CN103340101A - Method for screening and authenticating tree stock materials for grafting - Google Patents
Method for screening and authenticating tree stock materials for grafting Download PDFInfo
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- CN103340101A CN103340101A CN2013102372998A CN201310237299A CN103340101A CN 103340101 A CN103340101 A CN 103340101A CN 2013102372998 A CN2013102372998 A CN 2013102372998A CN 201310237299 A CN201310237299 A CN 201310237299A CN 103340101 A CN103340101 A CN 103340101A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for screening and authenticating tree stock materials for grafting. The method comprises the steps of firstly, conducting glossy authentication on cucumbers, and secondly, conducting selfing breeding on the tree stocks. The glossy character authentication of the tree stocks can be completed through the two steps and for about 250 days, expanding breeding is also carried out on the tree stock materials, the glossy tree stock authentication application progress is shortened, one crop growth generation time is used for solving the problem which two crop growth generations can solve, working efficiency is improved, time is saved, and the development application progress is shortened. Difficulty for keeping the glossy character of stock pumpkin materials is reduced. Expanding breeding tree stock materials are authenticated through the method, the accuracy rate is high, the method is simple, convenient and easy to operate, and the mixed risks of parent materials in the links such as selfing, storage and grafting are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of parent's selection, relate in particular to the process for screening and identifying that the stock material is used in a kind of grafting.
Background technology
" glossy " type pumpkin rootstock that the black seed type pumpkin rootstock of using in the present protection purpleflower violet herb grafting cultivation is introduced from Japan gradually replaces; " glossy " type pumpkin rootstock is except having the cucumber cultivation of solution continuous cropping obstacle; improve beyond the characteristic of root system disease resistance; also possess and obviously to remove sugar-preserved gourd surface wax powder, improve the characteristic of cucumber commodity.
But maintenance, discriminating and the screening of " glossy " type pumpkin rootstock " glossy " characteristic exist program loaded down with trivial details, and it is long to expend the cycle, preserve problems such as difficulty is big:
One, discriminating, the store method of " glossy " proterties are loaded down with trivial details: " glossy " proterties of grafting cucumber has only the sugar-preserved gourd that grows out by grafting to carry out, can't be by the botanical character identification of pumpkin, guarantee that with the glossy proterties of using discovery first-filial generation pumpkin prerequisite is that parents possess " glossy " proterties after deliberation simultaneously, the numerous application of expansion that identifies production based on above grafting from the parent length that expends time in, program is loaded down with trivial details.
Two, existing glossy type pumpkin rootstock is identified, the production stage time is long: its step comprises: 1, individual plant selfing is bred, and obtains about 200 of single melon parental seeds, and its step is consuming time at 120 days; 2, get 10 seeds and carry out the evaluation of grafting green cucumber " glossy " type, its step is consuming time at 90 days; 3, the parent behind the accreditation expands numerously, and it is consuming time at 120 days.More than three steps to need altogether to finish 330 day time.
Therefore, these problems have all influenced seed selection, practice only requires both can to have identified stock " glossy " proterties generation time with 1 plant growth, can carry out seed to qualified pumpkin rootstock the present age again expands numerous, shorten the evaluation of " glossy " type pumpkin rootstock, breeding cycle, increase work efficiency, reduction mixes risk, improve breeding efficiency, shorten the method for research and development process.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the deficiency in the above-mentioned technology, provide a kind of easy and simple to handle, cycle is short, and link is few, only both can identify stock " glossy " proterties generation time with 1 plant growth, can carry out seed to qualified pumpkin rootstock the present age again expands numerous, shortening " glossy " type pumpkin rootstock is identified, the breeding cycle, has improved operating efficiency, has reduced to mix risk, improve breeding efficiency, the grafting process for screening and identifying of stock material that shortens the research and development process.
