CN107873288A - A kind of method of short low temperature sweet cherry graft seedling growth - Google Patents
A kind of method of short low temperature sweet cherry graft seedling growth Download PDFInfo
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- CN107873288A CN107873288A CN201711176113.7A CN201711176113A CN107873288A CN 107873288 A CN107873288 A CN 107873288A CN 201711176113 A CN201711176113 A CN 201711176113A CN 107873288 A CN107873288 A CN 107873288A
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- low temperature
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of short low temperature sweet cherry graft seedling growth, belong to technical field of plant propagation.Step includes:Short low temperature sweet cherry scion collection and preservation, the cultivating and managing of stock, the grafting of scion, grafting management.The short low temperature sweet cherry scion of Cord blood can effectively suppress scion sprout and sprout ahead of time, and cover rootstock seedling by using film, improve gentle air themperature, promote stock root system to do sth. in advance activity, prevent short low temperature sweet cherry variety from being sprouted ahead of time than rootstock seedling.Under normal circumstances, there is rudiment and growth stage and mismatch in both, the problem of easily causing graft survival rate low, and this method can effectively improve short low temperature sweet cherry graft survival rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of plant propagation, more particularly to a kind of method of short low temperature sweet cherry graft seedling growth.
Background technology
Sweet cherry is also known as large cherry or Western cherry, trade name car li, is the fruit at the end of spring and the beginning of summer listed earliest, its fruit
It is real bright in colour, it is nutritious, it is described as " treasure in fruit ".Because of its listing compared with other fruit earlier, also have " spring fruit first "
Title.American farmers large cherry is referred to as " jewel fruit ", and sweet cherry plantation is referred to as " gold planting industry ".China's sweet cherry is given birth at present
Production, based on gean, the general chilling requirement of gean is 600~1400 hours, is grown in the northern area of China
Performance is good, and at present by the Shandong of traditional planting site, Liaoning place of production is rapidly to Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Beijing, on
Sea, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Yunnan-Guizhou river etc. have the regional development for the high environment that cools, and the general chilling requirement of gean is 600
The presence of the condition limitation of~1400 hours, seriously limiting gean, it is planted in the warm regional large area of south China
Training.
In sweet cherry actual production, because short low temperature cherry variety chilling requirement is low, rudiment is early and the stock product of sweet cherry
Kind, root system is sprouted late under the conditions of open country, and the phenological period is much later than short low temperature kind.Therefore, scion variety is early sprouted already, and
Rootstock seedling is but also in resting state, and resin does not have started flowing, therefore, easily causes graft survival rate low.General sweet cherry
Engrafting method mainly have spring scion grafting and the class method of autumnbudding two.The height of sweet cherry graft survival rate, not only with grafting
Technology has outside the Pass, also relevant with grafting period, anvil fringe affinity, growth and development stage, scion quality.Shanghai Communications University sweet tea cherry
Peach seminar result of the test shows, in southern region of China, short low temperature kind such as Luo Yaming, Luo Yali 2 month early and middle ten dayses sprout
Bud, March early and middle ten dayses bloom, open country collection scion carry out grafting period have to before 2 months, and generally this period
Sweet cherry rootstock, which does not all have started, sprouts.Equally northern producing region there is also it is corresponding the problem of, frequently result in short low temperature kind and transfer
It is relatively low to be connected into motility rate, is explored according to the short low temperature sweet cherry Grafting Experiment of Shanghai Communications University, according to the grafting of common grafting method into
Motility rate is less than 3~5%.
Therefore, those skilled in the art is directed to developing a kind of nursery for improving short low temperature sweet cherry graft survival rate
Method.
The content of the invention
In view of the drawbacks described above of prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are how to improve short low temperature sweet tea cherry
The survival rate of peach grafting, improve breeding coefficient and breeding efficiency.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of method of short low temperature sweet cherry graft seedling growth.
