | 90.85±4.89 a | 6.15±0.11 b | 10.897±0.87 c |
Table 4 shows the influence of different sowing densities on the effective number of plants, plant height, stem thickness and fresh weight of the overground part of ramie
| Seeding density (ten thousand/mu) | Number of plants | Plant height (cm) | Stem diameter (mm) | Cell fresh organism yield (kg) |
| 3 | 464±2 b | 104.00±3.73 c | 6.67±0.21 c | 8.67± 0.53 c |
| 5 | 469±3 a | 117.70±2.88 b | 7.58±0.33 b | 12.33±0.61 a |
| 8 | 370±1 c | 119.80±4.95 a | 8.08±0.19 a | 11.66± 0.86 b |
Claims (2)
1. A ramie high-density dwarf direct seeding cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 selecting the ramie direct seeding field:
selecting a land block which is convenient to drain and irrigate, has no ramie planted in two years and has soil from sticky to sandy loam;
s2, compartment opening and fertilization:
selecting sunny days, mechanically turning deeply, adding an organic fertilizer, spraying a broad-spectrum herbicide after deeply turning and sunning soil, carrying out rotary tillage and ridging, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 25-35cm, the ridge height is 20-30cm, the compartment width is 1.25-1.55m, the compartment length is 7m, the compartment ditch width is 0.35-0.55m, the ditch depth is 25-35cm, the longitudinal section of the compartment surface is in an isosceles trapezoid, the compartment surface is cleaned from dry branches and residual leaves, weeds and crushed stones, the compartment surface is leveled, the compartment surface is loose below the compartment surface, and the compartment surface is tight;
s3 seed dressing and sowing:
removing impurities from ramie No. 4 ramie seeds harvested newly in the previous year, performing seed dressing before seeding, selecting windless weather, uniformly sowing the seeds on the compartment surface after seed dressing, and fully watering the compartment surface;
s4 double-layer sunshade net cover:
after sowing, covering by using a double-layer sunshade net with 75% of light transmittance, and compacting the periphery of the sunshade net by using soil blocks;
s5 seedling management:
when the compartment surface of the ramie seedbed covered by the double-layer sunshade net is white, watering the compartment surface by using a watering pot;
and S6 medium management:
the ramie seedbed covered by the double-layer sunshade net is characterized in that the sunshade net is supported by 25-35cm of bamboo pieces when ramie seedlings grow to 4 true leaves, the sunshade net is removed in the afternoon after one week, the double-layer sunshade net is covered before seven o' clock of the next day, the operation is repeated, and the sunshade net is removed after three days of seedling hardening and the fourth day;
the sowing density is 5 ten thousand per mu, and the ramie sowing amount of each compartment is determined according to the weight and the germination rate;
the ramie seed dressing adopts plant ash in the weight ratio: and (3) fibrilia and bone fragments: soil: ramie seed =2:3:10: 2.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the kenaf bone fragments are kenaf bone fragments.
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| CN110326495B (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-08-24 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Ramie planting and harvesting method |
| CN110547149A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-12-10 | 达州市农业科学研究院 | Method for shallow earthing seedling of hybrid ramie seed plug |
| CN111279993A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-06-16 | 十堰市农业科学院(十堰市农业科学技术研究推广中心、丹江口库区十堰生态农业研究院) | Seed seedling raising method for ramie for feed |
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