KR20230103928A - A green seedling grafting method for schisandra chinensis - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for grafting green seedlings of Schizandra chinensis, which relates to the field of asexual reproduction technology. This uses the green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis of the corresponding year as rootstock, and adopts the new branch, side branch or tissue culture greenery with leaves of Schisandra chinensis of the corresponding year as the scion, adopts the hypocotyl cut method, and grafts the scion to the inside of the incision of the stock hypocotyl branch, , which involves performing fixation on the graft. The green seedlings of Schizandra chinensis of the corresponding year are seedlings in the growth period after planting two leaves or one planting two leaves. The grafting method provided by the present invention improves grafting efficiency, has a high survival rate, avoids the generation of rootstock underground stems, and can control the location of occurrence of graft varieties underground stems, and is suitable for growing high-quality Schizandra chinensis seedlings.

Description

{A green seedling grafting method for schisandra chinensis}

The present invention relates to a technology for asexual reproduction of Schisandra chinensis, and specifically, to a method for grafting green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis.

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Bail. is a deciduous woody vine plant belonging to Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Bail. It is a natural herbal medicine. In recent years, with the increase in market demand and the serious damage of wild resources, the artificial cultivation of Schisandra chinensis has developed rapidly, and the technology of high-efficiency asexual reproduction of Schisandra chinensis has been developed. .

In addition to normal ground branches and vines, Schisandra chinensis has special underground stems, which mainly occur in the low shoots of the root area, and the underground stem itself develops a large number of shoots in addition to extending horizontally underground. Gum branches have strong growth, do not develop the adventitious root system of underground stems, have weak absorption, and a large amount of nutrients still need to be supplied to the mother plant, causing greater nutrient competition in flowering results and normal plant growth of Schisandra chinensis. Therefore, when cultivating Schisandra chinensis, the occurrence of underground stems must be controlled. The asexual reproduction technology of Schizandra chinensis should not only help increase the reproductive efficiency, but also help control the underground stem.

At present, asexual reproduction of Schisandra chinensis mainly includes several methods, such as grafting of cultivated stems, grafting of shoots, and tissue culture. In addition, the production location of the underground stem of the seedling is excessively low, making it difficult to control, and the reproductive period is excessively short and excessively concentrated. Restrict the development of seed improvement.

In light of this, the present invention is proposed.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above technical problem by providing a method for grafting green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis. The inventor adopts the hypocotyl green seedling grafting method, and at the same time, the reproductive survival rate is low, the reproductive technology is complex and difficult to operate, the rootstock underground stem competes with the grafted variety, the production location of the seedling underground stem is excessively low, making it difficult to control reproduction. It was discovered for the first time that a number of bottlenecks such as excessive concentration were overcome at the same time due to excessively short period of time.

The present invention is achieved as follows:

)로 하고, 하배축 할접의 방식을 채용하여, 접수가 대목 하배축 지점의 절개구 내측에 접목되도록 하고, 접목구에 대해 고정을 수행하는 것을 포함하고;The present invention provides a method for grafting green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis, which: Takes the green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis in the corresponding year as a rootstock, and accepts new branches, side branches or tissue culture greenery with leaves of Schisandra chinensis in the corresponding year (

), adopting the method of hypocotyl cut grafting, so that the scion is grafted inside the incision of the stock hypocotyl branch, and fixing the graft;

Green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis of the year are seedlings in the growth period after the two-leaf one-planting period or two-leaf one-planting period.

The two-leaf planting period refers to the time when Schizandra chinensis seedlings have two complete true leaves and one new leaf (undeveloped). Seedlings in the growing season after two-leaf planting include, but are not limited to: Seedlings in the growing season of three-leaf one-planting and four-leaf one-planting. Seedlings in the growth period after single leaf planting can be grafted for a long time.

Since the conventional sprout grafting method adopts a double grafting method, there are cases where the rootstock is relatively thin (less than 1 mm in diameter), which is difficult to control, and the rootstock is easily split, resulting in unnecessary loss of the rootstock and grafting efficiency. I have this lower problem. In addition, since the sprout grafted rootstock is a sprout in the cotyledon flattening stage, it is difficult to reproduce a large amount of seedlings within such a short grafting suitable period. In addition, in the sprout grafting method, there is a further problem in that time and cost are incurred in removing sprouts from cotyledon sprouts.