For achieving the above object, the technology used in the present invention means are: a kind of grafting process for screening and identifying of stock material, and its step comprises:
Step 1, the evaluation of cucumber " glossy " property
The stock sowing: the seed soaking of pumpkin rootstock seed normal temperature as for vernalization under 30 ℃ of environment, after 36 hours, was seeded in the seedling-cultivating tray after 80% above pumpkin seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after 8 hours;
The scion sowing: after treating that stock all sprouted in 5-7 days at interval, after said method vernalization, the sowing cucumber seed is in the square plate of growing seedlings, and seedling medium treats to spray 1500 times of liquid of tpn 70% wetting powder after scion all sprouts the control fungal disease with the fine sand of sterilizing;
The grafting of tip cutting method: stock pinching, treat stock cotyledon length to 1 leaf, 1 heart, cucumber scion cotyledon fully launches the back with the grafting of tip cutting method, now the stock growing point is removed; Jack, reverse along the cotyledon line with the special-purpose grafting pricker of grafting, to below oblique cutting one hole of another cotyledon, long 0.8 to 1 centimetre of jack, the degree of depth is advisable with the epidermis that bamboo let just pushes up the seedling stem; Cut bud, cut cucumber seedling, get cucumber seedling, with blade under cotyledon a side, apart from 0.5 centimetre of cotyledon with interior distant place, tiltedly partial application is whittled into monocline seedling shape to the seedling stem; Peg graft: after the cucumber seedling fringe cuts, extract bamboo let from pumpkin seedling stem immediately, and the jack that inserts pumpkin seedling stem under scarf one side direction of cucumber seedling stem, the cucumber seedling stem will be inserted into the most bottom of jack, the jack bottom is not interspaced; Moisture-keeping shading, peg graft immediately grafting is put into the seedbed grafting after good after the seedbed detain little shed insulation, with the canopy sealing more than 3 days, humidity keeps 100%, humidity need be watered end water inadequately again, keeps 25-30 ℃ of environmental temperature, and external application sunshade net or woven bag etc. shade, grafting prolonged light application time in 3 days later on gradually, take off film gradually and leak informaton, can survive in 10 days after the grafting, temperature keeps 26～30 ℃ of daytimes, 15 ℃ of nights, the thing that will shade after 3～4 days is opened from less to more gradually, makes seedling see light, and leaks informaton gradually, illogical end wind before surviving, after opening the thing that shades, young plant beats and covers when listless again, repeatedly after several days, seedling just not beat listless, show to survive that the thing that will shade all removes, grafting survives in the process, seedbed humidity is bigger, and grafting was sprayed tpn after 3～4 days, the carbendazim diseases prevention;
Field planting: after the grafting 22～28 days, the grafting of 2 leaves, 1 heart robust growth is colonizated in the field, seeding row spacing 0.6*0.9m, fully watering guarantees to survive;
Reserve the stock rudiment: when the slow seedling of grafting grows into 10 above true leaves, select healthy and strong bud point in the middle of sprouting the stock rudiment at the callus place and stay, all the other rudiments are all removed, and size is moderate, standard is 10 true leaves of grafting, the 1st true leaf 1 coin-dividing size of stock rudiment;
Training management: the grafting cucumber seedling takes to hang climing method, and normal growth is climbed growth stock bud seedling, and the cucumber seedling of grafting at this moment is in growth vigor, guarantees that rootstock seedling accepts normal illumination;
Cucumber " glossy " is identified: after the field planting 42～48 days, treat that grafting green cucumber seedling female flower seat firmly, during young fruit length to 20 centimeter, the powder that can dewax has been investigated, and takes from the cucumber children melon of taking root and compares, and there is one deck white wax powder on visible own-rooted tree children melon surface, young melon surface is glossy from taking root, wax powder-free is carried out respective record, and the evaluation of " glossy " property is finished;
Step 2, stock self propagated
Remove the cucumber symbiosis seedling: the stock material symbiosis cucumber plant that " glossy " property that will filter out is qualified is cut, and notes not injuring callus, influences the rootstock seedling growth;
Rootstock seedling training management: will reserve rootstock seedling in advance and hang climing training, and strengthen rich water quality management, and promote growth;
Stock pumpkin self propagated: the bud bagging, hang and overgrow long 28～32 days, stock cushaw leaf sheet grows to 15～18 joints, can see female flower, get and be about to open female flower next day, tie corolla with rubber band, pollination self is taken from the open male flower of body plant and is complied with the isolation of quadrat method cap bag, between 7: 40～8: 20 morning of next day, take male flower, peel off corolla, expose stamen flower pesticide, the female flower rubber band is removed, expose column cap, male flower pollen is applied in column cap gently, finish pollination self; Bagging is isolated, and after the pollination female flower corolla is tied with rubber band again, prevents that insect such as honeybee from invading, and carries out mark, and whole process is wanted rapidly, and notices that smearing the sterilization finger with alcohol waits positions such as touching flower, prevents from mixing;
Pumpkin is gathered: young melon pollination is gathered after 45 days and is got seed, and the breeding of stock material is finished.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: utilize grafting cucumber symbiosis seedling callus place, but the characteristic of stock rudiment continued growth, carry out the training management, coordination is nourished and grown, in 1 plant growth cycle, both finished the evaluation of stock " glossy " proterties, carried out expanding numerous to the stock material again, shorten " glossy " swage block wood and identify application process, 2 problems that plant growth could solve have from generation to generation been solved generation time with 1 plant growth, improved operating efficiency, saved time and shortened the research and development application process; Reduced the difficulty that anvil keeps with pumpkin material " glossy " proterties.Adopting said method is identified and is expanded numerous stock material, the accuracy rate height, and method is simple, reduced the mix risk of parent material in links such as selfing, storage, grafting, selfings.
