CN102812901A - Method for improving pollination efficiency of bisexual flower grape - Google Patents
Method for improving pollination efficiency of bisexual flower grape Download PDFInfo
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- CN102812901A CN102812901A CN2012103324215A CN201210332421A CN102812901A CN 102812901 A CN102812901 A CN 102812901A CN 2012103324215 A CN2012103324215 A CN 2012103324215A CN 201210332421 A CN201210332421 A CN 201210332421A CN 102812901 A CN102812901 A CN 102812901A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the pollination efficiency of bisexual flower grape. The method comprises the steps of female parent spica castration, pollination and bagging, wherein the pollination is carried in a fine day, a male parent spica slightly greater than the female parent spica and in the full-bloom state is picked up during the time from 10 A.M. to 12 A.M., the paper bag on the female parent castration spica is removed, and then the male parent spica is fixed on the female parent castration spica. The method saves the complex steps of in-advance collection of the male parent spica and drying collection of pollen grains, and has the advantages of convenience, time and labor saving and strong operability; and besides, the cross pollination maturing rate is about 35%, so that the cross pollination maturing rate is remarkably improved as compared with that of the conventional method. Therefore, on the basis of the conventional cross breeding castration pollination of the grape, the method has the advantages of convenience, time and labor saving and strong operability, the cross pollination efficiency of the bisexual flower grape is improved, and the conventional cross breeding efficiency of the bisexual flower grape is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of artificial hybridization pollinating method that is applicable to the maternal florescence early than the hermaphrodite flower grape hybrid combination at male parent florescence, relate in particular to a kind of method that improves hermaphrodite flower grape pollination efficiency.
Background technology
Grape is one of human cultivation domestication fruit tree the earliest, is that wide adaptability, result are fast, renewal is prone to, high, the perennial vine fruit of economic benefit, is the berry tree of worldwide important cultivation, and its fruit and processed goods receive liking of consumers in general deeply.
Crossbreeding is the conventional route of grape breeding, also be present domestic and international application at most, one of the most extensive and effective breeding method, be to come the careful specific parent that selects according to the breediness that hope obtains the offspring; Obtain hybrid seed through autotelic control pollen and selection parental breed; Vernalization sowing after the lamination, and then obtain the hybridization seedling, from seedling, just select desirable individual plant; Successively through final election, final election, finally select new grape variety afterwards.Since 2000 to 2009, China is through about 67 of authorization or the new grape variety identified, wherein; Utilize cross breeding method to cultivate 49 kinds; Account for 73% of sum, the kind that has is applied aborning, and what have has cultivated new kind as new breeding material again.Therefore, crossbreeding is the main path of new grape variety seed selection.
The flower of grape has three types, i.e. hermaphrodite flower, female can spending and male flower.Wherein, female ability flower and male flower are incomplete flower, and hermaphrodite flower is a perfect flower.The total again shape flower of the Hua Suiwei of grape fringe; Also have secondary fringe on the colored fringe that has, full grown colored fringe generally has bud 200-500, and bud is little; Florescence concentrates and is short; Artificial emasculation, effort comparatively time-consuming with pollination, grape hybridization fruit-setting rate is also lower, thereby makes grape breeding efficient receive restriction definitely.
At present, hermaphrodite flower grape crossbreeding artificial emasculation pollination's step commonly used is:
The first step: gather paternal pollen.Take off one by one with finger or the tweezers flower pesticide (stamen) that will be about to bloom, be tiled on the smooth paper disc, place indoor area without shade and dry in the shade or utilize electric light to accelerate the ripening.Trimming placing bud must be write variety name exactly, to avoid confusion.Next day, rub a little with finger, treat abundant drying after at the bottom of the silk rolling little sieve filter, the pollen of collection is packed in dactylethrae or the vial, with cotton jam-pack bottleneck, can be subsequent use.
Second step: the flower of female parent fringe is castrated.Before blooming 3-4 days, select normotrophic colored fringe to castrate from the middle and upper part of robust growth plant, castrate the back that finishes whole colored fringe is wanted scrutiny, in order to avoid leave over the flower pesticide and the bud of castration not.Afterwards, overlap with paper bag immediately and tighten, and on flower fringe handle, be with the numbering playing cards.
