CN110199698A - A kind of method of greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth - Google Patents
A kind of method of greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth Download PDFInfo
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- CN110199698A CN110199698A CN201910543055.XA CN201910543055A CN110199698A CN 110199698 A CN110199698 A CN 110199698A CN 201910543055 A CN201910543055 A CN 201910543055A CN 110199698 A CN110199698 A CN 110199698A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/34—Nitriles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
- A01N43/76—1,3-Oxazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-oxazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
- A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth, belong to balsam pear graft seedling growth technical field.It includes the following steps: step 1: balsam pear seed soaking and vernalization；Step 2: the seed soaking of water melon stock and vernalization；Step 3: sowing；Step 4: grafting；Step 5: the management of grafting.The method of greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth of the invention, first is that balsam pear germination percentage and germinating energy are high, seed sprouting is fast and neat, robust seedling, and balsam pear yield potential is big；Second is that time saving using the method broadcasted sowing, laborsaving, labor efficiency is high, and reduces production cost when sowing；Third is that induction grows more sturdy new root, and then promotes the more healthy and stronger of balsam pear grafting plant growth, and growth potential is stronger, and quantity production of bitter melon is higher by the root system of water melon stock after cutting balsam pear cleft graft grafting；Fourth is that grafting management method, heat preservation, moisturizing and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control effect are good, can improve the survival rate of balsam pear grafting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth, belong to balsam pear graft seedling growth technical field.
Background technique
Balsam pear (scientific name: MomordicacharantiaL) Curcurbitaceae balsam pear platymiscium, it is annual to climb up by holding on to the weak draft of shape.
Sweet-bitter flavor, it is main to make vegetables, it can also sugaring；Mature sarcocarp and aril are also edible.Balsam pear originates in East India, and cultivation is in generation extensively
The boundary torrid zone to Temperate Region in China.It generally cultivates in Chinese north and south.In recent years, vegetables production base is because of long-term multiple cropping vegetables, soil-borne disease
Harmful to get worse, the wilt disease of balsam pear even more generally occurs, and often brings crushing damage to the balsam pear production of Vegetable Base
It loses.The general disease incidence of bitter gourd wilt is 10%-50%, and some fields are even up to 100%, seriously affect its yield and receipts
Benefit causes peasant planting enthusiasm to baffle, and cultivated area falls sharply.
Balsam pear grafting cultivation have improve the anti-soil-borne disease of plant ability, improve plant resistance, overcome continuous cropping obstacle,
The advantages of preventing other diseases such as bitter gourd wilt is a major technique of raising quantity production of bitter melon and income, and greenhouse
Balsam pear graft seedling growth is one of the important link of balsam pear grafting cultivation.The greenhouse balsam pear grafting seedlings-growing method of the prior art,
Defect specific as follows: labor efficiency is low, higher cost, heat and moisture preserving effect is poor, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control effect is poor, balsam pear grafting
Survival rate is low, germination percentage is low, root activity is weaker etc..It is embodied in the following aspects:
First is that matrix needs to sterilize, needs to put into pesticide expense, increase production cost.
Second is that program request balsam pear and stock are needed, it is time-consuming, laborious.
Third is that balsam pear at 50-55 DEG C of soaking temperature, impregnates 12-24h, but because the kind skin of balsam pear is thicker, seed soaking time
It is short, cause germination percentage low, germinating energy is low.
Fourth is that retaining the root system of original stock using engrafting methods such as mitered method and cleft grafts, grafting lateral root is thinner, living
Power is weaker.In addition, the root system about pumpkin rootstock after cutting watermelon and the muskmelon method of plant propagation with cutting, induction grow the side of flourishing new root system
Method is not particularly suited for balsam pear, because the hypocotyl of balsam pear seedling is thicker than water melon stock, is not suitable for the root of cutting water melon after the method for plant propagation with cutting
System.
Fifth is that the hole tray equipped with balsam pear grafting, is directly placed in the seedbed for being covered with electric heating wire management by the management of grafting
Or on greenhouse ground, Small plastic shed is taken, lid film carries out daily grafting management, and operation is cumbersome, and heat and moisture preserving effect is poor
And prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control effect is poor, causes balsam pear grafting shoot survival percent low.
To sum up, there is an urgent need for a kind of method of new balsam pear graft seedling growth is provided, with overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is a kind of method for overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art and provide greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth.
The method of greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth of the invention, first is that balsam pear germination percentage and germinating energy are high, seed sprouting is fast and neat,
Robust seedling, balsam pear yield potential are big；Second is that time saving using the method broadcasted sowing, laborsaving, labor efficiency is high, and reduces life when sowing
Produce cost；Third is that induction grows more sturdy new root, and then promotees by the root system of water melon stock after cutting balsam pear cleft graft grafting
Into the more healthy and stronger of grafting plant growth, growth potential is stronger, and quantity production of bitter melon is higher；Fourth is that being kept the temperature when grafting manages, moisturizing and disease
Pest control effect is good, can improve the survival rate of balsam pear grafting.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that a kind of method of greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth,
Include the following steps:
Step 1: balsam pear seed soaking and vernalization
Seed of bitter gourd is taken, after drying, with 50 DEG C -55 DEG C of water seed soaking, and is stirred continuously until drop to 28 DEG C -30 DEG C,
48h-72h is impregnated after natural cooling again, is then cleaned, is drained, then vernalization, the seed of bitter gourd after obtaining vernalization with clear water；
Step 2: the seed soaking of water melon stock and vernalization
It fetches water melon stock seed, after drying, with 50 DEG C -55 DEG C of water seed soaking, and is stirred continuously until dropping to 28 DEG C -30
DEG C, 8h-12h is impregnated after natural cooling again, is then cleaned, is drained, then vernalization, the water melon seed after obtaining vernalization with clear water；
Step 3: sowing
Seedling medium is sprinkled profoundly water, is stirred evenly, film is covered, it is bored to put 1d；
One layer of mulch is spread on the ground of greenhouse, the above-mentioned bored seedling medium for putting 1d is equably tiled onto mulch；
