CN106717856A - A kind of raising flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan No. 3 implantation methods of quality of tobacco of cigarette - Google Patents
A kind of raising flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan No. 3 implantation methods of quality of tobacco of cigarette Download PDFInfo
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- CN106717856A CN106717856A CN201611089959.2A CN201611089959A CN106717856A CN 106717856 A CN106717856 A CN 106717856A CN 201611089959 A CN201611089959 A CN 201611089959A CN 106717856 A CN106717856 A CN 106717856A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention belongs to tobacco planting technical field, a kind of raising flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan No. 3 implantation methods of quality of tobacco of cigarette are specifically disclosed.Methods described includes nursery, transplanting, fertilising and pouring, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, pinches and smear wooden fork, ripe harvesting step；The special transplanting medium of No. 3 seedling replantings of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette to flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3 is planted in transplant step；The special transplanting medium of described flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3 includes following composition：65~80 parts of purple soil；55~70 parts of beef liver soil；35~50 parts of sand soil；Burn 30~50 parts of soil；10~30 parts of loessal soil；5~15 parts of black mature soil；50~70 parts of river sand；25~40 parts of humic acid.By implantation methods of the present invention, the aesthetic quality of No. 3 tobacco leaves of Hunan cigarette and the quality of tobacco leaf can be significantly improved；Additionally, the method can also significantly reduce the sugared alkali ratio in No. 3 tobacco leaves of Hunan cigarette, be conducive to protruding No. 3 style characteristics of tobacco leaf of Hunan cigarette.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tobacco planting technical field, and in particular to a kind of No. 3 qualities of tobacco of raising flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette
Implantation methods.
Background technology
Hunan cigarette 3 is cytoplasmic male sterilty cenospecies, strain formula tubular, growing stage 122 days or so, plant height
138.6 centimetres, 108.1 centimetres of plant height of pinching, the natural number of blade 24~28, leaves number 19-20 pieces, 9.0 centimetres of stem girth, section
Away from 5.1 centimetres, waist leaf ovalize grows 74.1 centimetres, and wide 29.4 centimetres, leaf color is green, and pattern is red, and blade face is relatively wrinkled, and blade tip is tapering,
Master pulse is medium, and blade thickness is moderate, and leaf texture is loose.
The kind has anti-balck shank, middle anti-Meloidogyne incognita disease, middle resistance to bacterial wilt, middle sense common mosaic.Resistance to fertilizer
Characteristic is good, suitably in the preferable plot plantation of fertilizer and water condition.Sugared content and sugared alkali is than higher in existing Hunan cigarette 3, tobacco leaf
Style characteristic is owed to protrude.It has been investigated that, soil has great influence to the style of tobacco leaf, and this is because soil is that cigarette strain is inhaled
Receive the conditions such as the place of nutrition and moisture, soil different, cause the environment such as cigarette strain growth and development process reclaimed water, fertilizer, gas, light, heat
Difference is produced, accumulation, conversion and the degradation process of the chemical composition for determining tobacco style has been had influence on, tobacco leaf has finally been dominated
Style is formed.Although flue-cured tobacco is very strong to the adaptability of soil, for distinct style characteristic leaf tobacco production, flue-cured tobacco is to soil
Earth has stronger selectivity.Therefore, soil constitution is improved during flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3 is planted, for improving Hunan cigarette 3
Number quality have great importance.
Due to different flue-cured tobacco cultivars, at aspects such as plantation, growth, bakings, can all there are different demands, so as to realize not
Same flue-cured tobacco cultivars local flavor, accordingly, it would be desirable to be directed to different flue-cured tobacco cultivars, meets its optimal growth needs, or baking needs,
Plantation, fertilising or the baking scheme for being adapted to the flue-cured tobacco cultivars are provided.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are, in order to overcome above shortcomings in the prior art, there is provided a kind of
Improve flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan No. 3 implantation methods of quality of tobacco of cigarette.
Above-mentioned technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved by the following technical programs：
A kind of raising flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan No. 3 implantation methods of quality of tobacco of cigarette, comprising nursery, transplanting, fertilising and pouring, disease
Pest control, pinch and smear wooden fork, ripe pluck step；By No. 3 seedling replantings of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette to flue-cured tobacco product in transplant step
The special transplanting medium for planting Hunan cigarette 3 is planted；The special transplanting medium of described flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3 comprising it is following into
Point：
65~80 parts of purple soil；55~70 parts of beef liver soil；35~50 parts of sand soil；Burn 30~50 parts of soil；Loessal soil 10
~30 parts；5~15 parts of black mature soil；50~70 parts of river sand；25~40 parts of humic acid.