In embodiments of the present invention, a kind of method of short low temperature sweet cherry graft seedling growth comprises the following steps:
(1) collection and preservation of short low temperature sweet cherry scion;
(2) cultivating and managing of stock;
(3) grafting of scion;
(4) grafting manages, wherein,
A diameter of 0.8~1.1cm is chosen in short low temperature sweet cherry scion in step (1), and the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school, sturdy, length are with one
Year, the increment of raw young sprout was advisable, and no disease and pests harm generates ripe young sprout then, and length chooses 11~15cm, full comprising 1~5
Bud;
Collection concretely comprises the following steps in step (1):According to the short low temperature sweet cherry scion of selection, clip young sprout, cut up and down
Mouth sealing wax, is stored in sealed plastic bag.
Preserve in step (1) concretely comprise the following steps to put the short low temperature sweet cherry scion of clip in freezer is stored, storage temperature
Spend for -3~0 DEG C;
The annual stock in step (2) being used for grafting next year uses plastics between the January of 12 then to Second Year
Film carries out covering and heat insulating, and rootstock seedling sprouts period ahead of time;
Next year does not cover the plastic sheeting for the stock of grafting in step (2), postpones the sprouting of rootstock seedling, delays and transfer
Connect the date.
Further, the stock that step (2) is chosen includes dwarfing rootstock and vigorous stock, and dwarfing rootstock includes Gisela system
GiselaNo.5, Gisela No. 6 numbers, Gisela No. 7 numbers, the Gisela No. 12 numbers of row, vigorous stock include horse Harry, folium isatidis, Chinese cherry
Peach, campstool moral, stock are suitable for sweet cherry grafting.
Preferably, dwarfing rootstock selection Gisela 6.
Further, the stock that step (2) is chosen will adapt to local environmental conditions, possess early real, high yield, high-quality, growth
Healthy and strong feature.
Further, the stock that step (2) is chosen, 10~15 days before grafting, the activity of rootstock seedling root system simultaneously started to sprout
After bud, the processing such as the seedbed of stock is cleaned, arranged and sterilized.
Further, the stock that step (2) is chosen, on the day of the grafting, carries out grafting after cutting off stock top, exists side by side
Use plastic sheeting colligation.
Further, in step (3), scion is connect after being taken out from freezer using bud or stem grafting method grafting.
Further, in step (3), lower mouth is cut to wedge shape by scion after being taken out from freezer.
Further, in step (3), scion is soaked 0.5~1.5 hour after being taken out from freezer in plant hormone.
Further, the concrete operation step of step (3) is that the concrete operation step of step (3) is to remove on stock
Film, the otch that a depth is 2~3cm is cut on stock, treated scion is inserted in otch, anvil fringe is accomplished into layer
After alignment, then tied up from bottom to top with plastic sheeting, expose bud point, after graft union healing, release plastic sheeting, grafting is complete
Into.
Further, for step (3) if using scion grafting, concrete operation step is to choose scion, and 2~3 should be stayed per fringe
Bud.Then both sides are whittled into wedge shape at the lower cm of bud 3, and bevel grows 2~3cm, smooth smooth-going;Away from 2~3cm of ground or with
Ground is put down, and blocks stock, and section is smooth, is healed with profit, and skin depth is selected in stock cross section, causes to indulge at reason smoothness and splits flatly, if
Stock is thick compared with scion, can be split partially at section 1/3;As anvil fringe thickness is consistent, it can split and cut in centre.It is smooth to split mouth, deeply about
3cm;Gently pried open with cleft grafting knife wedge portion and split mouth, scion is slowly inserted in stock, anvil fringe forming layer is accurately docked.Such as scion
It is relatively thin, partially wedge-shaped wide face need only be aligned with the forming layer of rootstock opening-cleaving, thicker stock may be inserted into two scion,
Then tied up using binding strap.
When further, using stem grafting method grafting, grafting time is the annual the end of month of first arrival in January 5, wherein using plastics
The grafting time for the stock that film covering is cultivated is the annual the end of month of first arrival in January 2, does not cover the stock that the plastic sheeting is cultivated
Grafting time can be deferred to for 5 the end of month;During the method grafting connect using bud, grafting time is annual September~October.