The late 3d-4d of water melon stock seed after the vernalization that seed of bitter gourd after the vernalization that step 1 obtains is obtained than step 2 is broadcast
Kind, the seed of bitter gourd after vernalization and the water melon stock kind child partition after vernalization are equably sown on seedling medium, matrix is used
Lid kind, and sprinkle profoundly water；Subregion is covered tightly with film respectively on balsam pear seedling and water melon seedling；Balsam pear to 70%-75% quantity
When seed and water melon stock seed grow cotyledon and push up film upwards, the film on balsam pear seedling and water melon seedling is opened respectively, it is extensive
Multiple daily greenhouse management；
Step 4: grafting
When the water melon seedling of step 2 grows to a leaf wholeheartedly, grafted；
Seedling medium is sprinkled profoundly water, is stirred evenly, cover film, it is bored put 1d after, be packed into hole tray；
The 300-500 times of liquid of fenaminosulf wettable powder for being 55% with mass percent sprays balsam pear and water melon stock；
The growing point that water removal melon stock is removed from base portion, with grafting knife from water melon stock upper vertical cotyledon direction to incision
Enter, the depth of joint-cutting is 0.8cm-1.0cm；
The scion of balsam pear is at hypocotyl 2cm-2.5cm, with the positive and negative 45 ° of each partial applications obliquely of grafting knife, section length
For 1.0cm-1.2cm, a sphenoid is formed；
By in the joint-cutting of the scion insertion water melon stock of balsam pear, makes scion and stock surfacing, clamped with Grafting clip；Again
It is cut off from water melon stock stem root with grafting knife, abandons stem root below, the grafting for cutting off water melon stock root system is inserted into
To the Medium Culture of above-mentioned hole tray；
Step 5: the management of grafting
In one layer of the ground upper berth of greenhouse mulch, the hole tray that step 4 is equipped with grafting is put, covers hole tray with film
And it seals；
3d-5d after grafting opens the film in hole tray, 0.5h-1.5h in wherein one day morning 8:00-9:00
Afterwards, film is covered immediately, and covers sunshade net in 11:00-15:00；The operation is repeated daily later to before starting in next step；
8d-10d after grafting opened the film in hole tray, uses bactericide in wherein one day 4:30-5:30 in afternoon
It is sprayed simultaneously with insecticide；Later, until being out of the garden before field planting, day and night all opens film, and in daily morning 8:00-
9:00 watering, daily 11:00-15:00 cover sunshade net；
10d-12d after grafting, one day until be out of the garden before field planting wherein, erases the cotyledon of water melon stock in time daily
The sprouting of base portion；
14d-16d after grafting sprays grafting simultaneously with bactericide and insecticide in one day wherein, after 1d-2d,
Can be out of the garden field planting.
The principle of the present invention:
First point, about step 1 of the invention
The purpose of seed-soaking is that seed is made to absorb water quickly, reaches the water content that can normally germinate.Dry seed contains
Water rate is usually 15% hereinafter, physiological activity is very faint, in a dormant state.After neutron absorption moisture, kind skin expansion softening,
The oxygen being dissolved in water enters cell with moisture, and the enzyme in seed also starts to activate.Due to the effect of enzyme, the breathing of embryo is made
With enhancing, the insoluble substance of endosperm storage is also gradually converted into solable matter, and with moisture conveying to embryo portion.Embryo obtains
Moisture, energy and nutriment were obtained, at suitable temperature and Oxygen Condition, cell just starts division, elongation, breaks through glume
(germination).Therefore, for seed is sprouted it may first have to it be made to suction moisture.For balsam pear because of seed kind skin depth, rate of water absorption is slow, inhales
Time needed for water reaches saturation is long, but seed soaking time is too long, and the anaerobic fermentation phenomenon of seed is serious, and high temperature is caused to burn bud, kind
The germination percentage and germinating energy of son are low.
The balsam pear of the prior art is soaked seed, and is the warm water with 50 DEG C -55 DEG C, impregnates 12h-24h, the time is too short, causes to germinate
Rate and germinating energy are lower.To solve this problem, present inventor passes through test of many times, impregnates 48h-72h using balsam pear
Afterwards, then vernalization.Pass through experimental example 1, it was demonstrated that for step 1 of the invention by changing time of balsam pear seed soaking, balsam pear germination percentage can be with
13%-52% is improved, 24%-78%, fast and neat, the robust seedling of seed of bitter gourd emergence, balsam pear yield potential can be improved in germinating energy
Greatly.
Second point, about step 3 of the invention
The balsam pear and water melon stock of the prior art are sowed, and are the balsam pear that will be germinateed and the stock seed program request of water melon equipped with warp
After disinfection in the hole tray of matrix, hole tray is directly placed on greenhouse ground, is sprinkled profoundly water, then take arched shed, lid film carries out
Nursery.Because the soil on greenhouse ground can absorb heat, vapor and droplet etc. in arched shed, lead to heat preservation, moistening effect
Difference；And the soil on greenhouse ground contains a large amount of garden and falls ill opportunistic pathogen, balsam pear and water melon stock seedlings root directly contact
The soil on greenhouse ground, Yi Fasheng soil-borne disease insect pest.And matrix also needs to be sterilized with pesticide, controlling disease, increases pesticide expense
Deng investment, production cost is improved, and program request is time-consuming, laborious, labor efficiency is low.
To solve this problem, in step 3 of the invention, one layer of mulch first is spread on the ground of greenhouse, avoids balsam pear
Soil is contacted with the root system of water melon rootstock seedling, to fundamentally prevent and treat soil-borne disease.Then seedling medium is equably tiled
On mulch, the balsam pear of germination and water melon stock kind child partition are equably sown on seedling medium, with matrix lid kind, and poured
It is permeable.It is covered on film and spreads seed-bearing matrix surrounding, airtight, heat preservation, moistening effect are good.And the base that the present invention uses
Matter reduces agricultural expense investment, saves production cost without disinfection, easy to operate, can be in large-scale application.Pass through experiment
Example 2, it was demonstrated that time saving using the method for step 2 of the invention, laborsaving, labor efficiency is high, and reduces production cost, balsam pear
Labor efficiency with the sowing of water melon is 7 times or more of the prior art, and the production cost of seeding and seedling raising can reduce 150- per acre
200 yuan.
Thirdly, about step 4 of the invention
Using engrafting methods such as mitered method and cleft grafts, retain the root system of original stock, grafting lateral root is thinner, vigor compared with
It is weak.In addition, the root system about pumpkin rootstock after cutting watermelon and the muskmelon method of plant propagation with cutting, the method that induction grows flourishing new root system,
It is not particularly suited for balsam pear, because the hypocotyl of balsam pear seedling is thicker than water melon stock, is not suitable for the root system of cutting water melon after the method for plant propagation with cutting.
