CN111543247A - Method for improving natural cross pollination rate of grapes by using light-transmitting film - Google Patents
Method for improving natural cross pollination rate of grapes by using light-transmitting film Download PDFInfo
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- CN111543247A CN111543247A CN202010606230.8A CN202010606230A CN111543247A CN 111543247 A CN111543247 A CN 111543247A CN 202010606230 A CN202010606230 A CN 202010606230A CN 111543247 A CN111543247 A CN 111543247A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
- A01G13/0212—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants for individual plants, e.g. for plants in pots
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, in particular to a method for improving natural cross pollination rate of grapes by using a light-transmitting film, which shows appearance difference characters, inaudible grape sample species with phase-preserving flowers are grafted on adjacent branches, two pollen regions with regular shape and preservation are arranged at intervals of '1 st sample species-2 nd sample species-1 st sample species' at the trunk of the grapes, a closed space is maintained by using the light-transmitting film to utilize the light-transmitting film to pollinate the grapes, a wind direction path of first preservation of a generation is shown by arranging an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, the pollination rate of the inaudible sample species is improved by matching the method, and filial generations which show inaudible characters with a male parent and a female parent are selected from the filial generations to achieve the effect of artificial pollination by using a natural pollination mode, and the filial generations are quickly screened, the hybridization rate of the grape is improved.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural tool application, in particular to a method for improving natural cross pollination rate of grapes by using a light-transmitting film.
[ background of the invention ]
The grapes are subtropical fruits produced by heat in Guangxi, because the abundant varieties are good germplasm resource producing areas in China, in the optimization and cultivation process of the grapes, in order to increase the number of grape varieties, inferior varieties are improved, hybrid breeding methods are mostly adopted in the row to cultivate the grape varieties, however, in the hybrid breeding process, the castration operation of the grapes is needed, the pollen is dipped by a pencil head during pollination, then the grape stamen is slightly pollinated on the head with mucus, but the grape stamen is very small, the operation is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the difficulty is caused to the hybridization work of the grapes, so that the pollination mode of the grapes needs to be improved, and the pollination efficiency during grape hybridization is improved.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the above, there is a need for improving pollination pattern of grapes to improve pollination efficiency in grape crossing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for improving natural cross pollination rate of grapes by using a light-transmitting film, which comprises the following steps:
(1) thinning leaves of the male parent and/or the female parent of the grape to be hybridized 7 days before the initial flowering period of the grape, and ensuring that the ratio of the leaves of the grape is 1: 3-4; drawing the tips of the grapes after thinning leaves onto a transversely arranged grape trellis to ensure that grape plants grow transversely, and thinning grape branches transversely on the grape trellis;
(2) the branch thinning method in the step (1) comprises the following steps: removing an adjacent branch of a certain branch on a grape plant, and grafting another grape branch of a variety with a flowering phase and/or a near flowering phase on a wound surface formed by removing the branch; forming an arrangement mode of '1 st variety branch-2 nd variety branch-1 st variety branch';
(3) covering the whole grape on the grape trellis with a light-transmitting film, closing the light-transmitting film, binding the closed end to the base of the grape plant by using a rope, forming a closed space in the grape plant, forming an opening near the binding part for connecting an air inlet pipe interface, binding the preservative film with a toothpick right above the opening to form a plurality of exhaust holes, wherein the opening is positioned at one side close to the ground, and the exhaust holes are positioned at one side far away from the ground;
(4) during the full-bloom period, the air inlet system is connected with the air inlet pipe connector, air is introduced into the air inlet pipe, airflow is guided through the air inlet pipe to transversely pass through the light-transmitting film, the light-transmitting film is removed after the full-bloom period, and pollination is completed.
Further, the total area of the vent holes accounts for 1/30-1/25 of the surface area of the whole light-transmitting film.
Further, in the step (4), the air is introduced at a rate of: 1.5m/s-2.5 m/s.
Further, the inner diameter of a closed space formed by wrapping the grape plants by the light-transmitting film in the step (3) is 1.5-1.8 times of the maximum crown diameter of the grape plants.
Further, the ratio of the flower to the leaf in the step (1) is the ratio of the flower spike to the leaf.
Further, the light-transmitting film in the step (3) is a white transparent light-transmitting film.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, different grape varieties with obvious appearance difference characters and same or similar flowering phases are grafted on adjacent branches, the interval arrangement of the 1 st variety-the 2 nd variety-the 1 st variety is arranged on a grape trunk to form regular and dense two kinds of pollen areas, a relatively closed space for grape pollination is formed by utilizing a light-transmitting film through the light-transmitting film, and an internal single wind direction path is formed through arranging an air inlet pipe and matching with an exhaust hole formed by the air inlet pipe.