The inventors have found that by selecting an appropriate stock thickness, the cut is easier. The selected rootstock is relatively thick, easier to cut, and has a high grafting efficiency. And the survival rate problem can be completely solved by adopting the method of taking the leafy green area as the receptionist of the year. As a receptionist, the leafy green of the year has the advantages of rapid rootstock healing and easy survival, and the grafting survival rate reaches 96%.

By the way, when hypocotyl grafting is employed, rootstock rootlets and underground stems are not generated, and there is no problem of competition between rootstocks and grafted varieties. In addition, the grafting method provided by the present invention can control the location of the underground stem of the grafted seedling by adjusting the height of the reception shoot, so that the management of the underground stem is more convenient.

In a preferred mode of implementation of the application of the present invention, before grafting, the scion keeps one upper shoot, cuts the tender end of the shoot 0.5 to 1.0 cm, and cuts the leaves 1/3 to 1/2. What needs to be explained is that the length of the grafting can be determined according to the specific needs of the location of the underground stem of the grafted seedling. is formed, and an underground stem is created at a corresponding location, so that the management of the subsequent underground stem is easy.

For example, cut 0.5 cm, 0.6 cm, 0.7 cm, 0.8 cm, 0.9 cm or 1.0 cm from the bud. If the upper part of the sprout is cut into a sprout of a certain length, the new branch has the effect of protecting the sprout.

In a kind of selective implementation method, a sprout of an excellent variety or a strong growth line is selected as a scion, but the scion is preferably used as needed, for example, when long-distance transportation, low temperature, moisture retention, and freshness maintenance are required, can improve survival rates.

In a relatively preferred implementation of the application of the present invention, when a scion has multiple shoots, one upper shoot is kept, the leaves connected to the remaining lower shoots are cut from the base, and the lower shoot is cut into a double-slope wedge shape. do.

In a kind of optional implementation, the bottom of the reception is cut into a double-slope wedge shape. The length of the double-slope wedge is 0.5 to 0.8 cm, the slope of the double-slope wedge is smooth, and the angle is small and uniform. Such a cut is advantageous for better bonding of the wedge-shaped slope of the scion with the stump of the stock, and allows the cambium of both to be better aligned. In case of inconsistency in the intensity of illumination of the reception and passage, it is sufficient to aim at one side.

In a kind of optional implementation, a cut hole of 0.8 to 1.2 mm is left blank at the top of the double sloped wedge shape of the reception. This setting can increase the contact area of the cambium of the scion and stock, which is advantageous for the formation and healing of conidia.

In a relatively preferred implementation method of the application of the present invention, before grafting, watering the green seedlings of Schizandra chinensis of the corresponding year, transversely cutting the lower two leaves of the hypocotyl of the green seedlings of Schizandra chinensis of the corresponding year, removing the upper part of the stock, and removing one in the middle of the hypocotyl The incision is incised, and the length of the incision is equal to or slightly shorter than the graft cut.

The definition of mid-hypocotyl includes, but is not limited to: a location approximately midway between the hypocotyl and visible to the naked eye.

In a kind of selective implementation method, cutting is performed when the roughness of the hypocotyl axis reaches 1.5 to 3 mm. For example, 2.0mm roughness.

In a relatively preferred mode of implementation of the application of the present invention, a scion is inserted into the incision, the cambium layers of both scion and stock are aligned, and then fixation is performed on the graft. Grafts can be bundled and fixed using grafting shims or using twine.

In a preferred implementation mode of the application of the present invention, after grafting is completed, light management, temperature management, and humidity management after grafting are further included. Management after grafting allows Schisandra chinensis grafted seedlings to heal wounds faster and quickly adapt to the external environment.

In a relatively preferred implementation mode of the application of the present invention, after grafting, the seedling board supporting the grafted seedlings is light-treated for 3 to 4 days, and then light is appropriately supplemented. Supplement) to perform breeding, and recover to normal lighting 10 to 12 days after light exposure.