Further, the concrete operation step of step (4) is:In the rainy producing region in south, grafting described in whole Growing season
All cultivated in greenhouse, whole year covers the film, or megathermal period addition sunshade net, by rational ventilation, keeps temperature of shed
25~35 DEG C, humidity 55~85%, application on schedule and watering, by setting column and bracing wire to keep nursery stock vertical growth.
Further, the stock that step (2) is chosen will adapt to local environmental conditions, virus-free infection, the spy of robust growth
Sign.
Further, in northern producing region, if stock without using covering with ground sheeting or epiphragma, Second Year stock sprout it is later,
Grafting time can be postponed to by the end of May.
Further, short low temperature sweet cherry variety includes Luo Yaming, Luo Yali, Tu Leila, coral champagne etc. in step (1)
Short low temperature kind.
Technique effect
1st, temperature is put as cryopreservation in -3~0 DEG C of freezer by scion, sprouts and be combined ahead of time with reference to stock overlay film, or
Person's only low temperature+open country stock grows naturally, effectively can be extended into May the grafting period, grafting success rate can reach
More than 92%;
2nd, the scion of the short low temperature sweet cherry of cryopreservation, scion can be suppressed and sprout the characteristics of very fast, suitable for the spring in next year
Its grafting;
3rd, Growth status is controlled from dwarfing rootstock, is advantageous to dense planting;
4th, stock is cultivated by liquid manure before pass the winter film covering and grafting, and growth activity is high, is remarkably improved grafting motility rate
It is high;
5th, the short low temperature sweet cherry tree nutrition supply ability after final grafting is strong, and cherry fruit single fruit weight is high, in good taste, production
Amount dramatically increases;
Embodiment
Explanation is further explained to the present invention with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Using stem grafting method grafting, cherry rootstock is selected dwarfing rootstock, comprised the following steps that:
(1) collection and preservation of short low temperature sweet cherry scion:Short low temperature sweet cherry Luo Yali scion chooses a diameter of 0.8
~1.1cm, the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school, sturdy, length are advisable with the increment of annual young sprout, the young sprout then of no disease and pests harm, length
11~15cm is chosen, comprising 1~5 bud, clip young sprout, upper and lower clip flushes and sealing wax, prevents dehydration, is stored in sealed plastic
In bag, it is placed in freezer and stores, reserve temperature is -3~0 DEG C.
(2) cultivating and managing of stock;The stock of selection is No. 6 stocks of Gisela, to adapt to local environmental conditions, and possess
Early real, high yield, high-quality, robust growth feature, Second Year is used for the stock of grafting between December to Second Year January and uses film
Covering cultivation is carried out, grafting time for annual first arrival in January by the end of January, 10~15 days before grafting, sprouted by rootstock seedling root system activity
After bud, the processing such as stock seedbed is cleaned, arranged and sterilized;On the day of grafting, cut off the stock top and carry out grafting,
The plastic sheeting colligation is used immediately.
(3) grafting of scion;Lower mouth is cut to wedge shape by scion after being taken out from freezer, and a depth is cut on stock as 2
~3cm otch, treated scion is inserted in otch, tied from bottom to top after the alignment of anvil fringe forming layer, then with film
Prick, expose bud point, after graft union healing, release film, grafting is completed.
(4) grafting manages:In the rainy producing region in south, grafting is all cultivated in facility of taking shelter from rain described in whole Growing season,
Whole year covers the film, by rational ventilation and megathermal period Shading net covering, keeps 25~35 DEG C of temperature of shed, and humidity 55~
85%, application on schedule and watering, by setting column and bracing wire to keep nursery stock vertical growth;In northern producing region, stock covering ground
In the case of film or epiphragma, grafting time is postponed to by the end of May.
Embodiment 2
Using stem grafting method grafting, cherry rootstock is selected vigorous stock, comprised the following steps that:
(1) collection and preservation of short low temperature sweet cherry scion:Short low temperature sweet cherry Luo Yali scion chooses a diameter of 0.8
~1.1cm, the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school, sturdy, length are advisable with the increment of annual young sprout, the young sprout then of no disease and pests harm, length
11~15cm is chosen, comprising 1~5 bud, clip young sprout, clip young sprout, upper and lower clip flushes and sealing wax, prevents dehydration, preserves
In sealed plastic bag, it is placed in freezer and stores, reserve temperature is -3~0 DEG C.