Embodiment
A kind of grafting process for screening and identifying of stock material, its step comprises:
The first step: cucumber " glossy " property evaluation
1. stock sowing: the seed soaking of pumpkin rootstock seed normal temperature as for vernalization under 30 ℃ of environment, after 36 hours, was seeded in the 50 hole seedling-cultivating trays after 80% above pumpkin seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after 8 hours, and seedling medium is bought finished product or the autogamy seedling nutritious soil gets final product.
2. scion sowing: after treating that stock all sprouted in 5～7 days at interval, after said method vernalization, the sowing cucumber seed is in the square plate of growing seedlings, the seedling medium fine sand of sterilizing, make things convenient for the grafting operation, treat to spray 1500 times of liquid of tpn 70% wetting powder after scion all sprouts the control fungal disease.
3. tip cutting method grafting:
Stock pinching: treat stock cotyledon length to 1 leaf, 1 heart, cucumber scion cotyledon fully launches the back with the grafting of tip cutting method, now the stock growing point is removed;
Jack: reverse along the cotyledon line with the special-purpose grafting pricker of grafting, to below oblique cutting one hole of another cotyledon, long 0.8 to 1 centimetre of jack, the degree of depth is just pushed up the epidermis of seedling stem for suitable with bamboo let;
Cut bud: cut cucumber seedling, get cucumber seedling, with blade under cotyledon a side, apart from 0.5 centimetre of cotyledon with interior distant place, tiltedly partial application is whittled into monocline seedling shape to the seedling stem;
Peg graft: after the cucumber seedling fringe cuts, extract bamboo let from pumpkin seedling stem immediately, and the jack that inserts pumpkin seedling stem under scarf one side direction of cucumber seedling stem.The cucumber seedling stem will be inserted into the most bottom of jack, and the jack bottom is not interspaced.
Moisture-keeping shading: little shed insulation is detained in the seedbed after immediately grafting being put into the seedbed grafting after pegging graft well, seal canopy more than 3 days, humidity keeps 100%, humidity need be watered end water inadequately again, keep 25～30 ℃ of environmental temperatures, external application sunshade net or woven bag etc. shade, and grafting prolonged light application time in 3 days later on gradually, take off film gradually and leak informaton, can survive in 10 days after the grafting.Temperature keeps 28 ℃ of daytimes, and at 15 ℃ of nights, the thing that will shade after 3～4 days is opened from less to more gradually, makes seedling see light, and leaks informaton gradually, illogical end wind before surviving.After opening the thing that shades, young plant beats and covers when listless again, and repeatedly after several days, seedling is not just beating listlessly, shows to survive that the thing that will shade all removes.Grafting survives in the process, and seedbed humidity is bigger, and medicine diseases preventions such as tpn, carbendazim are sprayed in grafting after 3～4 days.
4. field planting: after the grafting 25 days, the grafting of 2 leaves, 1 heart robust growth is colonizated in the field, seeding row spacing 0.6*0.9m, fully watering guarantees to survive;
5. reserve the stock rudiment: this step is the most key, when the slow seedling of grafting grows into 10 above true leaves, selects healthy and strong bud point in the middle of sprouting the stock rudiment at the callus place and stays, and all the other rudiments are all removed.Size is moderate, and standard is 10 true leaves of grafting, the 1st true leaf 1 coin-dividing size of stock rudiment.
6. training management: the grafting cucumber seedling takes to hang climing method, and normal growth is climbed growth stock bud seedling, and the cucumber seedling of grafting at this moment is in growth vigor, guarantees that rootstock seedling accepts normal illumination.
7. cucumber " glossy " is identified: after the field planting 45 days, treat that grafting green cucumber seedling female flower seat firmly, during young fruit length to 20 centimeter, the powder that can dewax has been investigated, and takes from the cucumber children melon of taking root and compares, and there is one deck white wax powder on visible own-rooted tree children melon surface, young melon surface is glossy from taking root, wax powder-free is carried out respective record, and the evaluation of " glossy " property is finished.