To solve this problem, in step 4 of the invention, by being cut off to water melon stock root after the grafting of balsam pear cleft graft
It is being colonized afterwards, while graft union, induction grows more sturdy new root system.Pass through experimental example 4, it was demonstrated that using the present invention
Step 4 method, balsam pear grafting lateral root is more sturdy, more sturdy than prior art 60-70%, and then balsam pear grafting is promoted to plant
Strain growth potential is stronger, and quantity production of bitter melon is higher, can improve 23-25% per acre.
4th point, about step 5 of the invention
The grafting of the prior art manages, with being directly placed in electric heating seedbed or greenhouse by the hole tray equipped with balsam pear grafting
On face, then Small plastic shed is taken, lid film carries out daily grafting management.Because hole tray directly contacts seedbed or greenhouse ground, have such as
Lower defect: on the one hand, the soil on seedbed or greenhouse ground can absorb heat, vapor and droplet etc. in Small plastic shed, leads
Cause heat preservation, moistening effect poor, on the other hand, the soil on seedbed or greenhouse ground, which contains a large amount of garden, falls ill opportunistic pathogen, cave
Balsam pear grafting root system directly contacts in disk, Yi Fasheng soil-borne disease insect pest.In addition, during the management of balsam pear grafting, to balsam pear
Grafting carries out sunshade, shelters yin, heat preservation, moisturizing, does not carry out the daily managements such as pesticide application.Because of the originals such as high temperature, high humidity in greenhouse
Because causing the diseases such as balsam pear epidemic disease and artificial grafting and mismanagement etc. to cause other pest and disease damages, and balsam pear grafting does not carry out agriculture
Medicine sprays, and premunition is poor, and pest and disease damage easily occurs for balsam pear grafting, causes survival rate low.In conclusion the balsam pear of the prior art is transferred
Seedlings picking management, operation is cumbersome, and heat and moisture preserving effect is poor and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control effect is poor, and balsam pear is caused to graft shoot survival percent
It is low.
To solve this problem, it in step 5 of the invention, first in one layer of the ground upper berth of greenhouse mulch, will be equipped with
The hole tray of balsam pear grafting is neatly placed on mulch, covers hole tray surrounding with thin film, airtight.Then, in conjunction with temperature
Room greenhouse manages grafting, and the heat preservation of grafting, moistening effect are good, and grafting root system is avoided directly to contact soil, can be from root
Soil-borne disease insect pest is prevented and treated in sheet；In addition balsam pear is repeatedly sprayed simultaneously with bactericide and insecticide during the management of balsam pear grafting to transfer
Seedlings picking can improve the premunition of balsam pear grafting, improve grafting shoot survival percent；Its bactericide and insecticide repeatedly spray master simultaneously
Want reason first is that some fungies killed through bactericide, bacterium and virus are also the food of balsam pear pest, and cause hardship indirectly
Melon grafting insect pest is increasingly severe.Pass through experimental example 4, it was demonstrated that balsam pear grafting can be improved using the method for step 5 of the invention
The survival rate of seedling, improves 15%-20%.
Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
Further, in step 1, the mode of the vernalization is that the seed of bitter gourd drained is put into 28 DEG C of -30 DEG C of insulating boxs,
Vernalization 2d-3d, and keep seed wet shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after the seed of 60%-80% quantity to get to the seed of bitter gourd after vernalization.
Further, in step 2, the mode of the vernalization is that the water melon seed drained is put into 28 DEG C of -30 DEG C of insulating boxs,
Vernalization 2d-3d, and keep seed wet shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after the seed of 60%-80% quantity to get to the water melon seed after vernalization
Further, in step 3 and step 4, the sum of mass percent of organic matter and humic acid in the seedling medium >=
40%.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: above-mentioned parameter, battalion needed for being able to satisfy balsam pear and water melon seedling growth
It supports.
The above-mentioned commercially available purchase of seedling medium, is such as purchased from Luqing Horticulture Inst, Jinan City., and name of product is " Lu Qing ".
Further, in step 3, the seedling medium equably tile onto mulch with a thickness of 3cm-5cm.
Further, in step 3, the matrix lid kind with a thickness of 0.5cm-1.5cm.
Further, in step 4, the tool of 300-500 times of liquid of fenaminosulf wettable powder that the mass percent is 55%
Body preparation method is: weighing the fenaminosulf wettable powder that 30g-50g mass percent is 55%, pours into equipped with 15L tap water
Antomobile sprayer in, stir evenly, as 300-500 times of liquid.
The above-mentioned commercially available purchase of fenaminosulf wettable powder is such as purchased from Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province China chemical general factory, product
Entitled " long pearl ".
Further, in step 4, the grafting knife through percentage by volume be 75% alcohol disinfecting.
Further, in step 5, the bactericide is the Bravo wettable powder 800-1000 that mass percent is 75%
The mixture of 800-1000 times of liquid of Sandofan wettable powder that times liquid and mass percent are 64%, the insecticide are quality
3000-5000 times of liquid of cyromazine wettable powder that percentage is 75%.
Further, the specific preparation of 800-1000 times of liquid of Bravo wettable powder that the mass percent is 75%
Method is: weighing the Bravo wettable powder that 15g-18.75g mass percent is 75%, pours into oneself equipped with 15L tap water
In dynamic sprayer, stir evenly, as 800-1000 times of liquid.
The above-mentioned commercially available purchase of Bravo wettable powder is such as purchased from Syngenta (Suzhou) crop protection Co., Ltd,
Name of product is " good enlightening is applied ".
Further, the specific preparation of 800-1000 times of liquid of Sandofan wettable powder that the mass percent is 64%
Method is: weighing the Sandofan wettable powder that 15g-18.75g mass percent is 64%, pours into oneself equipped with 15L tap water
In dynamic sprayer, stir evenly, as 800-1000 times of liquid.
The above-mentioned commercially available purchase of Sandofan wettable powder is such as purchased from Syngenta (Suzhou) crop protection Co., Ltd,
Name of product be " Sandofan ", containing mass percent be 8% Wakil and mass percent be 56% mancozeb.
Further, the insecticide is 3000-5000 times of liquid of cyromazine wettable powder that mass percent is 75%
Specific preparation method be: weigh 3g-5g mass percent be 75% cyromazine wettable powder, pour into equipped with 15L originally
It in the antomobile sprayer of water, stirs evenly, as 800-1000 times of liquid.
The above-mentioned commercially available purchase of cyromazine wettable powder is such as purchased from Shanxi Biaozheng Crop Science Co., Ltd, product
Entitled " latent card ".