(2) cultivating and managing of stock;The stock of selection is folium isatidis, to adapt to local environmental conditions, and is possessed early real, rich
Production, high-quality, robust growth feature, the stock that Second Year is used for grafting carry out covering cultivation without film, and grafting time is
Annual first arrival in March by the end of May, 10~15 days before grafting, after the activity of rootstock seedling root system and rudiment, is carried out clear to stock seedbed
The processing such as clean, arrangement and sterilization;On the day of grafting, cut off the stock top and carry out grafting, immediately using the plastic sheeting
Colligation.
(3) grafting of scion;Lower mouth is cut to wedge shape by scion after being taken out from freezer, and a depth is cut on stock as 2
~3cm otch, treated scion is inserted in otch, then is tied up from bottom to top with film, exposes bud point, graft union is cured
After conjunction, film and cotton are released, grafting is completed.
(4) grafting manages:In the rainy producing region in south, grafting is all cultivated in greenhouse described in whole Growing season, annual
The film is covered, by rational ventilation, keeps 25~35 DEG C of temperature of shed, humidity 55~865%, application on schedule and watering,
By setting column and bracing wire to keep nursery stock vertical growth;In northern producing region, stock need not cover mulch film, and grafting time is postponed
To by the end of May.
Embodiment 3
Using budding method grafting, cherry rootstock is selected semi-dwarfing rootstock, comprised the following steps that:
(1) collection and preservation of short low temperature sweet cherry scion:Short low temperature sweet cherry Tu Leila scion chooses a diameter of 0.8
~1.1cm, the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school, sturdy, length are advisable with the increment of annual young sprout, the young sprout then of no disease and pests harm, length
11~15cm is chosen, is flushed comprising 1~5 bud, clip young sprout, upper and lower clip.
(2) cultivating and managing of stock;The stock of selection is cherry, to adapt to local environmental conditions, and possess it is early it is real,
High yield, high-quality, the feature of robust growth, the stock that Second Year is used for grafting carry out covering training in autumn then with film
Educate, grafting time be annual September first arrival by the end of October, 10~15 days before grafting, after rootstock seedling root system activity rudiment, to anvil
Wooden seedling bed such as is cleaned, arranged and sterilized at the processing;On the day of grafting, using budding method, with plastic sheeting colligation.
(3) grafting of scion;Choose and grow sturdy young sprout, the sprout on young sprout is full, ripe, intact, removes blade
It is laterally deep to cut 1/3 up to xylem afterwards with grafting knife at the following 2.5cm that budders, then take advantage of a situation to put down upwards and cut the top 1cm that budders
Place, it is then horizontal at the top 0.7cm that budders to cut a knife, as deep as xylem, you can remove approximate rectangular sprout tuber.Bud is taken cutting
While block, in stock away from the centimeters of ground 5~10, smooth is selected to cut into T-shaped interface with knife, as deep as xylem, its
Length is defined by that can just accommodate sprout tuber.The sprout tuber insertion anvil seedling interface taken will be cut, make sprout tuber and interface tight connecting.Then
With plastics cloth, by otch, all bundle is tight from top to down, only exposes axillary bud and petiole, and grafting is completed.
(4) grafting manages:In the rainy producing region in south, grafting is all cultivated in greenhouse described in whole Growing season, annual
The film is covered, by rational ventilation, 25~35 DEG C of temperature of shed, humidity 55~85%, application on schedule and watering is kept, leads to
Cross setting column and bracing wire keeps nursery stock vertical growth.Northern area pays attention to holding soil moisture and fertilising, promotes grafting suitable
Profit is sprouted and next year growth.