Second step: stock self propagated
8. remove the cucumber symbiosis seedling: the stock material symbiosis cucumber plant that " glossy " property that will filter out is qualified is cut, and notes not injuring callus, influences the rootstock seedling growth;
9. rootstock seedling training management: will reserve rootstock seedling in advance and hang climing training, and strengthen rich water quality management, and promote growth.
10. stock pumpkin self propagated
The bud bagging: hang and overgrow long 30 days, stock cushaw leaf sheet grows to 15～18 joints, can see female flower, gets and is about to open female flower next day, ties corolla with rubber band;
Pollination self: take from the body plant and be about to open male flower according to isolating (if male and female flower flowering asynchronism with the quadrat method cap bag, can wait next female flower exploitation, till finishing selfing), the next mornings 8 point, take male flower, peel off corolla, expose stamen flower pesticide, the female flower rubber band is removed, expose column cap, male flower pollen is applied in column cap gently, finishes pollination self;
Bagging is isolated: after the pollination female flower corolla is tied with rubber band again, prevent that insect such as honeybee from invading, carry out mark, whole process is wanted rapidly, and notices that smearing the sterilization finger with alcohol waits positions such as touching flower, prevents from mixing.
11. pumpkin is gathered: young melon pollination is gathered after 45 days and is got seed, and the breeding of stock material is finished.
Whole process finishes, and whole growing is lasted 250 days.
Compare with existing screening technique, saved 80 day time, reduced once plantation.Advantage of the present invention is utilized grafting cucumber symbiosis seedling callus place, but the characteristic of stock rudiment continued growth is carried out the training management, coordination is nourished and grown, both finished the evaluation of stock " glossy " proterties in 1 plant growth cycle, it is numerous again the stock material have been carried out expansion, has the following advantages:
1. shorten " glossy " swage block wood and identify application process.Solved 2 problems that plant growth could solve from generation to generation generation time with 1 plant growth, improved operating efficiency, saved time and shortened the research and development application process.
2. reduced the difficulty that anvil keeps with pumpkin material " glossy " proterties.Adopting said method is identified and is expanded numerous stock material, the accuracy rate height, and method is simple, reduced the mix risk of parent material in links such as selfing, storage, grafting, selfings.
Be specific embodiments of the invention more than, its role is to content of the present invention is further described in detail, the reader is more readily understood, but does not constitute protection of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (1)
1. a grafting is characterized in that step comprises with the process for screening and identifying of stock material:
Step 1, the evaluation of cucumber " glossy " property
The stock sowing: the seed soaking of pumpkin rootstock seed normal temperature as for vernalization under 30 ℃ of environment, after 36 hours, was seeded in the seedling-cultivating tray after 80% above pumpkin seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after 8 hours;
The scion sowing: after treating that stock all sprouted in 5-7 days at interval, after said method vernalization, the sowing cucumber seed is in the square plate of growing seedlings, and seedling medium treats to spray 1500 times of liquid of tpn 70% wetting powder after scion all sprouts the control fungal disease with the fine sand of sterilizing;
The grafting of tip cutting method: stock pinching, treat stock cotyledon length to 1 leaf, 1 heart, cucumber scion cotyledon fully launches the back with the grafting of tip cutting method, now the stock growing point is removed; Jack, reverse along the cotyledon line with the special-purpose grafting pricker of grafting, to below oblique cutting one hole of another cotyledon, long 0.8 to 1 centimetre of jack, the degree of depth is advisable with the epidermis that bamboo let just pushes up the seedling stem; Cut bud, cut cucumber seedling, get cucumber seedling, with blade under cotyledon a side, apart from 0.5 centimetre of cotyledon with interior distant place, tiltedly partial application is whittled into monocline seedling shape to the seedling stem; Peg graft: after the cucumber seedling fringe cuts, extract bamboo let from pumpkin seedling stem immediately, and the jack that inserts pumpkin seedling stem under scarf one side direction of cucumber seedling stem, the cucumber seedling stem will be inserted into the most bottom of jack, the jack bottom is not interspaced; Moisture-keeping shading, peg graft immediately grafting is put into the seedbed grafting after good after the seedbed detain little shed insulation, with the canopy sealing more than 3 days, humidity keeps 100%, humidity need be watered end water inadequately again, keeps 25-30 ℃ of environmental temperature, and external application sunshade net or woven bag etc. shade, grafting prolonged light application time in 3 days later on gradually, take off film gradually and leak informaton, can survive in 10 days after the grafting, temperature keeps 26～30 ℃ of daytimes, 15 ℃ of nights, the thing that will shade after 3～4 days is opened from less to more gradually, makes seedling see light, and leaks informaton gradually, illogical end wind before surviving, after opening the thing that shades, young plant beats and covers when listless again, repeatedly after several days, seedling just not beat listless, show to survive that the thing that will shade all removes, grafting survives in the process, seedbed humidity is bigger, and grafting was sprayed tpn after 3～4 days, the carbendazim diseases prevention;