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) method of greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth of the invention, balsam pear germination percentage and germinating energy are high, and seed sprouting is fast
And neat, robust seedling, balsam pear yield potential are big.
(2) method of greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth of the invention, it is time saving using the method broadcasted sowing when sowing, it saves
Power, labor efficiency is high, and reduces production cost.
(3) method of greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth of the invention passes through water melon anvil after cutting balsam pear cleft graft grafting
The root system of wood, induction grow more sturdy new root, and then promote the more healthy and stronger of balsam pear grafting plant growth, and growth potential is stronger, bitter
Melon yield is higher.
(4) method of greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth of the invention when grafting manages, is kept the temperature, moisturizing and pest and disease damage
Control efficiency is good, can improve the survival rate of balsam pear grafting.
(5) method of the invention is simple, and operation is easy, wide market, is suitble to large-scale production.
Specific embodiment
Principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, example is served only for explaining this hair
It is bright, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The method of the greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: balsam pear seed soaking and vernalization
Seed of bitter gourd is taken, after drying, with 50 DEG C of water seed soaking, and is stirred continuously until dropping to 28 DEG C, after natural cooling
48h is impregnated again, is then cleaned, is drained, then the seed of bitter gourd drained is put into 28 DEG C of insulating boxs, vernalization 2d, and protect with clear water
It is wet to hold seed, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after the seed of 60% quantity to get to the seed of bitter gourd after vernalization.
Step 2: the seed soaking of water melon stock and vernalization
It fetches water melon stock seed, after drying, with 50 DEG C of water seed soaking, and is stirred continuously until drop to 28 DEG C, it is naturally cold
But 8h is impregnated after again, is then cleaned with clear water, is drained, the water melon seed drained is put into 28 DEG C of insulating boxs, vernalization 2d, and protect
It is wet to hold seed, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after the seed of 60% quantity to get to the water melon seed after vernalization.
Step 3: sowing
Seedling medium is taken, the commercially available purchase of the seedling medium is such as purchased from Luqing Horticulture Inst, Jinan City., name of product
For " Lu Qing ", the sum of mass percent of organic matter and humic acid >=40%.
Seedling medium is sprinkled profoundly water, is stirred evenly, film is covered, it is bored to put 1d；
One layer of mulch is spread on the ground of greenhouse, the above-mentioned bored seedling medium for putting 1d is equably tiled onto mulch,
With a thickness of 3cm.
The late 3d sowing of water melon stock seed after the vernalization that seed of bitter gourd after the vernalization that step 1 obtains is obtained than step 2,
Seed of bitter gourd after vernalization and the water melon stock kind child partition after vernalization are equably sown on seedling medium, with matrix lid
Kind, with a thickness of 0.5cm, and sprinkle profoundly water；Subregion is covered tightly with film respectively on balsam pear seedling and water melon seedling；To 70% quantity
When seed of bitter gourd and water melon stock seed grow cotyledon and push up film upwards, open respectively thin on balsam pear seedling and water melon seedling
Film restores daily greenhouse management.
Step 4: grafting
When the water melon seedling of step 2 grows to a leaf wholeheartedly, grafted.
Seedling medium is sprinkled profoundly water, is stirred evenly, cover film, it is bored put 1d after, be packed into hole tray.
The 300 times of liquid of fenaminosulf wettable powder for being 55% with mass percent spray balsam pear and water melon stock.Above-mentioned enemy
Gram loose commercially available purchase of wettable powder, is such as purchased from Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province China chemical general factory, name of product is " long pearl ".
The growing point that water removal melon stock is removed from base portion, with the grafting knife for the alcohol disinfecting for being 75% through percentage by volume from water
Melon stock upper vertical cotyledon direction is cut downwards, and the depth of joint-cutting is 0.8cm.
The scion of balsam pear is at hypocotyl 2cm, and with the positive and negative 45 ° of each partial applications obliquely of grafting knife, section length is
1.0cm forms a sphenoid.
By in the joint-cutting of the scion insertion water melon stock of balsam pear, makes scion and stock surfacing, clamped with Grafting clip；Again
It is cut off from water melon stock stem root with grafting knife, abandons stem root below, the grafting for cutting off water melon stock root system is inserted into
To the Medium Culture of above-mentioned hole tray.
Step 5: the management of grafting
In one layer of the ground upper berth of greenhouse mulch, the hole tray that step 4 is equipped with grafting is put, covers hole tray with film
And it seals.
3d after grafting opens the film in hole tray in morning 8:00, after 0.5h, when here grafting withers a little, immediately
Film is covered, and covers sunshade net in 11:00；The operation is repeated daily later to 7d.
8d after grafting, 4:30, opens the film in hole tray in the afternoon, is sprayed simultaneously with bactericide and insecticide；It
Afterwards, until being out of the garden before field planting, day and night all opens film, and waters in daily morning 8:00, and daily 11:00 is covered
Sunshade net.
10d after grafting erases the sprouting of the cotyledon base portion of water melon stock until being out of the garden before field planting in time daily.
14d after grafting is spraying grafting simultaneously with bactericide and insecticide, and after 1d, can be out of the garden field planting.
Wherein, bactericide is 800 times of liquid of Bravo wettable powder that mass percent is 75% and mass percent is
The mixture of 64% 800 times of liquid of Sandofan wettable powder, the insecticide are that the cyromazine that mass percent is 75% can
3000 times of liquid of wet powder.The above-mentioned commercially available purchase of Bravo wettable powder is such as purchased from Syngenta (Suzhou) crop protection
Co., Ltd, name of product are " good enlightening is applied ".The above-mentioned commercially available purchase of Sandofan wettable powder, such as purchased from Syngenta (Soviet Union
State) crop protection Co., Ltd, name of product is " Sandofan ", the Wakil and quality percentage for being 8% containing mass percent
The mancozeb that number is 56%.The above-mentioned commercially available purchase of cyromazine wettable powder, such as marking positive crop science purchased from Shaanxi has
Limit company, name of product are " latent card ".
Embodiment 2
The method of the greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: balsam pear seed soaking and vernalization
Seed of bitter gourd is taken, after drying, with 53 DEG C of water seed soaking, and is stirred continuously until dropping to 29 DEG C, after natural cooling
60h is impregnated again, is then cleaned, is drained, then the seed of bitter gourd drained is put into 29 DEG C of insulating boxs, vernalization 3d, and protect with clear water
It is wet to hold seed, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after the seed of 70% quantity to get to the seed of bitter gourd after vernalization.