Sand soil is the soil of sand mud Tanaka, is distributed widely in Nanxiong City of Guangdong Province.
Beef liver soil is the soil of beef liver soil Tanaka, belongs to purple soil, is distributed widely in Nanxiong City of Guangdong Province.
Purple soil：Develop in subtropical zone calcareous purple sand shale Parental Soils.Complete section face in homogeneous purple or
Aubergine, level is not obvious.It is distributed widely in Nanxiong City of Guangdong Province.
Loessal soil：A kind of young soil formed through directly cultivating by loess parent material.Because the soil body is loose, soft silk floss, ashen
It is light, it is therefore named.
Black mature soil：Develop on loess parent material with the chernozem type soil for remaining argillic horizon (being commonly called as black mature soil layer).
Preferably, the special transplanting medium of described flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3 includes following composition：
70 parts of purple soil；60 parts of beef liver soil；40 parts of sand soil；Burn 40 parts of soil；20 parts of loessal soil；10 parts of black mature soil；River
It is husky 60 parts；35 parts of humic acid.
Preferably, by the special shifting of No. 3 seedling replantings of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette to flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3 in transplant step
Single ridge plantation, a height of 20~30cm in ridge of the special transplanting medium are carried out in cultivation matrix.
Preferably, the method that described humic acid passes through to comprise the following steps is prepared：
(1) 60~70 parts of chicken manure, 50~60 parts of peanut shell, 40~50 parts of rice bran, 30~40 parts of stalk are well mixed；
(2) microbial inoculum is added in the raw material that step (1) is well mixed；
(3) compost obtains final product described humic acid for 30~50 days.
Most preferably, 65 parts, 55 parts of peanut shell, 45 parts of rice bran, 35 parts of stalk are well mixed in step (1).
Most preferably, the microbial inoculum described in step (2) includes aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, rhizobium melioti, bacillus subtilis
Bacterium.
Most preferably, in step (2) raw material, the consumption of the aspergillus niger is 2x109Individual/gram, the consumption of the aspergillus oryzae
It is 2x109Individual/gram, the consumption of the rhizobium melioti is 1.5x109Individual/gram, the consumption of the bacillus subtilis is 1x109
Individual/gram.
Most preferably, step (3) compost 30 days at 50~55 DEG C.
Beneficial effect：The invention provides a kind of implantation methods of the flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3 of brand-new formula, the method weight
Point is realized by adjusting the optimal suitable planting soil constitution of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3；By plantation side of the present invention
Method, can significantly improve the aesthetic quality of No. 3 tobacco leaves of Hunan cigarette and the quality of tobacco leaf；Additionally, the method can also significantly reduce Hunan cigarette 3
Sugared alkali ratio in number tobacco leaf, is conducive to protruding No. 3 style characteristics of tobacco leaf of Hunan cigarette.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is explained further below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but embodiment does not do any type of limit to the present invention
It is fixed.
The implantation methods of the flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3 of embodiment 1
Step：(1) nursery；(2) transplant；Transplant to being used in the special transplanting medium of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3, using list
Ridge is planted, a height of 25cm in ridge of the special transplanting medium；(3) apply fertilizer and pour；(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；(5) pinch and smear wooden fork；
(6) it is ripe to pluck.Wherein, nursery, Transplanting Density, fertilising and pouring, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, pinch and smear wooden fork and the ripe step such as pluck
Carried out according to general farming.
For the flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette special transplanting medium formula of No. 3：70 parts of purple soil；60 parts of beef liver soil；Sand soil 40
Part；Burn 40 parts of soil；20 parts of loessal soil；10 parts of black mature soil；60 parts of river sand；35 parts of humic acid.Above-mentioned formula is well mixed i.e.
The special transplanting medium of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3 must be used for.
Described humic acid is prepared via a method which to obtain：
(1) 65 parts of chicken manure, 55 parts of peanut shell, 45 parts of rice bran, 35 parts of stalk are well mixed；
(2) microbial inoculum is added in the raw material that step (1) is well mixed；Described microbial inoculum includes aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, clover
Rhizobium, bacillus subtilis；In raw material, the consumption of the aspergillus niger is 2x109Individual/gram, the consumption of the aspergillus oryzae is
2x109Individual/gram, the consumption of the rhizobium melioti is 1.5x109Individual/gram, the consumption of the bacillus subtilis is 1x109Individual/
Gram；
(3) compost obtains final product described humic acid for 40 days.