The 3rd step: pollination.After the castration, dip in hairbrush, writing brush, Eraser with pencil holder head or cotton etc. and to get the pollen of adopting in advance, smear or put and award on each column cap of castrating.
The 4th step: bagging.Pollination is got up Hua Suitao with the sulfuric acid paper bag after accomplishing, and prevents other pollen pollination.
The operating process of this method is comparatively complicated, time-consuming, take a lot of work, effort, operating technology require highly, and pollination efficiency is low, and the cross-fertile rate only is about about 20%.Point out that though Hao Yan equals research in 2007 through increasing repeatedly the cross-fertile rate that pollination every other day can improve grape, this method is more complicated, time-consuming, take a lot of work, in the crossbreeding work of a plurality of hybrid combinations, enforceability is not high.
In addition, Luo Guangwu equals research in 2008 to be pointed out, dioecism grape variety downy grape, and directly the harvesting male flower fringe of blooming is hung on supplementary pollination on the female flower fringe of full-bloom stage, bagging then, its fruit-setting rate is 18.7%.Though this kind method has been saved pollen collection and two complex steps of artificial emasculation, this method limitation is very high, only is used in the unisexual flower grape variety.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that improves hermaphrodite flower grape pollination efficiency, that the present invention has is easy, save time, saving of labor, advantage such as laborsaving and workable; Hybridization pollination ripening rate of the present invention is higher simultaneously.
For realizing above-mentioned technical purpose problem, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of method that improves hermaphrodite flower grape pollination efficiency may further comprise the steps:
The first step; The flower of female parent fringe is castrated: blooming preceding 3 or preceding 4 days; Select normotrophic flower of female parent fringe to castrate from the middle and upper part of robust growth plant; Make not have on the flower of female parent fringe after the castration and leave over flower pesticide and the bud of not castrating, form maternal eunuchs fringe, overlap maternal eunuchs fringe with paper bag immediately then and tighten;
Second step, pollination: select fine day to pollinate, plucked the male parent flower fringe that is a bit larger tham maternal eunuchs fringe and is in full-bloom stage up to 12 o'clock, remove the paper bag on the maternal eunuchs fringe then, immediately the male parent flower fringe is fixed on the maternal male flower fringe again in the morning 10;
The 3rd step, bagging: will overlap with paper bag and tighten through the maternal eunuchs fringe after second processing and male parent flower fringe.
As the further improved technical scheme of the present invention; In second step; Select fine day to pollinate; Pluck the male parent flower fringe that be a bit larger tham maternal eunuchs fringe and be in full-bloom stage at 10 o'clock in the morning, or at 11 o'clock at 12 o'clock, remove the paper bag on the maternal eunuchs fringe then, immediately the male parent flower fringe is fixed on female eunuchs fringe again.
As the further improved technical scheme of the present invention, in the 3rd step, the maternal eunuchs fringe after will handling through second step and male parent flower fringe overlap in second step, to separate the paper bag of removing and tighten from maternal eunuchs fringe.
As the further improved technical scheme of the present invention, said paper bag is the special-purpose paper bag of grape.
The special-purpose paper bag of grape is a prior art, its shape and the big or small needs that can satisfy grape maturity, and when grape was ripe gradually, grape cluster can become greatly gradually, and its size of general sack can't be unified, and the meeting that has is burst by grape, does not have protective effect; And the size of the special-purpose paper bag of grape can satisfy grape and becomes big needs gradually, and when grape maturity, when grape was maximum in other words, the special-purpose paper bag of grape can not burst by grape enough greatly yet.
As the further improved technical scheme of the present invention, said paper bag is the special-purpose paper bag of organic grape.The more environmental protection of organic grape paper bag, favourable resource circulation utilization.
The present invention compares with conventional method, and that has not only saved the male parent flower fringe gathers the loaded down with trivial details steps such as drying collection with pollen grain in advance, and have easy, save time, saving of labor, advantage such as laborsaving and workable; Simultaneously, hybridization pollination ripening rate of the present invention is about about 35%, is significantly higher than the hybridization pollination ripening rate of present common method.The present invention also has certain limitation in addition, is only applicable to the hermaphrodite flower grape hybrid combination of maternal florescence early than the male parent florescence.In a word; The present invention castrates on the basis of pollination in the breeding of grape conventional hybridization; The present invention is easy, the saving of labor, save time, laborsaving, workable, improved the hybridization pollination efficient of hermaphrodite flower grape, further improved the efficient of hermaphrodite flower grape conventional hybridization breeding.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flower of female parent fringe sketch map in embodiment 1 first step.