Step 2: the seed soaking of water melon stock and vernalization
It fetches water melon stock seed, after drying, with 53 DEG C of water seed soaking, and is stirred continuously until drop to 29 DEG C, it is naturally cold
But 10h is impregnated after again, is then cleaned with clear water, is drained, the water melon seed drained is put into 29 DEG C of insulating boxs, vernalization 3d, and
It keeps seed wet, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after the seed of 70% quantity to get to the water melon seed after vernalization.
Step 3: sowing
Seedling medium is taken, the commercially available purchase of the seedling medium is such as purchased from Luqing Horticulture Inst, Jinan City., name of product
For " Lu Qing ", the sum of mass percent of organic matter and humic acid >=40%.
Seedling medium is sprinkled profoundly water, is stirred evenly, film is covered, it is bored to put 1d；
One layer of mulch is spread on the ground of greenhouse, the above-mentioned bored seedling medium for putting 1d is equably tiled onto mulch,
With a thickness of 4cm.
The late 4d sowing of water melon stock seed after the vernalization that seed of bitter gourd after the vernalization that step 1 obtains is obtained than step 2,
Seed of bitter gourd after vernalization and the water melon stock kind child partition after vernalization are equably sown on seedling medium, with matrix lid
Kind, with a thickness of 1.0cm, and sprinkle profoundly water；Subregion is covered tightly with film respectively on balsam pear seedling and water melon seedling；To 72% quantity
When seed of bitter gourd and water melon stock seed grow cotyledon and push up film upwards, open respectively thin on balsam pear seedling and water melon seedling
Film restores daily greenhouse management.
Step 4: grafting
When the water melon seedling of step 2 grows to a leaf wholeheartedly, grafted.
Seedling medium is sprinkled profoundly water, is stirred evenly, cover film, it is bored put 1d after, be packed into hole tray.
The 400 times of liquid of fenaminosulf wettable powder for being 55% with mass percent spray balsam pear and water melon stock.Above-mentioned enemy
Gram loose commercially available purchase of wettable powder, is such as purchased from Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province China chemical general factory, name of product is " long pearl ".
The growing point that water removal melon stock is removed from base portion, with the grafting knife for the alcohol disinfecting for being 75% through percentage by volume from water
Melon stock upper vertical cotyledon direction is cut downwards, and the depth of joint-cutting is 0.9cm.
The scion of balsam pear is at hypocotyl 2.2cm, and with the positive and negative 45 ° of each partial applications obliquely of grafting knife, section length is
1.1cm forms a sphenoid.
By in the joint-cutting of the scion insertion water melon stock of balsam pear, makes scion and stock surfacing, clamped with Grafting clip；Again
It is cut off from water melon stock stem root with grafting knife, abandons stem root below, the grafting for cutting off water melon stock root system is inserted into
To the Medium Culture of above-mentioned hole tray.
Step 5: the management of grafting
In one layer of the ground upper berth of greenhouse mulch, the hole tray that step 4 is equipped with grafting is put, covers hole tray with film
And it seals.
3d after grafting opens the film in hole tray in morning 8:30, after 1.0h, when here grafting withers a little, immediately
Film is covered, and covers sunshade net in 13:00；The operation is repeated daily later to 8d.
9d after grafting, 5:00, opens the film in hole tray in the afternoon, is sprayed simultaneously with bactericide and insecticide；It
Afterwards, until being out of the garden before field planting, day and night all opens film, and waters in daily morning 8:30, and daily 12:00 is covered
Sunshade net.
12d after grafting erases the sprouting of the cotyledon base portion of water melon stock until being out of the garden before field planting in time daily.
15d after grafting is spraying grafting simultaneously with bactericide and insecticide, and after 1d, can be out of the garden field planting.
Wherein, bactericide is 800 times of liquid of Bravo wettable powder that mass percent is 75% and mass percent is
The mixture of 64% 800 times of liquid of Sandofan wettable powder, the insecticide are that the cyromazine that mass percent is 75% can
3000 times of liquid of wet powder.The above-mentioned commercially available purchase of Bravo wettable powder is such as purchased from Syngenta (Suzhou) crop protection
Co., Ltd, name of product are " good enlightening is applied ".The above-mentioned commercially available purchase of Sandofan wettable powder, such as purchased from Syngenta (Soviet Union
State) crop protection Co., Ltd, name of product is " Sandofan ", the Wakil and quality percentage for being 8% containing mass percent
The mancozeb that number is 56%.The above-mentioned commercially available purchase of cyromazine wettable powder, such as marking positive crop science purchased from Shaanxi has
Limit company, name of product are " latent card ".
Embodiment 3
The method of the greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: balsam pear seed soaking and vernalization
Seed of bitter gourd is taken, after drying, with 55 DEG C of water seed soaking, and is stirred continuously until dropping to 30 DEG C, after natural cooling
72h is impregnated again, is then cleaned, is drained, then the seed of bitter gourd drained is put into 30 DEG C of insulating boxs, vernalization 3d, and protect with clear water
It is wet to hold seed, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after the seed of 80% quantity to get to the seed of bitter gourd after vernalization.
Step 2: the seed soaking of water melon stock and vernalization
It fetches water melon stock seed, after drying, with 55 DEG C of water seed soaking, and is stirred continuously until drop to 30 DEG C, it is naturally cold
But 12h is impregnated after again, is then cleaned with clear water, is drained, the water melon seed drained is put into 30 DEG C of insulating boxs, vernalization 2d, and
It keeps seed wet, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after the seed of 80% quantity to get to the water melon seed after vernalization.
Step 3: sowing
Seedling medium is taken, the commercially available purchase of the seedling medium is such as purchased from Luqing Horticulture Inst, Jinan City., name of product
For " Lu Qing ", the sum of mass percent of organic matter and humic acid >=40%.
Seedling medium is sprinkled profoundly water, is stirred evenly, film is covered, it is bored to put 1d；
One layer of mulch is spread on the ground of greenhouse, the above-mentioned bored seedling medium for putting 1d is equably tiled onto mulch,
With a thickness of 5cm.
The late 4d sowing of water melon stock seed after the vernalization that seed of bitter gourd after the vernalization that step 1 obtains is obtained than step 2,
Seed of bitter gourd after vernalization and the water melon stock kind child partition after vernalization are equably sown on seedling medium, with matrix lid
Kind, with a thickness of 1.5cm, and sprinkle profoundly water；Subregion is covered tightly with film respectively on balsam pear seedling and water melon seedling；To 5% quantity
When seed of bitter gourd and water melon stock seed grow cotyledon and push up film upwards, open respectively thin on balsam pear seedling and water melon seedling
Film restores daily greenhouse management.