The implantation methods of the flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3 of embodiment 2
Step：(1) nursery；(2) transplant；Transplant to being used in the special transplanting medium of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3, using list
Ridge is planted, a height of 25cm in ridge of the special transplanting medium；(3) apply fertilizer and pour；(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；(5) pinch and smear wooden fork；
(6) it is ripe to pluck.Wherein, nursery, Transplanting Density, fertilising and pouring, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, pinch and smear wooden fork and the ripe step such as pluck
Carried out according to general farming.
For the flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette special transplanting medium formula of No. 3：65 parts of purple soil；55 parts of beef liver soil；Sand soil 50
Part；Burn 30 parts of soil；10 parts of loessal soil；15 parts of black mature soil；50 parts of river sand；25 parts of humic acid.Above-mentioned formula is well mixed i.e.
The special transplanting medium of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3 must be used for.
Described humic acid is prepared via a method which to obtain：
(1) 65 parts of chicken manure, 55 parts of peanut shell, 45 parts of rice bran, 35 parts of stalk are well mixed；
(2) microbial inoculum is added in the raw material that step (1) is well mixed；Described microbial inoculum includes aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, clover
Rhizobium, bacillus subtilis；In raw material, the consumption of the aspergillus niger is 2x109Individual/gram, the consumption of the aspergillus oryzae is
2x109Individual/gram, the consumption of the rhizobium melioti is 1.5x109Individual/gram, the consumption of the bacillus subtilis is 1x109Individual/
Gram；
(3) compost obtains final product described humic acid for 40 days.
The implantation methods of the flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3 of embodiment 3
Step：(1) nursery；(2) transplant；Transplant to being used in the special transplanting medium of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3, using list
Ridge is planted, a height of 25cm in ridge of the special transplanting medium；(3) apply fertilizer and pour；(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；(5) pinch and smear wooden fork；
(6) it is ripe to pluck.Wherein, nursery, Transplanting Density, fertilising and pouring, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, pinch and smear wooden fork and the ripe step such as pluck
Carried out according to general farming.
For the flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette special transplanting medium formula of No. 3：80 parts of purple soil；55 parts of beef liver soil；Sand soil 35
Part；Burn 50 parts of soil；30 parts of loessal soil；5 parts of black mature soil；70 parts of river sand；40 parts of humic acid.Above-mentioned formula is well mixed and is obtained final product
For the flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette special transplanting medium of No. 3.
Described humic acid is prepared via a method which to obtain：
(1) 65 parts of chicken manure, 55 parts of peanut shell, 45 parts of rice bran, 35 parts of stalk are well mixed；
(2) microbial inoculum is added in the raw material that step (1) is well mixed；Described microbial inoculum includes aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, clover
Rhizobium, bacillus subtilis；In raw material, the consumption of the aspergillus niger is 2x109Individual/gram, the consumption of the aspergillus oryzae is
2x109Individual/gram, the consumption of the rhizobium melioti is 1.5x109Individual/gram, the consumption of the bacillus subtilis is 1x109Individual/
Gram；
(3) compost obtains final product described humic acid for 40 days.
The tobacco sensory quality evaluation of embodiment 4
Experimental subjects：1~3 kind of embodiment plants the tobacco leaf for obtaining.
With reference to Wang Yanting et al., (Wang Yanting, Xie Jianping, Li Zhihong are edited evaluation method《Chinese tobacco planting regionalization》Science
Publishing house Beijing 2010,24-46) result of study, it is determined that based on YC/T138-1998, with 9 points of systems to every Sensory quality index
Assignment, assignment method is shown in Table 1.
The quality of tobacco of table 1 evaluates former cigarette each index assignment method of aesthetic quality
Sensory evaluating smoking constitutes the committee of smokeing panel test (10 people) by the expert that smokes panel test.The committee smoke panel test according to YC/T138-1998 (cigarettes
Grass and tobacco product sensory evaluation method) and《Quality of tobacco style characteristic sensory evaluation method (original text on probation)》Will Deng technological document
Ask and tobacco sample is smoked panel test, given a mark and is described.Reject to evaluate score value and exceed the member of smoking of average value 20% and smoke panel test data, meter
Each metrics evaluation average mark of each member of smoking of tobacco sample is calculated as each index score value of sample.Appraisal result is shown in Table 2.
The tobacco leaf of table 2 original cigarette aesthetic quality's smoking result
As can be seen from Table 2, the cigarette that embodiment 1~3 is prepared in tobacco leaf original cigarette aesthetic quality smokes panel test experiment
The index evaluating results such as the aroma quality of leaf, perfume quantity, miscellaneous gas, excitant and pleasant impression are excellent, indices all more than 7.0 points,
The optimal level of tobacco leaf is all reached, wherein it is optimal that the quality of tobacco for obtaining is planted with a kind of embodiment.This explanation, in institute of the present invention
Stating soil can significantly improve the flavor quality of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3.