Field planting: after the grafting 22～28 days, the grafting of 2 leaves, 1 heart robust growth is colonizated in the field, seeding row spacing 0.6*0.9m, fully watering guarantees to survive;
Reserve the stock rudiment: when the slow seedling of grafting grows into 10 above true leaves, select healthy and strong bud point in the middle of sprouting the stock rudiment at the callus place and stay, all the other rudiments are all removed, and size is moderate, standard is 10 true leaves of grafting, the 1st true leaf 1 coin-dividing size of stock rudiment;
Training management: the grafting cucumber seedling takes to hang climing method, and normal growth is climbed growth stock bud seedling, and the cucumber seedling of grafting at this moment is in growth vigor, guarantees that rootstock seedling accepts normal illumination;
Cucumber " glossy " is identified: after the field planting 42～48 days, treat that grafting green cucumber seedling female flower seat firmly, during young fruit length to 20 centimeter, the powder that can dewax has been investigated, and takes from the cucumber children melon of taking root and compares, and there is one deck white wax powder on visible own-rooted tree children melon surface, young melon surface is glossy from taking root, wax powder-free is carried out respective record, and the evaluation of " glossy " property is finished;
Step 2, stock self propagated
Remove the cucumber symbiosis seedling: the stock material symbiosis cucumber plant that " glossy " property that will filter out is qualified is cut, and notes not injuring callus, influences the rootstock seedling growth;
Rootstock seedling training management: will reserve rootstock seedling in advance and hang climing training, and strengthen rich water quality management, and promote growth;
Stock pumpkin self propagated: the bud bagging, hang and overgrow long 28～32 days, stock cushaw leaf sheet grows to 15～18 joints, can see female flower, get and be about to open female flower next day, tie corolla with rubber band, pollination self is taken from the open male flower of body plant and is complied with the isolation of quadrat method cap bag, between 7: 40～8: 20 morning of next day, take male flower, peel off corolla, expose stamen flower pesticide, the female flower rubber band is removed, expose column cap, male flower pollen is applied in column cap gently, finish pollination self; Bagging is isolated, and after the pollination female flower corolla is tied with rubber band again, prevents that insect such as honeybee from invading, and carries out mark, and whole process is wanted rapidly, and notices that smearing the sterilization finger with alcohol waits positions such as touching flower, prevents from mixing;
Pumpkin is gathered: young melon pollination is gathered after 45 days and is got seed, and the breeding of stock material is finished.
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| CN103688848A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-04-02 | 青岛金妈妈农业科技有限公司 | Three-way cross hybrid breeding method of cucumber root stock |
| CN103766215A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-07 | 郑州大学 | Cucumber grafting method |
| CN109429758A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-03-08 | 遵义县秋之丰园林绿化有限公司 | A kind of screening test method of Mexico Salvia japonica graft stock |
| CN114766224A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-07-22 | 青岛金妈妈农业科技有限公司 | Method for rapid propagation of cucumber stock material seeds |
| CN114885694A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-08-12 | 青岛金妈妈农业科技有限公司 | Method for obtaining root rot resistant cucumber stock material seeds |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103688848A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-04-02 | 青岛金妈妈农业科技有限公司 | Three-way cross hybrid breeding method of cucumber root stock |
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| CN103766215A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-07 | 郑州大学 | Cucumber grafting method |
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| CN109429758A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-03-08 | 遵义县秋之丰园林绿化有限公司 | A kind of screening test method of Mexico Salvia japonica graft stock |
| CN114766224A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-07-22 | 青岛金妈妈农业科技有限公司 | Method for rapid propagation of cucumber stock material seeds |
| CN114885694A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-08-12 | 青岛金妈妈农业科技有限公司 | Method for obtaining root rot resistant cucumber stock material seeds |
| CN114766224B (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2023-09-15 | 青岛金妈妈农业科技有限公司 | Method for rapidly propagating cucumber stock material seeds |
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|---|---|
| CN103340101B (en) | 2014-10-08 |
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