CN103081699A - Oil camellia bud seedling stock-grafting propagation method in winter and spring - Google Patents
Oil camellia bud seedling stock-grafting propagation method in winter and spring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oil camellia bud seedling stock-grafting propagation method in winter and spring. The oil camellia bud seedling stock-grafting propagation method in winter and spring comprises processes such as stock cultivation, seedling growing bed preparation, seedling growing container preparation, grafting, grafted seedling planting, and seedling management. By heating a germination bed in winter and spring and utilizing the lifting-type seedling growing bed for growing seedlings, oil camellia bud seedling stock-grafting and grafted seedling cultivation are achieved in winter and spring, cultivation in an enclosed high-temperature and high-moisture environment is guaranteed for the initial stage of the oil camellia bud seedling stock-grafting, the survival rate reaches to 98.56%, average height in the same year reaches to 28.34 cm, and the ground diameter is 3.56 mm. Therefore, the survival rate of the grafted seedlings is increased, the grafted seedlings are capable of coming out of a nursery in the same year, the seedling cultivation circle is shortened, the using rate of cutting wood is increased, and the survival rate and seedling growing quality of oil camellia large-scale grafting are effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the propagation method of a kind of oil tea, particularly a kind of oil tea winter-spring season sprout stock propagation by grafiting method.
Background technology
Oil tea (
CamelliaSpp.) be the oil species that have productive value in the Theaceae Camellia most, sensu lato oil tea refers to that in Camellia Plants, the seed oil content is higher, and has certain cultivation to manage the general designation of the seeds of area.Oil tea originates in and main the cultivation in China, and with olive, oil palm, coconut and be called the large traditional oil tree in the world four, the whole nation has approximately 4,000,000 hm of camellia oleifera lam area now
2, account for more than 80% of China's woody edible oil material seeds area under cultivation.The major product of oil tea is tea oil, is the health type edible oil that united state food and agricultural organization emphasis is promoted, and its unsaturated fatty acid content is described as " east olive oil " up to more than 90%.In recent years, because country widelys popularize the oil tea plantation, the demand of nursery stock resource is especially aobvious in short supply.
Mainly contain three kinds of sprout stock grafting, autumn branches method and cuttages in the asexual reproduction method of oil tea, wherein the sprout stock grafting due to easy and simple to handle, survival rate is high and grafting survival after growth most widely used aborning rapidly.Oil tea can be taken out the tip repeatedly in 1 year, mainly contain the spring tip, summer shoot and autumn growth, and in producing at present, the sprout stock graft seedling growth mainly carries out in 5～June, what utilize is the spring tip, availability to autumn growth is low, not only cause fringe bar waste, and due to the grafting initial stage nursery stock need cultivate under the hot and humid environment condition of sealing, thereby very easily be subjected to the impact of damage by disease and insect and be lowered into motility rate.We find by test for many years, utilize autumn growth to carry out the sprout stock grafting in winter, spring, can effectively improve fringe bar availability, shortening seedling raise period and the wooden amount of nursery stock good.The relevant report of have not yet to see the oil tea winter, carrying out the sprout stock grafting spring.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention: be the technical problem that the solution oil tea utilizes autumn growth to carry out the sprout stock grafting in winter, spring, the propagation method of the oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock grafting that a kind of fringe bar availability is high, cultivation period is short, graft survival rate is high, seedling quality is excellent, seedling cost is low is provided.
The present invention is achieved in that
A kind of oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock propagation by grafiting method, comprise the stock cultivation, seedling bed is prepared, and container for plant growth is prepared, grafting, the grafting of planting, the seedling management operation, by germination bed is heated, the elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed is grown seedlings in the Winter-Spring, can quickly breeding Winter-Spring sprout stock grafting oil tea nursery stock, main operational steps is as follows:
(1) stock is cultivated: concrete operations are in 10～November, ripe Property of Tea oil Tree Fruit is plucked got kind, in cool canopy ground or select leeward on the sunny side, the open area of good water permeability builds underground heat oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock and cultivates bed, or employing elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed is oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock cultivation bed, potassium permanganate with 0.1% carries out disinfection to Seed of Camellia oleifera, the Seed of Camellia oleifera of rinsing well is tiled in to cultivate carries out sand Tibetan vernalization on bed;
(2) seedling bed is prepared: the elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed is set in cool canopy, and the elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed arranges cover film;
(3) container for plant growth is prepared: the container for plant growth matrix of packing into is placed in the elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed, sterilizes standby;
(4) grafting: in 1～February, will urge the oil tea stock of bud to take out in germination bed, clear water be cleaned, and cuts stock; Semi-lignified or lignified fringe bar are whittled into single leaf simple bud scion of 2～3cm; The scion of cutting is carefully inserted in the stock of riving, guarantee to have at least the formation layer alignment of one side stock and scion, wrap up in, clutch with the aluminium suitcase;
(5) grafting of planting: the nursery stock that grafts is planted in container for plant growth, and the depth of planting has just been buried with the seed of stock and has been advisable, and irrigates water immediately; Water and prop the moisturizing of bow member cover film with bamboo chip afterwards;
(6) seedling management: carry out mainly that rudiment is wiped out, the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect.