The tobacco leaf chemical composition of embodiment 5 is determined
Test object：1~3 kind of Example is planted the tobacco leaf middle part for obtaining and is determined.
Determining composition is：Total nitrogen (YC/T161-2002), total nicotine (GB/T23225-2008), total reducing sugar (YC/T159-
2002), candy alkali ratio and nitrogen base ratio are used as the evaluation index for evaluating tobacco leaf chemical composition harmony.Specific measurement result is shown in Table
3。
The tobacco leaf chemical composition analysis result of table 3
In sound tobacco identification, the content range of reduced sugar is 16~18%, the content range of nicotine for 1.5~
2.3%, the content range of total nitrogen is 1.5~3.0%, reduced sugar/total reducing sugar ratio>85%.Data can be seen that reduction from table 3
Sugar, nicotine, the content of total nitrogen each fall within the content range of sound tobacco, and wherein reduced sugar/total reducing sugar ratio is implemented more than 92%
Tobacco leaf ratio highest described in example 1, reaches 94%.These numerical value absolutely prove the plantation flue-cured tobacco product in soil of the present invention
Planting Hunan cigarette 3 can significantly improve its quality.
Additionally, inventor's research finds sugared alkali than being the important parameter for influenceing style, style spy of the sugared alkali than higher tobacco leaf
Color is difficult to protrude, and the sugared alkali ratio of No. 3 tobacco leaves of Hunan cigarette for obtaining is planted in soil of the present invention less than 10, is conducive to Hunan
The style of No. 3 tobacco leaves of cigarette is protruded.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of raising flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan No. 3 implantation methods of quality of tobacco of cigarette, comprising nursery, transplanting, apply fertilizer and pouring, disease pest
Evil is prevented and treated, pinches and smear wooden fork, ripe harvesting step；Characterized in that, by No. 3 seedling replantings of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette in transplant step
Planted to the flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette special transplanting medium of No. 3；The special transplanting medium bag of described flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3
Containing following composition：
65~80 parts of purple soil；55~70 parts of beef liver soil；35~50 parts of sand soil；Burn 30~50 parts of soil；Loessal soil 10~30
Part；5~15 parts of black mature soil；50~70 parts of river sand；25~40 parts of humic acid.
2. it is according to claim 1 to improve flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan No. 3 implantation methods of quality of tobacco of cigarette, it is characterised in that institute
The special transplanting medium of the flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3 stated includes following composition：
70 parts of purple soil；60 parts of beef liver soil；40 parts of sand soil；Burn 40 parts of soil；20 parts of loessal soil；10 parts of black mature soil；River sand 60
Part；35 parts of humic acid.
3. it is according to claim 1 to improve flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan No. 3 implantation methods of quality of tobacco of cigarette, it is characterised in that
Single ridge will be carried out in transplant step in the special transplanting medium of No. 3 seedling replantings of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette to flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3
Plantation, a height of 20~30cm in ridge of the special transplanting medium.
4. it is according to claim 1 to improve flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan No. 3 implantation methods of quality of tobacco of cigarette, it is characterised in that institute
The method that the humic acid stated passes through to comprise the following steps is prepared：
(1) 60~70 parts of chicken manure, 50~60 parts of peanut shell, 40~50 parts of rice bran, 30~40 parts of stalk are well mixed；
(2) microbial inoculum is added in the raw material that step (1) is well mixed；
(3) compost obtains final product described humic acid for 30~50 days.
5. it is according to claim 4 to improve flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan No. 3 implantation methods of quality of tobacco of cigarette, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly 65 parts, 55 parts of peanut shell, 45 parts of rice bran, 35 parts of stalk are well mixed in (1).
6. it is according to claim 4 to improve flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan No. 3 implantation methods of quality of tobacco of cigarette, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly the microbial inoculum described in (2) includes aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, rhizobium melioti, bacillus subtilis.
7. it is according to claim 6 to improve flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan No. 3 implantation methods of quality of tobacco of cigarette, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly in (2) raw material, the consumption of the aspergillus niger is 2x109Individual/gram, the consumption of the aspergillus oryzae is 2x109Individual/gram, the clover
The consumption of rhizobium is 1.5x109Individual/gram, the consumption of the bacillus subtilis is 1x109Individual/gram.
8. it is according to claim 4 to improve flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan No. 3 implantation methods of quality of tobacco of cigarette, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly (3) compost 30 days at 50~55 DEG C.
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