CN106879330B

CN106879330B - Method for rapidly breeding dwarfed self-rooted stock apple seedlings

Info

Publication number: CN106879330B
Application number: CN201710045419.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋吉祥; 陈文福; 孙立华
Original assignee: Xingtai Ze Yang Yuan Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
Current assignee: Xingtai Ze Yang Yuan Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-01-21
Filing date: 2017-01-21
Publication date: 2020-01-24
Anticipated expiration: 2037-01-21
Also published as: CN106879330A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree seedling culture, and discloses a method for quickly breeding dwarfed self-rooted stock apple seedlings. The dwarfing stock which is easy to root is used as a dwarfing variety, the advantage of rapid rooting in the early stage is fully utilized to increase the early growth amount, so that the new individual can rapidly grow in the middle ten days of June to meet the grafting requirement, and with the increase of covering soil, the new individual can continuously absorb nutrients from soil, separate from the nutritional relationship with the original plant and independently grow into a plant. The breeding process is realized under the open field condition, so that the cost is saved, the covering material is saved, the repeated grafting is avoided, and the process is shortened; on the other hand, the technology is simple and easy to implement and is suitable for large-scale popularization.

Description

Method for rapidly breeding dwarfed self-rooted stock apple seedlings

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree seedling culture, in particular to a method for rapidly breeding dwarfed self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings.

Background

The modern apple cultivation technical mode is mainly characterized in that dwarfing cultivation is carried out by using dwarfing stocks, the apple cultivation mode in China is changed from a vigorous stock cultivation mode to a dwarf stock cultivation mode, and the method is a necessary trend of apple cultivation development in China.

At present, two methods are commonly used for breeding dwarfed self-rooted stock apple seedlings, namely a grafting method, wherein when a dwarfed stock section reaches a certain degree, stock seedlings of seedlings are subjected to hanning, then varieties are grafted, and seedlings are grown in the second year. When seedlings are lifted, the root stocks are left in the ground, so that the operation is complicated, the operation difficulty is high, and the technical requirements on operators are high. The other method is a layering method, a healthy disease-free dwarf stock seedling is selected to be horizontally layered, the dwarf stock seedling is bred in the current year, a seedling variety is grafted after autumn, the seedling is grown in the second year, and the period is also two years.

Therefore, the cultivation period of the dwarfing self-rooted stock apple seedlings at the present stage is mostly two or three years, the dwarfing self-rooted stock apple seedlings are complicated in time, manpower and technology, high in investment and long in time, large-area development is not facilitated, and development of the fruit industry in China is restricted to a certain extent.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for rapidly breeding dwarfed self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings, which has the advantages of short cultivation period, low cost and simple operation.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a method for rapidly breeding dwarfed self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:

1) preparing materials: selecting easily rootedThe dwarfing stock variety with strong resistance is used as a dwarfing stock seedling; 45-55 kg/mu of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and 2.5-3.5m of farmyard manure³Several insecticides per mu.

2) Building a nursery bed: selecting nursery land, leveling the ground, making strip-shaped ditch according to the standard of 20-30cm depth and 35-45cm width, and applying base fertilizer and pesticide. In mid-March, all the branches on each seedling are cut off, and the seedling branches are planted end to end in the nursery bed according to the standard of 3 rows per bed.

3) Topdressing and earthing: when about one fifthly, the nitrogen topdressing fertilizer is 4.5-5.5 kg/mu, the fertilizer is applied once every half month later until the middle ten days of 6 months, then the seedlings in the seedbed are properly covered with soil, and drip irrigation or sprinkling irrigation facilities are installed in the soil covering process to maintain reasonable soil humidity.

4) Grafting variety: and (3) preparing a grafted variety when the seedling grows to 25-30cm, completely covering the bud with the wood bud for grafting, leaving three leaves after grafting, and cutting other leaves. After one week, three leaves on the grafting buds are unbound and cut off, and the grafting buds are coated with the branching elements. And covering soil after grafting, and pinching to promote the maturity of new seedlings.

5) Watering and topdressing: watering and topdressing according to weather conditions until the middle ten days of September.

Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in:

the invention shortens the original two-year one-cycle to one-year one-cycle, and is realized under the open field condition. On one hand, the cost is saved, the covering material is saved, the repeated grafting is avoided, and the process is shortened; on the other hand, the technology is simple and easy to implement and is suitable for large-scale popularization.

Detailed Description

Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying examples, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

The first step is as follows: preparing the material

Selecting a dwarfing stock variety which is easy to root and has strong resistance as the dwarfing stock seedling; the phosphoric diamine for the fertilizer is 50 kg/mu, and the farm manure is 3m³Several imidacloprid per mu.

The second step is that: bed for building garden

Selecting nursery lands, leveling the ground, forming strip-shaped ditches in the south and north directions according to the standard of 25cm depth and 40cm width, and applying sufficient base fertilizer and pesticide. In mid-March, all branches of each seedling are cut off, and according to the standard of 3 rows per bed, the root is arranged in the north tip to the south and is connected end to end, so that the seed strips are tightly combined with the soil. Thus, the seedling branches are planted in the nursery bed. Note that the soil can not be covered but the watering can not be carried out too much in the early stage, and the aim is to improve the ground temperature.

The third step: topdressing and earthing

When about one fifthly, the new branches are grown by 15cm approximately, 5 kg/mu of urea is added, the new branches are used for covering soil for the nursery stocks in the seedbed properly every half month till the middle ten days of 6 months, and drip irrigation or sprinkling irrigation facilities are installed in the soil covering process to maintain reasonable soil humidity.

The fourth step: grafted variety

And (3) preparing a grafted variety when the seedling grows to 25-30cm, completely covering the bud with the wood bud for grafting, leaving three leaves after grafting, and cutting other leaves. After one week, three leaves on the grafting buds are unbound and cut off, and the grafting buds are coated with the branching elements. And covering soil after grafting, and pinching to promote the maturity of new seedlings.

The fifth step: watering topdressing

Watering and topdressing according to weather conditions until the fertilization is stopped in the middle ten of September.

After two and a half months of culture, the grafted seedlings grow to more than 1 meter, most of the base diameters exceed more than 1cm, the first-class seedling standard is met, and the growth amount of the grafted seedlings is close to or equal to that of traditional dwarfing self-rooted stock seedlings.

The method adopts the dwarfing stock which is easy to root as the dwarfing variety, fully utilizes the advantage of rapid rooting in the early stage to increase the early growth amount, so that the new individual can rapidly grow in the middle ten days of June to meet the grafting requirement, and along with the increase of the covering soil, the new individual can continuously absorb nutrients from the soil, separate from the nutritional relationship with the original plant and independently grow into a plant, and can rapidly grow after grafting because the nutrient is not simply absorbed from the root system of the original plant, thereby greatly shortening the cultivation period.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly breeding dwarfed self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

1) preparing materials: selecting a dwarfing stock variety which is easy to root and has strong resistance as a dwarfing stock seedling; 45-55 kg/mu of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and 2.5-3.5m of farmyard manure³A plurality of pesticides are used per mu;

2) building a nursery bed: selecting nursery lands, leveling the ground, forming strip-shaped ditches according to the standard of 20-30cm deep and 35-45cm wide, and applying sufficient base fertilizer and pesticide; in mid-March, cutting off all branches on each seedling, and performing horizontal planting on the seedling branches in an end-to-end manner into nursery beds according to the standard of 3 rows per bed;

3) topdressing and earthing: when about one fifthly, the topdressing fertilizer is 4.5-5.5 kg/mu, and the topdressing fertilizer is used once every half month later until ten days in the middle of 6 months; at the moment, the seedlings in the seedling bed are properly covered with soil, and a drip irrigation or sprinkling irrigation facility is installed in the soil covering process to maintain reasonable soil humidity;

4) grafting variety: preparing a grafted variety when the seedling grows to 25-30cm, completely covering no exposed bud with a wooden bud in grafting, remaining three leaves after grafting, cutting off other leaves, unbinding and cutting off three leaves on the grafted bud after one week, and smearing the shoot on the grafted bud; after grafting, covering soil, and pinching to promote the maturity of new nursery stocks;