As a kind of optional implementation method, adequate light supplementation refers to using a shading net having a transmittance of 50 to 70% at noon to shade, and supplementing the amount of light in the morning and afternoon.

In a relatively preferred implementation mode of the application of the present invention, the temperature management is that during the wound healing period of grafted seedlings, the cultivation temperature during the day is 25 to 30 °C and the culture temperature at night is 15 to 20 °C; Include air curing for seedlings after 20 days.

In a relatively preferred implementation method of the application of the present invention, humidity management is to maintain the environmental humidity at 95% or more for 10 days prior to grafting, to ventilate the air once or twice every day in the morning or evening for 10 days after the grafting, and to set the air humidity to 90%. Including keeping it above %.

In a relatively preferred implementation mode of the application of the present invention, it further includes cultivating stock before grafting, and performing seedling raising using a seedling board 50 to 65 days before grafting.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The present invention employs the green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis of the corresponding year as rootstock, adopts the new branch, side branch or tissue culture greenery with leaves of Schisandra chinensis of the corresponding year as the receptionist, adopts the hypocotyl cut method, and the receptionist is located inside the incision of the hypocotyl branch of the stock. to be incorporated. The roughness of seedling seedlings in the single-side planting period and thereafter is relatively large, the cutting operation is easier, and the grafting efficiency is improved.

If greenery with leaves of the corresponding year is adopted as a reception, it has the advantage of surviving easily, and the grafting survival rate is relatively high. In addition, when hypocotyl grafting is employed, rootstock rootlets and underground stems are not generated, and there is no problem of competition between rootstocks and grafted varieties. In addition, the grafting method provided by the present invention can control the location of the underground stem of the grafted seedling by adjusting the height of the reception shoot, so that the management of the underground stem is more convenient.

In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces drawings that need to be used in the embodiments. It should not be understood as, for those skilled in the art, on the premise that creative labor is not transparent, other related drawings can be further obtained based on the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1a is a real view of Schizandra chinensis grafting; Figure 1b is a real view of green grafting; Figure 1c is a real view of sprout grafting; Figure 1d is a real view of green seedling grafting.
Figure 2a is a schematic diagram of the underground stems produced by green grafted plant rootstocks; Figure 2b is a schematic diagram of a mass of underground stems produced by tissue culture plants; Figure 2c is a situation diagram of underground stems in which green seedlings grafted plants produced a small amount or not (similar to ground grafting and sprout grafting results).
Figure 3 shows the grafting of green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis.

In order to further clarify the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention, the following clearly and completely describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. If there are no clear specific conditions in the examples, it is performed under normal conditions or conditions according to the manufacturer's suggestion. If the sample or instrument does not have a clear manufacturer's mark, it is regarded as a normal product purchased from the market.

In the following, a further detailed description of the features and performance of the present invention is carried out by combining embodiments.

Example 1

This embodiment provides a method for grafting green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis, as shown in Figs. 1D to 3, including:

1. Rootstock cultivation

Green seedlings of the corresponding year of sowing reproduction were employed as rootstocks, and 60 days before grafting, a 50-well seedling plate was used to protect seedlings grown in soil, the substrate should be sparse, fertile and rich in organic matter, and the soil A fungicidal treatment was performed against each root disease. Fertilizer, water and herbicide management were strengthened throughout the process. Grafting is possible when the seedlings are in the single side planting period, and when the hypocotyl roughness reaches around 2.0mm.

In addition, in other implementation methods, under the premise that the grafted seedlings are seedlings of the corresponding year, long-term grafting may be performed using green seedlings in a different growth period after the one-by-one planting period.

2. Hypocotyl cleavage

The substrate of stock seedlings before grafting requires irrigation and is grafted under shading conditions. When grafting, use a sharp double-sided blade, keep your hands and blade clean, and replace the blade immediately if it becomes dull.