Above-described elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed, the pressure lifting type seedling raising bed that adopts the applicant to invent, China Patent No. CN201110072188.7; Pressure lifting type seedling raising bed is arranged in geosyncline operation and go up ground when adopting sunshine.
Above-described pressure lifting type seedling raising bed or add illumination lamp and/or heater.
Above-described matrix is yellow soil and/or the matrix of sneaking into a small amount of husk, peat soil.
Above-described container for plant growth is nutrition cup or the nutritious bag of making of biodegradable fiber material or plastic film, and the container for plant growth specification is 8cm * 12cm.
The above-described stock of cutting is that radicle length with the oil tea stock is controlled in 8cm, and 2～3cm place cuts off above the plumule cotyledon, along medulla, stock is rived downwards from otch, and the degree of depth 1.4～1.6cm.
Above-described to cut scion be that oil tea scion bottom is kept 1.8～2.1cm apart from axillalry bud is long, and the lower end is whittled into double inclined plane with grafting knife and is wedge, inclined-plane 1.3～1.5cm, and the bud upper end keeps 2～3mm.
The above seedling management is after grafting survival, execute per month the bran cake liquid manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed for 1～2 time, at grafting growth animated period, carried out foliage fertilization 1 time in every 10～15 days, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone take concentration as 0.2～0.3% spray blade, and in conjunction with foliar application, add with 1000～2000 times of liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000～1200 times of liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder.
The present invention has the following advantages with respect to prior art:
1, the present invention carries out the grafting of oil-tea sprout anvil in winter-spring season, cultivate the grafting nursery stock at the lifting seedling bed, guaranteed that oil-tea sprout anvil grafting initial stage needs cultivate under the hot and humid environment condition of sealing, survival rate is up to 98.56%, thereby improves the grafting plant percent.
2, the present invention carries out the grafting of oil-tea sprout anvil in winter-spring season; grafting average height then reaches 28.34cm; leading thread is 3.56mm; nursery stock can go out the garden then; not only shortened growing-seedling period; improve the availability of fringe bar, and can effectively improve survival rate and the seedling growth quality of oil tea scale grafting.
Embodiment
By specific embodiment given below, can further be well understood to the present invention, but they not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
1, stock is cultivated
On October 26th, 2011, after being collected the abundant maturation of the soft family fruit of common oil tea Cen in the garden, fetches forest-science academy, Guangxi oil tea excellent strain, and Exposure to Sunlight was dried in the shade after 2 days, and the taking-up seed of manually peeling off is selected disease-freely, and a grain full tea seed is greatly planted.Seed is pulled out after clear water soaked 2 hours put into 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate and soaked 20 minutes, after taking out, clear water rinses.
Ground is high with brick one-tenth 30cm in cool canopy, 1m is wide, and 10m is long builds up underground heat oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock and cultivate bed, adopts ground heater wire heating, first cultivating the approximately thick fresh mild-crude river sand of 10cm of bottom paving one deck, then the seed of rinsing well is tiled in and cultivates on bed, lay the 15kg seed on the cultivation bed of every square metre, cover the thick wet sand of 10～12cm, note keeping river sand moistening, carry out sand and hide vernalization, humidity is with agglomerating with grasped, and loosing one's grip scatters is advisable.Cultivate the bed upper film and cover, surrounding sandstone compacting prevents from being opened by wind.Cultivate bed and control 23～25 ℃ of temperature, after mid-January, observation in every 5 days is husky rudiment situation of hiding seed once, husky hide 30 days afterwards visible 32.42% seed grow radicle, after 50 days, 78.61% seed base-root obviously extends, average length 4.58cm, and 26.73% seed can be observed obvious plumule.On January 26th, 2012, investigation showed: 98.22% seed is all observed plumule, and the plumule average length is 5.36cm, rugosity 2.57mm, and 86.25% plumule rugosity surpassed 2.0mm, and begin for the sprout stock grafting this moment.