Step 4: grafting
When the water melon seedling of step 2 grows to a leaf wholeheartedly, grafted.
Seedling medium is sprinkled profoundly water, is stirred evenly, cover film, it is bored put 1d after, be packed into hole tray.
The 500 times of liquid of fenaminosulf wettable powder for being 55% with mass percent spray balsam pear and water melon stock.Above-mentioned enemy
Gram loose commercially available purchase of wettable powder, is such as purchased from Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province China chemical general factory, name of product is " long pearl ".
The growing point that water removal melon stock is removed from base portion, with the grafting knife for the alcohol disinfecting for being 75% through percentage by volume from water
Melon stock upper vertical cotyledon direction is cut downwards, and the depth of joint-cutting is 1cm.
The scion of balsam pear is at hypocotyl 2.5cm, and with the positive and negative 45 ° of each partial applications obliquely of grafting knife, section length is
1.2cm forms a sphenoid.
By in the joint-cutting of the scion insertion water melon stock of balsam pear, makes scion and stock surfacing, clamped with Grafting clip；Again
It is cut off from water melon stock stem root with grafting knife, abandons stem root below, the grafting for cutting off water melon stock root system is inserted into
To the Medium Culture of above-mentioned hole tray.
Step 5: the management of grafting
In one layer of the ground upper berth of greenhouse mulch, the hole tray that step 4 is equipped with grafting is put, covers hole tray with film
And it seals.
3d after grafting opens the film in hole tray in morning 8:00-9:00, after 0.5h, when grafting withers a little
Here, film is covered immediately, and covers sunshade net in 11:00；The operation is repeated daily later to 9d.
10d after grafting, 5:30, opens the film in hole tray in the afternoon, is sprayed simultaneously with bactericide and insecticide；It
Afterwards, until being out of the garden before field planting, day and night all opens film, and waters in daily morning 9:00, and daily 13:00 is covered
Sunshade net.
12d after grafting erases the sprouting of the cotyledon base portion of water melon stock until being out of the garden before field planting in time daily.
15d after grafting is spraying grafting simultaneously with bactericide and insecticide, and after 2d, can be out of the garden field planting.
Wherein, bactericide is 800 times of liquid of Bravo wettable powder that mass percent is 75% and mass percent is
The mixture of 64% 800 times of liquid of Sandofan wettable powder, the insecticide are that the cyromazine that mass percent is 75% can
3000 times of liquid of wet powder.The above-mentioned commercially available purchase of Bravo wettable powder is such as purchased from Syngenta (Suzhou) crop protection
Co., Ltd, name of product are " good enlightening is applied ".The above-mentioned commercially available purchase of Sandofan wettable powder, such as purchased from Syngenta (Soviet Union
State) crop protection Co., Ltd, name of product is " Sandofan ", the Wakil and quality percentage for being 8% containing mass percent
The mancozeb that number is 56%.The above-mentioned commercially available purchase of cyromazine wettable powder, such as marking positive crop science purchased from Shaanxi has
Limit company, name of product are " latent card ".
Experimental example 1: influence of the different seed soaking times to balsam pear germination percentage and germinating energy is analyzed
In the seed soaking step of seed of bitter gourd, the seed soaking time and seed soaking time of the invention of the prior art is respectively adopted, leads to
The germination percentage and germinating energy of measurement seed are crossed, to analyze influence of the different seed soaking times to balsam pear germination percentage and germinating energy.Specifically
Method be:
Seed of bitter gourd is taken, after drying, with 50 DEG C of water seed soaking, and is stirred continuously until drop to 28 DEG C, natural cooling
Afterwards, then respectively impregnate 12h, for 24 hours, 48h, 60h and 72h, then cleaned with clear water, drain, place into 28 DEG C of insulating boxs and urge
Bud keeps seed wet during vernalization, and after vernalization 2d, daily same time same people observes and records the kind of balsam pear germination
Subnumber continuously records 7d.
100 full, healthy seed of bitter gourd are selected in each processing, and each processing is respectively provided with 3 repetitions, counts respectively
Germination percentage and germinating energy.Wherein, germination percentage is that the seed number of germination accounts for the percentage for sample seed number (100).Germinating energy
It is chitting piece number after vernalization 3d for the percentage of sample seed number.Percentage of seedgermination is high, indicates that seed sprouting is fast；Seed hair
Bud gesture is high, indicates that seed vigor is strong, and emergence is neat and strengthens.
With 19 software analysis data of spss.
As a result see Table 1 for details.
Influence of the different seed soaking time of table 1 to seed of bitter gourd germination percentage and germinating energy
| Seed soaking time (h) | Germination percentage (%) | Germinating energy (%) |
| 12 | 64.00±1.00D | 34.67±0.58D |
| 24 | 78.33±4.16C | 40.67±2.08C |
| 48 | 96.67±0.58A | 53.00±1.00B |
| 60 | 90.00±1.00B | 61.67±1.15A |
| 72 | 88.33±1.53B | 50.33±1.53B |
Note: it is 0.01 that capital letter, which represents the level of signifiance,.
As shown in Table 1, soaking time 48h, 60h and 72h, compared to soaking time for 12h and for 24 hours, the hair of seed of bitter gourd
Bud rate and germinating energy are high, and germination percentage improves 13%-52%, and germinating energy improves 24%-78%.And germination percentage and germinating energy mention
Height is more advantageous to subsequent sowing.Wherein, soaking time 48h, the germination percentage highest of seed of bitter gourd, and soaking time is
60h, the germinating energy highest of seed of bitter gourd.
It can be seen that the time that step 1 of the invention is soaked seed by changing balsam pear, fast and neat, the seedling of seed of bitter gourd emergence
Strong, balsam pear yield potential is big.
Experimental example 2: influence of the different types of seeding to labor efficiency and seeding and seedling raising production cost is analyzed
It sows in step, the type of seeding of the prior art and the type of seeding of the embodiment of the present invention 1 is respectively adopted, passes through survey
It is fixed to labor efficiency and seeding and seedling raising cost, to analyze different types of seeding to labor efficiency and seeding and seedling raising production cost
It influences.
Wherein, the type of seeding of the prior art are as follows: by the balsam pear of germination and the stock seed program request of water melon equipped with sterilized
Afterwards in the hole tray of matrix, hole tray is directly placed on greenhouse ground, is sprinkled profoundly water, then take Small plastic shed, lid film is educated
Seedling.