As a scion, a sprout of an excellent variety or a strong growth line is selected, but the scion is preferably employed as needed, for example, when long-distance transportation, low temperature, moisturization, and freshness maintenance are required, thereby improving the survival rate. Before grafting, the scion maintains one upper shoot, the scion length is determined according to the specific needs of the location of the grafted seedling underground stem, the bud end of the shoot is cut 0.5 to 1.0 cm, and according to the size of the leaf, 1 of the leaf /3 ~ 1/2 cut. If the scion has multiple shoots, the leaves connected to the remaining lower shoots are cut from the base, and cut into a double-slope wedge shape of 0.5-0.8 cm at the bottom of the scion, the slope is smooth, and the angle is small but uniform.

The lower part of the two cotyledons of the stock seedling hypocotyl is transversely cut, and the upper part of the stock is removed. One incision is cut in the middle of the hypocotyl, the length is equivalent to the length of the scion cut, the scion is inserted without gaps, the cambium layers of scion and stock are aligned, and the roughness of scion and stock is inconsistent Aim at one side, and a space of around 1.0mm is required on the receiving cutting surface, and the grafting tool is fixed using a grafting fitting. Graft one plant per well, and keep the scion leaves of previously grafted plants moist until all stocks in each nursery are grafted.

In addition to new branches, side branches or tissue culture greenery of the year can all be used for grafting, and when using new branches as scion, it is necessary to ensure that the leaf buds of the new branches adopted are not yet differentiated into flower buds.

3. Care after grafting

3.1 Lighting management, after grafting, place the seedling board in an arched warehouse with good airtightness, perform light management for 3 days in advance, and then shade it with a awning net with a light transmittance of 70% at noon, and moderate lighting in the morning and afternoon After 10 days, remove the awning net to ensure normal lighting.

3.2 Humidity management After grafting green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis, maintain an environment with a relative humidity of 95% or higher for 10 days in advance. After 10 days, ventilate the room 1 or 2 times every morning or evening, but be careful not to let the air humidity in the arched warehouse fall below 90%.

3.3 Temperature management, the suitable temperature for wound healing of grafted seedlings is around 25˚C during the day, and the maximum temperature does not exceed 30˚C; The evening is around 20˚C, the lowest temperature does not fall below 15˚C, and healing usually improves after 10 days. Ventilation hardening after 20 days, gradually adapting to global environmental conditions.

3.4 Transplanting and care of seedlings

Sufficiently cured Schisandra chinensis grafted seedlings can be transplanted into a culture tray of an appropriate size along with a lump of soil, the substrate must be sparse, fertile, and contain organic matter, and after transplantation, it must be concentrated in the seedling area of the open field, and the light transmittance is 70% Adopt a awning net to shade and keep the substrate moist. After 10 days, the awning net is removed, and NPK complex water-soluble fertilizer is regularly supplemented according to nutritional needs. In the management process, attention should be paid to powdery mildew prevention and control, such as using powdery mildew powder for powdery mildew prevention and control.

Example 2

This embodiment provides a method for grafting green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis, which includes:

1. Rootstock cultivation

Green seedlings of the year in which they were sowed and reproduced were used as rootstocks, and 72-well seedling plates were used to protect seedlings from the ground 65 days before grafting. Sterilization against root disease should be carried out. Fertilizer, water and herbicide management were strengthened throughout the process. Grafting is possible when seedlings are in the dead leaf single planting period and hypocotyl roughness reaches around 2.5mm.

2. Hypocotyl cleavage

The substrate of stock seedlings before grafting requires irrigation, and is grafted under shading conditions. When grafting, use a sharp double-sided blade, keep your hands and blade clean, and replace the blade immediately if it becomes dull.

As receptionists, select shoots of excellent varieties or lines with strong growth potential. When grafting, the scion maintains one upper shoot, the scion length is determined according to the specific needs of the location of the grafted seedling underground stem, and the bud tip of the shoot is cut 0.5 to 1.0 cm, according to the size of the leaf, 1 of the leaf /3 ~ 1/2 cut. When the scion has multiple shoots, the remaining lower shoots are cut at the base with connected leaves, and the bottom of the scion is cut into a double-slope wedge shape of 0.5-0.8 cm, the slope is smooth, and the angle is small but uniform.