Fig. 2 is the maternal eunuchs fringe sketch map of embodiment in 1 second step.
Fig. 3 is fixed on the male parent flower fringe sketch map on the maternal eunuchs fringe for embodiment 1 the 3rd in the step.
Fig. 4 is embodiment 1 the 3rd maternal eunuchs fringe and the sketch map behind the male parent flower fringe bagging in the step.
Be described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the method for this raising hermaphrodite flower grape pollination efficiency may further comprise the steps:
The first step; The flower of female parent fringe is castrated: blooming first three day or preceding four days; Select normotrophic flower of female parent fringe 1 to castrate from the middle and upper part of robust growth plant; Make not have on the flower of female parent fringe 1 after the castration and leave over flower pesticide and the bud of not castrating, form maternal eunuchs fringe 2, overlap maternal eunuchs fringe 2 with paper bag 4 immediately then and tighten;
Second step; Pollination: select fine day to pollinate; Plucked the male parent flower fringe 3 that is a bit larger tham maternal eunuchs fringe 2 and is in full-bloom stage in the morning 10 up to 12 o'clock, remove the paper bag 4 on the maternal eunuchs fringe 2 then, immediately male parent flower fringe 3 is fixed on the maternal eunuchs fringe 2 again;
The 3rd step, bagging: will be through the cover 2 of the maternal male flower fringe after second processing and male parent flower fringe 3 with paper bag 4 and tighten.
As preferred version; Present embodiment is in the first step; Select normotrophic flower of female parent fringe to castrate from the middle and upper part of robust growth plant; After scrutiny confirms not have the bud of leaving over flower pesticide and not castrating on the eunuchs fringe, overlap immediately with the special-purpose paper bag of organic grape and tighten, and on flower fringe handle, be respectively with the numbering playing cards.In second step; Select fine day to pollinate; Can be chosen in and pluck the male parent flower fringe that is a bit larger tham maternal eunuchs fringe and is in full-bloom stage at 11 o'clock at 12 o'clock between at 10 o'clock in the morning,, or above-mentioned time; Remove the special-purpose paper bag of organic grape on the maternal eunuchs fringe then, utilize the bondage adhesive tape that the male parent flower fringe carefully is fixed on the maternal eunuchs fringe of having castrated again immediately.In the 3rd step; Maternal eunuchs fringe after will handling through second step and male parent flower fringe cover are to separate organic grape special use paper bag of removing and tighten from maternal eunuchs fringe in second step; Number and the date mark of on the special-purpose paper bag of organic grape, having pollinated simultaneously then in the pollination of numbering playing cards marked.
Because hermaphrodite flower grape variety floral organ is little, and ubiquity " cleistogamy " phenomenon, the male date of dieing is very big to the crossbreeding effect influence.Too early, easy wound gynoecium during castration, the cross-fertile rate is low; Spend evening, be prone to self-fertility, influence hybridization quality.Therefore, be chosen in and carried out the flower of female parent fringe in 3-4 days before blooming and castrate.Because the cross-fertile rate of grape is low,, also can influence the hybridization quality if castration is not thorough.Grape flower of female parent fringe is castrated, must be before blooming 3-4 days, select normotrophic colored fringe from the middle and upper part of robust growth plant; Utilize stainless steel straight peen pincet to carry out the castration in each bud on the flower of female parent fringe, at first remove the flower bud cap, then the stamen around gently the removal gynoecium; After accomplishing the castration of each bud on the flower fringe, carry out the scrutiny of whole maternal eunuchs fringe, in order to avoid the bud of leaving over flower pesticide and not castrating.Afterwards, overlap immediately with the special-purpose paper bag of organic grape and tighten, and be on common peduncle with the numbering playing cards.