2, cultivate grafting
The elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed of cover film is set in the geosyncline in cool canopy, seedling bed is gone up ground, pack into yellow soil, husk and peat soil of the nutritious bag that the specification biodegradable fiber material that is 8cm * 12cm is made is that the mixed-matrix grow seedling nutritional bag of 8: 2: 3 is placed in the elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed, plant seedling the previous day with 0.1% potassium permanganate sterilization afterwards clear water irrigate.On February 3rd, 2012, to urge the oil tea stock of bud to take out, clear water is cleaned, the radicle length of stock is controlled in 7cm, 2～3cm place's cut-out above the plumule cotyledon, along medulla, stock is rived downwards from otch, the degree of depth 1.4～1.6cm, the stock that cuts is put into plastic basin and is covered moisturizing with wet towel.Scion variety is soft No. 3 of Cen, picks up from forest-science academy, Guangxi Camellia Oleifera Clones cutting orchard.Select without obviously damage by disease and insect, full living lignification autumn growth last year of eye are done scion, down be whittled on both sides, 2～4mm place, distance axillalry bud bottom the double inclined plane wedge that is about 1.3～1.5cm, block at reservation 2～3mm place, bud upper end and form the scion of single leaf simple bud, stay half leaf or full leaf, plastic basin is put in scion covered moisturizing with wet towel.The scion of cutting is carefully inserted in the stock of riving, guarantee to have at least the formation layer alignment of one side stock and scion, with wide 6～10mm, the aluminum slice that is about 3cm wraps up, clutches, and puts into basin and covers with wet towel, plants in half an hour; Insert a vesicle with bamboo let in nutritious bag matrix, the nursery stock that grafts is planted wherein, the degree of depth has just been buried with seed and has been advisable, and returns soil and soil pressure is real with bamboo let, and irrigates immediately water.The thick agricultural film moisturizing of rear covering 0.3mm of watering.Nursery stage therebetween, plantation 10 days is fallen into seedling bed in geosyncline, plants after 10 days, go up ground with seedling bed daytime, fall into seedling bed in geosyncline evening.Grafting heals into live time and approximately needs 20～30 days, should not open film during moisturizing except the extermination of disease and insect pest of necessity is processed; Good when seedling grafting mouth healing, and at least 60% above plant can be taken off film when sprouting the pumping young sprout.Grafting plantation investigation in rear 30 days, 87.16% nursery stock heals, and has 46.58% nursery stock eye to sprout.After grafting survival, execute per month the bran cake concentration of becoming thoroughly decomposed for 1～2 time and be 5% liquid manure, the bran cake liquid manure of making that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed is used by following mass percent: bran cake fertilizer 75%, phosphate fertilizer 20%, bone meal 5% raw material mix retting; At grafting growth animated period, carried out foliage fertilization 1 time in every 10～15 days, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone take concentration as 0.2～0.3% spray blade, and in conjunction with foliar application, add with 1000～2000 times of liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000～1200 times of liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder.60 days " Invest, Then Investigate "s begin to take off film after 75.26% plant pumping young sprout, and investigate survival rate and reach 98.56% this moment.Investigate then nursery stock average height 28.34cm December, leading thread is 3.36mm.
Embodiment 2
1, stock is cultivated
on October 26th, 2011, after being collected the abundant maturation of the soft family fruit of common oil tea Cen in the garden, fetches forest-science academy, Guangxi oil tea excellent strain, Exposure to Sunlight was dried in the shade after 1 day, the taking-up seed of manually peeling off, adopt the elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed that cover film is set in the cool canopy intergeosyncline as oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock cultivation bed, first cultivating the approximately thick fresh mild-crude river sand of 6cm of bottom paving one deck, then the seed of rinsing well is tiled in and cultivates on bed, lay the 15kg seed on the cultivation bed of every square metre, cover the thick wet sand of 8cm, note keeping river sand moistening, carry out sand and hide vernalization, humidity is with agglomerating with grasped, loosing one's grip scatters is advisable.Potassium permanganate with 0.1% carries out disinfection to Seed of Camellia oleifera, the Seed of Camellia oleifera of rinsing well is tiled on wet sand, then covers the thick wet sand of one deck 6cm, seedling bed is fallen into carry out sand Tibetan vernalization in geosyncline; The husky Tibetan after 10 days, go up ground with seedling bed daytime, and fall into seedling bed in geosyncline evening.Husky hide 30 days afterwards visible 32.16% seed grow radicle, after 50 days, 78.52% seed base-root obviously extends, average length 4.43cm, and 26.21% seed can be observed obvious plumule.On January 27th, 2012, investigation showed: 97.73% seed is all observed plumule, and the plumule average length is 5.42cm, rugosity 2.55mm, and 85.34% plumule rugosity surpassed 2.0mm, begins to be applied to the sprout stock grafting this moment.