The lower part of the two cotyledons of the stock seedling hypocotyl is transversely cut, and the upper part of the stock is removed. One incision is cut in the middle of the hypocotyl, the length is equivalent to the length of the scion cut, the scion is inserted without gaps, the cambium layers of scion and stock are aligned, and the roughness of scion and stock is inconsistent Aim at one side, and a space of around 1.0mm is required on the receiving cutting surface, and the grafting tool is fixed using a grafting fitting. Graft one plant per well, and keep the scion leaves of previously grafted plants moist until all stocks in each nursery are grafted.

3. Care after grafting

3.1 Lighting management

After grafting, place the seedling board in a well-sealed arched warehouse, perform light management for 3 days in advance, and then shade by employing a awning net with a light transmittance of 70% at noon, moderately light in the morning and afternoon, and 10 days After removing the awning net, make it normal lighting.

3.2 Humidity management

After grafting green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis, maintain an environment with a relative humidity of 95% or higher for 10 days in advance. After 10 days, ventilate the room 1 or 2 times every morning or evening, but be careful not to let the air humidity in the arched warehouse fall below 90%.

3.3 Temperature management

The suitable temperature for wound healing of grafted seedlings is around 25˚C during the day, and the highest temperature does not exceed 30˚C; The evening is around 20˚C, the lowest temperature does not fall below 15˚C, and healing usually improves after 10 days. Ventilation hardening after 20 days, gradually adapting to global environmental conditions.

3.4 Transplanting and care of seedlings

Sufficiently cured Schisandra chinensis grafted seedlings can be transplanted into a culture tray of an appropriate size along with a lump of soil, the substrate must be sparse, fertile, and contain organic matter, and after transplantation, it must be concentrated in the seedling area of the open field, and the light transmittance is 70% Adopt a awning net to shade and keep the substrate moist. After 10 days, the awning net is removed, and NPK complex water-soluble fertilizer is regularly supplemented according to nutritional needs. In the management process, attention should be paid to powdery mildew prevention and control, such as using powdery mildew powder for powdery mildew prevention and control.

Comparative Example 1

This comparative example is asexual reproduction employing a method of grafting cultivated land (Fig. 1a).

Comparative Example 2

This comparative example is asexual reproduction performed by referring to the sprout seedling grafting method in CN101194570B (FIG. 1c).

Comparative Example 3

This comparative example is asexual reproduction performed by employing the green cutting method (Fig. 1b).

Comparative Example 4

This comparative example is asexual reproduction performed by referring to the multilayer reproduction method in CN105210638B.

Comparative Example 5

This comparative example is asexual reproduction performed by employing a tissue culture method (FIG. 2B).

Experimental Example 1

Schisandra plants obtained by reproduction in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are as shown in FIG. 1, and see Table 1 for survival rate statistics.

Table 1 compares the effect of Schizandra chinensis asexual reproduction method.

grafting method survival rate (%) Skill Manipulation Difficulty Underground stem production situation treatment cutting edge 30.5 easy operation Non-production or low-volume production Unnecessary greenery 90.5% easy operation massive production necessary sprout grafting 95.1% cost manipulation Non-production or low-volume production necessary green seedling grafting 96.5 easy operation Non-production or low-volume production Unnecessary raw food 80.5 easy operation massive production - tissue culture 100% complex, costly operation massive production -

As can be seen from FIGS. 1a to 1d and FIGS. 2a to 2c and Table 1, the grafting method of Comparative Example 1 has a relatively low grafting survival rate. On the other hand, in the sprout grafting method of Comparative Example 2, the rootstock is relatively thin and difficult to manipulate, and the grafting efficiency is low; The rootstock is a shoot at the time of cotyledon flattening, and the period suitable for grafting is short; It takes a lot of time and money to remove sprouts from cotyledon sprouts. Referring to FIG. 2A, the green cutting method of Comparative Example 3 requires a relatively large amount of work to remove sprouts after grafting; There are defects such as the generation of rootstock underground stems, difficult control, and unsuitability for large-area spread use. In Comparative Example 4, the entwined reproduction method requires an adult seedling period of 2 years, the underground stem generation position is low, and control is difficult. Referring to FIG. 2B , in the tissue culture method in Comparative Example 5, there are problems in that the internode is excessively short, the underground stem generation position is excessively low, and the underground stem control is extremely difficult. On the other hand, referring to FIG. 2C, hypocotyl grafting performed in Example 1 can increase the grafting efficiency, have a high survival rate, avoid generation of rootstock underground stems, and efficiently locate the generation location of the underground stems of the accepted variety. It can be controlled, so it is suitable for growing high-quality Schisandra chinensis seedlings.