[ description of the drawings ]
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of grafting according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the drawings: 1. a grape plant; 2. grape trellis grapevines; 3. an exhaust hole; 4. a rope; 5. an opening; 6. a light transmissive film; a is variety 1; b is the 2 nd variety; the direction of the arrow is the direction of the air flow formed in the light-transmitting film.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
In order to effectively play a role in photosynthesis, the light-transmitting film adopted in the embodiment is a white transparent film.
Example 1:
the method adopts sunshine rose grapes as male parents and moradol grapes as female parents;
as shown in FIG. 1, the present example is a method for improving natural cross pollination rate of grape by using light-permeable film, said method includes the following steps:
(1) thinning leaves of a male parent and/or a female parent of a grape to be hybridized 7 days before the flowering period of the grape, and ensuring that the ratio of the leaves and the flowers of the grape (wherein the ratio of the leaves and the flowers is the ratio of a flower ear to a leaf) is 1: 3 (in the embodiment, an optimal numerical value is only given, and the applicant observes and experimentally finds that the excessively low or high ratio of the leaves and the flowers of the grape cannot be promoted to bloom due to the fact that the ratio of the leaves and the flowers of the grape cannot absorb excessive nutrients and the flowers of the grape can be inhibited, and the ratio of the leaves and the flowers of the grape is 1: 3-4 optimally); drawing the tip of the grape plant 1 after thinning leaves onto a transversely arranged grape trellis 2 to ensure the transverse growth of the grape plant, and thinning branches of the grape plant 1 transversely arranged on the grape trellis 2;
(2) the branch thinning method in the step (1) comprises the following steps: removing an adjacent branch of a certain branch on the grape plant 1, and grafting another grape branch of a variety with the same flowering phase and/or a near flowering phase on a wound surface formed by the removed branch; forming an arrangement mode of 1 st variety branches (marked by a mark in figure 1) -2 nd variety branches (marked by a mark in figure 1) -1 st variety branches (marked by a mark in figure 1);
(3) covering the whole grape on the grape trellis with a light-transmitting film 6, closing the light-transmitting film 6, binding the closed end to the base of the grape plant 1 by using a rope 4, forming a closed space in the grape plant 1, forming an opening 5 near the binding position for connecting an air inlet pipe interface, binding the preservative film with a toothpick right above the opening 5 to form a plurality of exhaust holes 3, wherein the opening 5 is positioned at one side close to the ground, and the exhaust holes 3 are positioned at one side far away from the ground;
(4) during the full-bloom period, the air inlet system is connected with the air inlet pipe connector, air is introduced into the air inlet pipe, airflow is guided through the air inlet pipe to transversely pass through the light-transmitting film 6, the light-transmitting film 6 is removed after the full-bloom period, and pollination is completed.
1/28 (the embodiment only gives an optimal value, and experiments by the inventor show that if the total area of the exhaust holes 3 is too low, even lower than 1/30, the internal airflow cannot form a transverse annular path in time, so that the upper and lower growth trends are unbalanced, and the airflow direction is blocked in the later period, so that the pollen on the upper part cannot be effectively spread under the condition of insufficient wind power, thereby affecting the pollination efficiency), and if the area of the exhaust holes 3 is too large, even larger than 1/25, the airflow cannot be circulated, so that too much external air enters from the exhaust holes 3 irregularly, thereby affecting the pollination efficiency on the upper part).
The air introducing rate in the step (4) is as follows: 2.0m/s (this example only gives an optimum value, and the applicant observes and experimentally finds that when the air velocity is lower than 1.5m/s, the air quantity is insufficient and no circular airflow can be formed, and when the air velocity is higher than 2.5m/s, the pollen is blown off at an excessive air velocity, and the pollination rate is reduced).
The inner diameter of a closed space formed after the light-transmitting film 6 wraps the grape plants is 1.5 times of the maximum crown diameter of the grape plants (the embodiment only gives an optimal numerical value, and the inventor experiment shows that if the inner diameter of the cap bag is less than 1.5 times of the maximum crown diameter of the grape plants, the inner space of the air cap bag is not large enough, pollen propagation is blocked, and if the inner diameter of the cap bag is more than 1.8 times of the maximum crown diameter of the grape plants, the air flow rate is too low, annular air flow cannot be formed, and the pollination rate can be influenced as well).
Control group 1: the control group does not adopt interval grafting, two grapes of two different varieties are adjacently planted after leaf thinning according to the embodiment, then the two grapes are sleeved together by a light-transmitting film, the specification of the light-transmitting film is as described in the embodiment, and the same opening, pricking and ventilation modes are adopted.
Control group 2: the control group adopts the grafting mode as the experimental group, namely different varieties are grafted on adjacent branches, and then natural pollination is carried out on the branches without light transmission films.
Control group 3: the control group adopts a conventional grafting method, namely, pollination is carried out by adopting a castration and pollination mode.