The present invention compares with conventional method, and that has not only saved the male parent flower fringe gathers the loaded down with trivial details steps such as drying collection with pollen grain in advance, and have easy, save time, saving of labor, advantage such as laborsaving and workable; Simultaneously, hybridization pollination ripening rate of the present invention is about about 35%, is significantly higher than the hybridization pollination ripening rate of present common method.The present invention also has certain limitation, is only applicable to the hermaphrodite flower grape hybrid combination of maternal florescence early than the male parent florescence.
Claims (5)
1. method that improves hermaphrodite flower grape pollination efficiency may further comprise the steps:
The first step; The flower of female parent fringe is castrated: blooming first three day or preceding four days; Select normotrophic flower of female parent fringe (1) to castrate from the middle and upper part of robust growth plant; Make flower of female parent fringe (1) after the castration go up not have and leave over flower pesticide and the bud of not castrating, form maternal eunuchs fringe, (2) are overlapped maternal eunuchs fringe 2 with paper bag immediately then and are tightened;
Second step; Pollination: select fine day to pollinate; Plucked the male parent flower fringe (3) that is a bit larger tham maternal eunuchs fringe (2) and is in full-bloom stage up to 12 o'clock in the morning 10; Remove the paper bag on the maternal eunuchs fringe (2) then, immediately male parent flower fringe (3) is fixed on female eunuchs fringe (2) again;
In the 3rd step, bagging: maternal eunuchs fringe (2) after will handling through second step and male parent flower fringe (3) overlap with paper bag and tighten.
2. the method for raising hermaphrodite flower grape pollination efficiency according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: in second step; Select fine day to pollinate; Pluck the male parent flower fringe (3) that be a bit larger tham maternal eunuchs fringe (2) and be in full-bloom stage at 10 o'clock in the morning, or at 11 o'clock at 12 o'clock, remove the paper bag on the maternal eunuchs fringe (2) then, immediately male parent flower fringe (3) is fixed on the maternal eunuchs fringe (2) again.
3. the method for raising hermaphrodite flower grape pollination efficiency according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: in the 3rd step, the maternal eunuchs fringe (2) after will handling through second step and male parent flower fringe (3) overlap in second step, to separate the paper bag of removing and tighten from maternal eunuchs fringe (2).
4. according to the method for claim 1 or 2 or 3 described raising hermaphrodite flower grape pollination efficiencies, it is characterized in that: said paper bag is the special-purpose paper bag of grape.
5. the method for raising hermaphrodite flower grape pollination efficiency according to claim 4 is characterized in that: said paper bag is the special-purpose paper bag of organic grape.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107711492A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-02-23 | 长江大学 | A kind of efficient broad bean hybridizing method |
| CN111543247A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-08-18 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for improving natural cross pollination rate of grapes by using light-transmitting film |
| CN111887092A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-06 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Breeding method for two-year-of-one-year-of-breeding of grapes |
| CN115443902A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-09 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Breeding method for overcoming obstacle before fertilization of distant hybridization of muscadine grapes and true grapes and identification method thereof |
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| CN1557137A (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2004-12-29 | 刘万成 | Novel grape breed cultivation method |
| CN1887054A (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2007-01-03 | 宋金铸 | Breeding and cultivating method for cold tolerant grape |
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2012
- 2012-09-10 CN CN2012103324215A patent/CN102812901A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1557137A (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2004-12-29 | 刘万成 | Novel grape breed cultivation method |
| CN1887054A (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2007-01-03 | 宋金铸 | Breeding and cultivating method for cold tolerant grape |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 李怀福: "《巨峰系葡萄研究》", 31 May 2005, 中国农业科学技术出版社 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107711492A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-02-23 | 长江大学 | A kind of efficient broad bean hybridizing method |
| CN107711492B (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2020-12-29 | 长江大学 | Efficient broad bean hybridization method |
| CN111543247A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-08-18 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for improving natural cross pollination rate of grapes by using light-transmitting film |
| CN111887092A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-06 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Breeding method for two-year-of-one-year-of-breeding of grapes |
| CN111887092B (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2021-11-23 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Breeding method for two-year-of-one-year-of-breeding of grapes |
| CN115443902A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-09 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Breeding method for overcoming obstacle before fertilization of distant hybridization of muscadine grapes and true grapes and identification method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20121212 |