2, cultivate grafting
The elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed of cover film is set in the geosyncline in cool canopy, seedling bed is gone up ground, is that the mixed-matrix soil-blocks for seedlings of 8: 1.5: 2 is placed in the elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed and sterilizes with pack into yellow soil, husk and peat soil of the specification film nutrition cup that is 8cm * 12cm; On January 28th, 2012, will urge the oil tea stock of bud take out, clear water is cleaned, and the radicle length of stock is controlled in 8cm, 2～3cm place cut-out, rive stock along medulla downwards from otch above the plumule cotyledon, the degree of depth 1.4～1.5cm stock.Scion variety is soft No. 3 of Cen, picks up from forest-science academy, Guangxi Camellia Oleifera Clones cutting orchard.Lignified fringe bar bottom is kept 1.8～2.0cm apart from axillalry bud long, the lower end is whittled into double inclined plane with grafting knife and is wedge, inclined-plane 1.3～1.5cm, and the bud upper end keeps single leaf simple bud scion of 2～3mm; The scion of cutting is carefully inserted in the stock of riving, guarantee to have at least the formation layer alignment of one side stock and scion, wrap up in, clutch with the aluminium suitcase; The nursery stock that grafts is planted in the container of filling matrix, the depth of planting has just been buried with the seed of stock and has been advisable, and irrigates water immediately; Nursery stage therebetween, plantation 6 days is fallen into seedling bed in geosyncline, plants after 6 days, go up ground with seedling bed daytime, fall into seedling bed in geosyncline evening.The grafting investigation in rear 30 days of planting, 87.31% nursery stock heals, and has 46.12% nursery stock eye to sprout.After grafting survival, execute per month the bran cake concentration of becoming thoroughly decomposed for 1～2 time and be 5% liquid manure, the bran cake liquid manure of making that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed is used by following mass percent: bran cake fertilizer 75%, phosphate fertilizer 20%, bone meal 5% raw material mix retting; At grafting growth animated period, carried out foliage fertilization 1 time in every 10～15 days, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone take concentration as 0.2～0.3% spray blade, and in conjunction with foliar application, add with 1000～2000 times of liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000～1200 times of liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder.60 days " Invest, Then Investigate "s begin to take off film after 76.25% plant pumping young sprout, and investigate survival rate and reach 97.6% this moment.Investigate then nursery stock average height 29.46cm December, leading thread is 3.56mm.
Embodiment 3
In by the end of October, 2010, collect from forest-science academy, Guangxi oil tea excellent strain and pluck ripe common Property of Tea oil Tree Fruit in the garden, Exposure to Sunlight was dried in the shade after 1 day, peeled off and soaked 2 hours with clear water after taking out seed, then pulled out to put into 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate and soak sterilization in 20 minutes.Select leeward on the sunny side, the open area of good water permeability builds underground heat oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock and cultivates bed, carry out sand November 5 and hide vernalization, first spread the approximately thick fresh mild-crude river sand of 9cm of one deck bottom germination bed, then the seed of rinsing well is tiled in, it is overlapping that seed is avoided as far as possible, and cover the thick wet sand of 9～13cm, cover at last thin film on germination bed, surrounding sandstone compacting.18～23 ℃ of auxiliary heatings are husky hide 30 days afterwards visible 34.20% seed grow radicle, after 50 days, 73.46% seed base-root is stretched to 2.5～5.6cm, and 25.61% seed exposes plumule.On February 3rd, 2011, investigation showed: 92.46% seed is all observed plumule, and the plumule average length is 5.98cm, rugosity 2.42mm, and 83.51% plumule rugosity surpassed 2.0mm, and begin to carry out the sprout stock grafting this moment, and scion variety is soft No. 2 of Cen.Grafting, plant and the seedling management method with embodiment 1.The grafting investigation in rear 30 days of planting, 84% nursery stock heals; After grafting, 60 days investigation survival rates reach 96.9%, 74.2% plant and begin the pumping young sprout, take off film this moment and begin to apply fertilizer and extermination of disease and insect pest work.Investigate then seedling height average out to 27.79cm December, leading thread 3.14mm.