All operations are completed by same people.
When measuring the labor efficiency of different types of seeding, each processing is respectively provided with 3 repetitions, and each each repetition of processing is equal
The balsam pear to have germinateed and each 200, water melon stock seed are taken, totally 400, calculates labor efficiency per capita.Wherein, " labour effect per capita
Rate=labour total amount/working time ".
When measuring the production cost of different types of seeding, educated according to 200 balsam pears per acre and 200 water melon seed sowings
Seedling calculates the production cost of seeding and seedling raising per acre.Wherein, production cost=pesticide expense expenditure+film expense expenditure+arched shed bar
Expense expenditure+seed expense expenditure+hole tray expense expenditure+matrix expense expenditure, counts the production cost of seeding and seedling raising per acre.
As a result see Table 2 for details and table 3.
Influence of the different type of seeding of table 2 to labor efficiency
| The type of seeding of the prior art | The type of seeding of embodiment 1 | |
| Labour total amount (grain) | 400 | 400 |
| Working time (minute) | 36 | 5 |
| Labor efficiency (grain/minute) per capita | 11.11 | 80 |
Influence of the different type of seeding of table 3 to seeding and seedling raising production cost
| The type of seeding of the prior art | The type of seeding of embodiment 2 | |
| Film expense (member/mu) | 5 | 5 |
| Hole tray expense (member/mu) | 5 | 0 |
| Matrix expense (member/mu) | 30 | 30 |
| Arched shed bar expense (member/mu) | 5 | 0 |
| Seed expense (member/mu) | 320 | 320 |
| Pesticide expense (member/mu) | 150 | 0 |
| Total cost of production (member/mu) | 515 | 355 |
As shown in Table 2, using the type of seeding of the embodiment of the present invention 1, labor efficiency is improved than prior art type of seeding
7.2 times.As shown in Table 3, using the type of seeding of the embodiment of the present invention 1, the production cost of seeding and seedling raising reduces 160 per acre
Member.
In conclusion time saving, laborsaving, labor efficiency is high, and reduces life using the type of seeding of the embodiment of the present invention 1
Cost is produced, labor efficiency is 7 times of the type of seeding of the prior art or more, and the production cost of seeding and seedling raising can drop per acre
Low 150-200 member.
It can be seen that step 3 of the invention is by changing type of seeding, time saving using the method broadcasted sowing, laborsaving, labour
It is high-efficient, and reduce production cost.
Experimental example 3: influence of the different engrafting methods to balsam pear grafting lateral root and quantity production of bitter melon is analyzed
It grafts in step, the engrafting method of the prior art and the engrafting method of the embodiment of the present invention 2 is respectively adopted, passes through survey
Determine the lateral root diameter and quantity production of bitter melon of balsam pear grafting, is produced to analyze different engrafting methods to balsam pear grafting lateral root and balsam pear
The influence of amount.Wherein, the engrafting method of the prior art is cleft graft.
When measuring the lateral root diameter of balsam pear grafting, the engrafting method and the embodiment of the present invention 3 of the prior art is respectively adopted
Method, the 17d after grafting selects 10 plants of graftings respectively, and the lateral root that every plant of grafting selects 4 root thickness strong uses vernier caliper measurement
The lateral root diameter of balsam pear grafting, is averaged, and counts lateral root diameter data, and analyzed with spss19 software.
When measuring quantity production of bitter melon, the engrafting method of engrafting method and the embodiment of the present invention 3 that the prior art is respectively adopted is obtained
The balsam pear grafting arrived, being planted in plot area is 70.72m2, width 110cm, duplicate rows plantation, line-spacing 2m, spacing in the rows 130cm take
Flat frame；3 repetitions are arranged in each processing, totally 6 cells, and each cell plants 20 plants of balsam pear graftings, and each processing is each
The liquid manure and pest management of cell are compared with technical management；In balsam pear fruiting period, the production of each cell picking of every processing is recorded
Amount, and seek its cell total output.
It is specific that see Table 4 for details and table 5.
Influence of the different engrafting method of table 4 to the lateral root thickness of balsam pear grafting
| Processing | Lateral root diameter (mm) |
| The engrafting method of the prior art | 0.46±0.04 |
| The engrafting method of embodiment 3 | 0.74±0.12** |
Note: * *: extremely significant level (0.01).
Influence of the different engrafting method of table 5 to quantity production of bitter melon
Note: * *: extremely significant level (0.01)；I, II, III respectively represents 3 cells of each processing.
As shown in Table 4, using the engrafting method of the embodiment of the present invention 3, lateral root the transferring than the prior art of balsam pear grafting
Connect method sturdy 60.87%.In later period growth and development, balsam pear grafting plant root is obtained using the engrafting method of embodiment 3
System, it is more sturdy than the balsam pear grafting plant root system that the engrafting method using the prior art obtains, and then promote balsam pear grafting plant
What is grown is more healthy and stronger, and growth potential is stronger.
As shown in Table 5, using the engrafting method of the embodiment of the present invention 3, quantity production of bitter melon can improve 24.03% per acre.
In conclusion using the engrafting method of the embodiment of the present invention 3, the lateral root of balsam pear grafting is more sturdy, than existing skill
The sturdy 60-70% of art, and then promote the growth potential of balsam pear grafting plant stronger, quantity production of bitter melon is higher, can improve 23- per acre
25%.
It can be seen that step 4 of the invention cuts off water after balsam pear cleft graft is grafted by changing engrafting method, using passing through
The engrafting method of the root system of melon stock can induce balsam pear grafting and grow more sturdy new root, and then promotes grafting plant growth
It is more healthy and stronger, growth potential is stronger, and quantity production of bitter melon is higher.
Experimental example 4: influence of the different grafting management methods to balsam pear graft survival rate is analyzed
In the management process of grafting, the grafting management method and the embodiment of the present invention 3 of the prior art is respectively adopted
Grafting management method is grafted shoot survival percent by measurement balsam pear, is grafted to analyze different grafting management methods to balsam pear
The influence of shoot survival percent.Wherein, the grafting management method of the prior art are as follows: directly put the hole tray equipped with balsam pear grafting
On electric heating seedbed or greenhouse ground, Small plastic shed is taken, lid film carries out sunshade, shelters yin, heat preservation, moisturizing, and do not carry out pesticide spray
Apply equal daily managements.