The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not used to limit the present invention, and a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the present invention. As long as they are within the spirit and principle of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, changes, etc. applied are all included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

In the method of grafting green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis,
The green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis of the relevant year are used as rootstock, and new branches, side branches or tissue culture greenery with leaves of Schisandra chinensis of the corresponding year are accepted (

), and adopting the method of hypocotyl cut, so that the scion is grafted inside the incision at the hypocotyl branch of the stock, and fixation is performed on the graft,
Characterized in that the green seedlings of Schizandra chinensis of the corresponding year are seedlings of the growth period after the two-leaf one-planting period or two-leaf one-planting period,
Grafting method of green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis. According to claim 1,
Characterized in that, before grafting, the receptionist keeps one upper shoot, cuts the tender end of the shoot by 0.5 to 1.0 cm, and cuts the leaves by 1/3 to 1/2.
Grafting method of green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis. According to claim 2,
If the scion has multiple shoots, keep one upper shoot, and the leaves connected to the remaining lower shoots are cut from the base, and the lower scion is cut into a double-slope wedge shape;
Preferably, the length of the double inclined surface wedge is 0.5 to 0.8 cm, and the inclined surface of the double inclined surface wedge is smooth;
Preferably, at the upper end of the double inclined surface wedge of the reception, a 0.8 to 1.2 mm cutting hole is kept blank,
Grafting method of green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis. According to claim 1,
Before grafting, spraying the green seedlings of Schizandra chinensis of the corresponding year, transversely cutting the lower part of the two leaves of the hypocotyl of the green seedling of Schizandra chinensis of the corresponding year, removing the upper part of the stock, incising one incision in the middle of the hypocotyl, The length of the incision is equal to or slightly shorter than the receiving cut;
Preferably, cutting is performed when the hypocotyl roughness reaches 1.5 to 3 mm,
Grafting method of green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis. According to claim 1 or 4,
Characterized in that the scion is inserted into the incision, the cambium layers of the scion and stock are aligned, and then fixing is performed on the graft.
Grafting method of green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis. According to claim 5,
Characterized in that after the completion of the grafting further comprises lighting management, temperature management and humidity management after grafting,
Grafting method of green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis. According to claim 6,
The lighting management adopts a method of cultivating the seedling plate that supports the grafted seedlings after grafting, treating the seedling plate supporting the grafted seedlings for 3 to 4 days, and then appropriately supplementing the light (light supplementation). and restoring to normal lighting after 10 to 12 days from the day of light exposure;
Preferably, the appropriate light supplementation is characterized by shading by employing a shading net with a light transmittance of 50 to 70% at noon, and performing lighting supplementation in the morning and afternoon.
Grafting method of green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis. According to claim 6,
The temperature management during the grafted seedling wound healing period is 25 ~ 30˚C during the daytime cultivation temperature, and the evening culture temperature is 15 ~ 20˚C; Characterized by including gout hardening for seedlings after 20 days,
Grafting method of green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis. According to claim 6,
The humidity management is characterized by maintaining the environmental humidity at 95% or more for 10 days prior to grafting, ventilation 1 or 2 times every day in the morning or evening for 10 days after the grafting, and maintaining the air humidity at 90% or more,
Grafting method of green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis. According to claim 1,
Characterized in that, before the grafting, culturing the rootstock and performing seedling raising using a seedling plate 50 to 65 days before grafting,
Grafting method of green seedlings of Schisandra chinensis.

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