Claims (8)
1. oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock propagation by grafiting method, it is characterized in that: comprise the stock cultivation, seedling bed is prepared, and container for plant growth is prepared, grafting, the grafting of planting, the seedling management operation, by germination bed is heated, the elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed is grown seedlings in the Winter-Spring, can quickly breeding Winter-Spring sprout stock grafting oil tea nursery stock, main operational steps is as follows:
(1) stock is cultivated: concrete operations are in 10～November, ripe Property of Tea oil Tree Fruit is plucked got kind, in cool canopy ground or select leeward on the sunny side, the open area of good water permeability builds underground heat oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock and cultivates bed, or employing elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed is oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock cultivation bed, potassium permanganate with 0.1% carries out disinfection to Seed of Camellia oleifera, the Seed of Camellia oleifera of rinsing well is tiled in to cultivate carries out sand Tibetan vernalization on bed;
(2) seedling bed is prepared: the elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed is set in cool canopy, and the elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed arranges cover film;
(3) container for plant growth is prepared: the container for plant growth matrix of packing into is placed in the elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed, sterilizes standby;
(4) grafting: in 1～February, will urge the oil tea stock of bud to take out in germination bed, clear water be cleaned, and cuts stock; Semi-lignified or lignified fringe bar are whittled into single leaf simple bud scion of 2～3cm; The scion of cutting is carefully inserted in the stock of riving, guarantee to have at least the formation layer alignment of one side stock and scion, wrap up in, clutch with the aluminium suitcase;
(5) grafting of planting: the nursery stock that grafts is planted in container for plant growth, and the depth of planting has just been buried with the seed of stock and has been advisable, and irrigates water immediately; Water and prop the moisturizing of bow member cover film with bamboo chip afterwards;
(6) seedling management: carry out mainly that rudiment is wiped out, the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect.
2. oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock propagation by grafiting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed, the pressure lifting type seedling raising bed that adopts the applicant to invent, China Patent No. CN201110072188.7; Pressure lifting type seedling raising bed is arranged in geosyncline operation and go up ground when adopting sunshine.
3. oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock propagation by grafiting method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described pressure lifting type seedling raising bed or add illumination lamp and/or heater.
4. oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock propagation by grafiting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described matrix is yellow soil and/or the matrix of sneaking into a small amount of husk, peat soil.
5. oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock propagation by grafiting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described container for plant growth is nutrition cup or the nutritious bag of making of biodegradable fiber material or plastic film, and the container for plant growth specification is 8cm * 12cm.
6. oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock propagation by grafiting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described stock of cutting is that radicle length with the oil tea stock is controlled in 8cm, 2～3cm place's cut-out, rive stock along medulla downwards from otch above the plumule cotyledon, the degree of depth 1.4～1.6cm.
7. oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock propagation by grafiting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described to cut scion be that oil tea scion bottom is kept 1.8～2.1cm apart from axillalry bud is long, the lower end is whittled into double inclined plane with grafting knife and is wedge, inclined-plane 1.3～1.5cm, bud upper end reservation 2～3mm.
8. oil tea Winter-Spring sprout stock propagation by grafiting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described seedling management is after grafting survival, execute per month the bran cake liquid manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed for 1～2 time, at grafting growth animated period, carried out foliage fertilization 1 time in every 10～15 days, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone take concentration as 0.2～0.3% spray blade, and in conjunction with foliar application, add with 1000～2000 times of liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000～1200 times of liquid spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests of 72% tpn wetting powder.
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| CN112790024A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-05-14 | 安徽德昌苗木有限公司 | Breeding method for improving grafting scions by using good genetic factors of camellia oleifera bud stocks |
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| CN115349362A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-11-18 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for grafting and seedling raising of tung tree bud stocks |
| CN115349362B (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-09-15 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for grafting and raising seedlings of tung oil tree buds |
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