When measuring influence of the different grafting management methods to balsam pear grafting shoot survival percent, 3 repetitions are arranged in each processing,
Each each repetition of processing calculates grafting shoot survival percent, is averaged according to 200 plants of grafting.Wherein, balsam pear grafting survives
Rate=grafting survival balsam pear grafting strain number/total balsam pear grafting strain number ", statistics grafting shoot survival percent.
It is specific that see Table 6 for details.
Influence of the different grafting management method of table 6 to balsam pear graft survival rate
Note: * *: extremely significant level (0.01)；I, II, III respectively represents 3 repetitions of each processing.
As shown in Table 6, using the grafting management method of embodiment 3, balsam pear grafts shoot survival percent transferring than the prior art
It connects management method and improves 18.07%, therefore using the grafting management method of embodiment 3, balsam pear grafts shoot survival percent can be with
Improve 15%-20%.
It can be seen that step 5 of the invention is by changing grafting management method, heat preservation, the prevention and treatment of moisturizing and pest and disease damage
Effect is good, can improve the survival rate of balsam pear grafting.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method of greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: balsam pear seed soaking and vernalization
Seed of bitter gourd is taken, after drying, with 50 DEG C -55 DEG C of water seed soaking, and is stirred continuously until drop to 28 DEG C -30 DEG C, it is natural
48h-72h is impregnated after cooling again, is then cleaned, is drained, then vernalization, the seed of bitter gourd after obtaining vernalization with clear water；
Step 2: the seed soaking of water melon stock and vernalization
It fetches water melon stock seed, after drying, with 50 DEG C -55 DEG C of water seed soaking, and is stirred continuously until drop to 28 DEG C -30 DEG C,
8h-12h is impregnated after natural cooling again, is then cleaned, is drained, then vernalization, the water melon seed after obtaining vernalization with clear water；
Step 3: sowing
Seedling medium is sprinkled profoundly water, is stirred evenly, film is covered, it is bored to put 1d；
One layer of mulch is spread on the ground of greenhouse, the above-mentioned bored seedling medium for putting 1d is equably tiled onto mulch；
The late 3d-4d sowing of water melon stock seed after the vernalization that seed of bitter gourd after the vernalization that step 1 obtains is obtained than step 2,
Seed of bitter gourd after vernalization and the water melon stock kind child partition after vernalization are equably sown on seedling medium, with matrix lid
Kind, and sprinkle profoundly water；Subregion is covered tightly with film respectively on balsam pear seedling and water melon seedling；Balsam pear kind to 70%-75% quantity
When son and water melon stock seed grow cotyledon and push up film upwards, the film on balsam pear seedling and water melon seedling is opened respectively, is restored
Daily greenhouse management；
Step 4: grafting
When the water melon seedling of step 2 grows to a leaf wholeheartedly, grafted；
Seedling medium is sprinkled profoundly water, is stirred evenly, cover film, it is bored put 1d after, be packed into hole tray；
The 300-500 times of liquid of fenaminosulf wettable powder for being 55% with mass percent sprays balsam pear and water melon stock；
The growing point that water removal melon stock is removed from base portion, is cut downwards from water melon stock upper vertical cotyledon direction with grafting knife, is cut
The depth of seam is 0.8cm-1cm；
The scion of balsam pear is at hypocotyl 2cm-2.5cm, and with the positive and negative 45 ° of each partial applications obliquely of grafting knife, section length is
1.0cm-1.2cm forms a sphenoid；
By in the joint-cutting of the scion insertion water melon stock of balsam pear, makes scion and stock surfacing, clamped with Grafting clip；Again with transferring
It connects knife to cut off from water melon stock stem root, abandons stem root below, the grafting for cutting off water melon stock root system is inserted into
It states in the seedling medium of hole tray；
Step 5: the management of grafting
In one layer of the ground upper berth of greenhouse mulch, the hole tray that step 4 is equipped with grafting is put, covers hole tray and close with film
Envelope；
3d-5d after grafting opens the film in hole tray in wherein one day morning 8:00-9:00, after 0.5h-1.5h, stands
Film is covered, and covers sunshade net in 11:00-15:00；The operation is repeated daily later to before starting in next step；
8d-10d after grafting opens the film in hole tray in wherein one day 4:30-5:30 in afternoon, with bactericide and kills
Worm medicine sprays simultaneously；Later, until being out of the garden before field planting, day and night all opens film, and in daily morning 8:00-9:00
Watering, daily 11:00-15:00 cover sunshade net；
10d-12d after grafting, one day until be out of the garden before field planting wherein, erases the cotyledon base portion of water melon stock in time daily
Sprouting；
14d-16d after grafting sprays grafting simultaneously with bactericide and insecticide in one day wherein, after 1d-2d
Be out of the garden field planting.
2. the method for greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to urge in step 1
The mode of bud is that the seed of bitter gourd drained is put into 28 DEG C of -30 DEG C of insulating boxs, vernalization 2d-3d, and keeps seed wet, to
The seed of 60%-80% quantity shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally to get to the seed of bitter gourd after vernalization.
3. the method for greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to urge in step 2
The mode of bud is that the water melon seed drained is put into 28 DEG C of -30 DEG C of insulating boxs, vernalization 2d-3d, and keeps seed wet, to
The seed of 60%-80% quantity shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally to get to the water melon seed after vernalization.
4. the method for greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 3 and step 4
In, the sum of mass percent of organic matter and humic acid >=40% in the seedling medium.
5. the method for greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to educate in step 3
Seedling matrix equably tile onto mulch with a thickness of 3cm-5cm.
6. the method for greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 3, the base
Matter lid kind with a thickness of 0.5cm-1.5cm.
7. the method for greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to transfer in step 4
Connect the alcohol disinfecting that knife is 75% through percentage by volume.
8. the method for greenhouse balsam pear graft seedling growth according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to kill in step 5
The antivirus that bacterium medicine is 800-1000 times of liquid of Bravo wettable powder that mass percent is 75% and mass percent is 64%
The mixture of 800-1000 times of liquid of alum wettable powder, the insecticide are the cyromazine wettable powder that mass percent is 75%
3000-5000 times of liquid of agent.
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| CN114097460A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-01 | 金华市农业科学研究院(浙江省农业机械研究院) | Method for controlling excessive growth of bitter gourd heterogenous grafted seedlings by using growth retardant |
| CN114303826A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 山东省种子有限公司 | Method for improving survival rate of grafted seedlings based on cold plasma treatment and application of method in bitter gourd planting |
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