Preferred embodiment of the invention described in detail above.It should be appreciated that the ordinary skill of this area is without wound
The property made work can makes many modifications and variations according to the design of the present invention.Therefore, all technician in the art
Pass through the available technology of logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment on the basis of existing technology under this invention's idea
Scheme, all should be in the protection domain being defined in the patent claims.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. method of short low temperature sweet cherry graft seedling growth, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:(1) collection and preservation of short low temperature sweet cherry scion;(2) cultivating and managing of stock;(3) grafting of scion;(4) grafting manages, whereinA diameter of 0.8~1.1cm is chosen in short low temperature sweet cherry scion described in step (1), and the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school, sturdy, length are with one Year, the increment of raw young sprout was advisable, and no disease and pests harm generates ripe young sprout then, and length chooses 11~15cm, full comprising 1~5 Bud;What is gathered described in step (1) concretely comprises the following steps:It is new described in clip according to the short low temperature sweet cherry scion of selection The tip, upper and lower clip flushes and sealing wax, is stored in sealed plastic bag;Preserve in step (1) concretely comprise the following steps to put the short low temperature sweet cherry scion of clip in freezer is stored, storage temperature Spend for -3~0 DEG C;The annual stock in step (2) being used for grafting next year uses plastics between the January of 12 then to Second Year Film carries out covering and heat insulating, and the rootstock seedling sprouts period ahead of time;Next year does not cover the plastic sheeting for the stock of grafting in step (2), postpones the sprouting of the rootstock seedling, prolongs The grafting date afterwards.
- 2. the method for short low temperature sweet cherry graft seedling growth as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (2) is chosen The stock include:GiselaNo.5, Gisela 6, Gisela 7, Gisela 12, horse Harry, folium isatidis, Chinese cherry Peach, campstool moral, the stock are suitable for sweet cherry grafting.
- 3. the method for short low temperature sweet cherry graft seedling growth as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that using stem grafting method grafting When, the grafting time is the annual the end of month of first arrival in January 5, wherein the stock cultivated using the covered rearing with plastic film Grafting time is the annual the end of month of first arrival in January 2, does not cover the grafting time for the stock that the plastic sheeting is cultivated and can prolong Late 5 the end of month;During the method grafting connect using bud, the grafting time is annual September~October.
- 4. the method for short low temperature sweet cherry graft seedling growth as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (2) is chosen The stock, 10~15 days before the grafting, rootstock seedling root system activity and after starting rudiment, to the stock Cleaned, arranged and disinfected in seedbed.
- 5. the method for short low temperature sweet cherry graft seedling growth as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (2) is chosen The stock, on the day of the grafting, cut off the stock top and carry out grafting, immediately using the plastic sheeting colligation.
- 6. the method for short low temperature sweet cherry graft seedling growth as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (3) The scion is connect after being taken out from the freezer using bud or stem grafting method grafting.
- 7. the method for short low temperature sweet cherry graft seedling growth as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the tool of the step (3) Body operating procedure is to remove the film on the stock, and the otch that a depth is 2~3cm is cut on the stock, will In the treated scion insertion otch, anvil fringe forming layer is alignd, then tied up from bottom to top with the plastic sheeting, is revealed Go out bud point, after graft union healing, release the plastic sheeting, the grafting is completed.
- 8. the method for short low temperature sweet cherry graft seedling growth as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the tool of the step (4) Body operating procedure is:In the rainy producing region in south, grafting is all cultivated in greenhouse described in whole Growing season, and whole year covering is described thin Film, sunshade net is added in the megathermal period, by rational ventilation, keep 25~35 DEG C of temperature of shed, humidity 55~85%, application on schedule And watering, by setting column and bracing wire to keep nursery stock vertical growth.
- 9. the method for short low temperature sweet cherry graft seedling growth as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (2) is chosen The stock to adapt to local environmental conditions, virus-free infection, the feature of robust growth.
- 10. the method for short low temperature sweet cherry graft seedling growth as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that described in northern producing region If stock, without using covering with ground sheeting, stock described in Second Year is sprouted later, therefore the grafting time can be postponed to May.
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CN109328835A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-15 | 山西果信农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of large cherry facility plastic greenhouse room temperature management method |
CN110892826A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-03-20 | 湖南百优特现代农业科技有限公司 | High-yield technology for grafting large cherry branches on high piles in low-cold-quantity areas |
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CN105830850A (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-08-10 | 山东省果树研究所 | Quick cultivation method of grafted sweet cherry seedlings |
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