The male parents and the female parents of the experimental group and the control groups 1-3 are consistent, after grapes are mature, the offspring is observed, the variation rate of the experimental group, the control group 1, the control group 2 and the control group 3 is counted, wherein the observation and calculation mode of the variation rate is as follows: and (4) finding F1 generations in the F1 generations after hybridization, wherein the characters of the F1 generations are different from those of parents, and counting the proportion of fruits with obvious differences in the F1 generations, namely the mutation rate. See table 1 for results:
TABLE 1 mutation Rate of F1 generation for hybridization
| Group of | Rate of variation |
| Experimental group | 58％ |
| |
8.2％ |
| |
13％ |
| |
60％ |
As can be seen from table 2, in terms of the variation rate: control group 3 > experimental group > control group 2 > control group 1; the results of the experimental group and the control group 3 are very close, and the control group 3 is slightly larger than the experimental group, so that the pollination method adopting the adjacent grafting of the parents of the experimental group, the formation of pollination space by the light-transmitting film and the film covering, and the matching of the wind speed is equivalent to the variation rate of the artificial pollination method, the hybridization effect can basically reach the artificial hybridization level, and the obvious method adopting the experimental group is more time-saving and labor-saving than the artificial pollination method; the contrast group 2 is obviously lower than the experimental group, which indicates that the hybridization environment forms a closed space and is matched with wind power and wind direction, so that the hybridization capacity of the grapes can be effectively improved; the variation rate of the control group 1 which only adopts the light-transmitting film and does not graft grape branches adjacently does not have obvious advantages, which shows that the distance between the flower ears of two plants is not close enough, even if the light-transmitting film and wind force assistance are adopted, the movement displacement of the pollen of different plants is still insufficient, so that most of pollinated plants are self-plant varieties, the final variation rate is not high, and the probability of generating filial generations is low; the variation rate of the control group 2 is slightly higher than that of the control group 1, so that the method for grafting the branches of the two varieties at intervals enables the flower spikes between the parents to be close, and even if no film is covered, the crossing efficiency is higher than that of a mode of planting two grapes adjacently.
To sum up, adopt the printing opacity membrane of this application to combine the air inlet mode to hybridize and can improve the pollination efficiency of different cultivars grape to need not castration, some powder, convenient operation, simple, swift.
The above examples merely represent some embodiments of the invention, which are described in more detail and in greater detail, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving natural cross pollination rate of grapes by using a light-transmitting film is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) thinning leaves of the male parent and/or the female parent of the grape to be hybridized 7 days after the initial flower preservation of the grape, wherein the ratio of the flowers and leaves of the grape to the leaves of the grape to be preserved is 1: 3-4; drawing the young generation of the grape plant after thinning leaves to a transversely public grape trellis, keeping the grape plant to grow transversely, and thinning branches of grape branches transversely crossing the grape trellis;
(2) the branch thinning method in the step (1) comprises the following steps: removing an adjacent branch of a certain branch of a grape plant, and grafting a grape branch of another sound flower protection and/or near flower protection sample species on the broad boundary where the branch shape is removed; please refer to the sorting mode of 1 st-2 nd-1 st;
(3) sleeving a transparent film on the whole grape at the grape trellis, closing the transparent film, binding the closed grape plant to a grape plant generation by using a rope, enabling the grape plant generation to form a generation and keep a space, opening an opening near the binding generation, connecting the opening with an air inlet pipe interface, binding the preservative film with a plurality of exhaust holes at the front of the opening by using teeth, and keeping the opening close to one side of the ground and keeping the exhaust hole away from one side of the ground;
(4) and (4) holding the flowers for preservation, connecting an air inlet system with an air inlet pipe connector, introducing air into the air inlet pipe, guiding airflow to transversely pass through the light-transmitting film through the air inlet pipe, removing the light-transmitting film after the flowers are full for preservation, and asking for pollination.
2. According to the method for improving the natural cross pollination rate of the grapes by using the light-transmitting film, as described in claim 1, the total area of the exhaust holes accounts for 1/30-1/25 of the total area of the light-transmitting film.
3. According to the advantage of claim 1, the method for improving the natural cross pollination rate of the grapes by using the light-transmitting film is characterized in that the air is introduced at the speed of step (4): 1.5m/s-2.5 m/s.
4. According to the advantage of claim 1, the method for improving natural cross pollination rate of grapes by using the light-transmitting film is characterized in that the light-transmitting film in the step (3) wraps the grape plants to form a closed space for generating grape plants with the diameter 1.5-1.8 times of the maximum crown diameter.
5. According to the advantage 1, the method for improving the natural cross pollination rate of the grapes by using the light-transmitting film is characterized in that the flower leaves in the step (1) are in proportion to the flower ears and the leaves.
6. According to the advantage of claim 1, the method for improving the natural cross pollination rate of the grapes by using the light-transmitting film is characterized in that the light-transmitting film in the step (3) is replaced by a white light-transmitting film.
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