CN111602527B

CN111602527B - Orange ceramsite cuttage method

Info

Publication number: CN111602527B
Application number: CN202010670919.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨方云; 周常勇; 李中安
Original assignee: Southwest University
Current assignee: Southwest University
Priority date: 2020-07-13
Filing date: 2020-07-13
Publication date: 2022-06-03
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-13
Also published as: CN111602527A

Abstract

The invention discloses a citrus ceramsite cutting method, which adopts ceramsite and soil as a substrate for cutting citrus, wherein the ceramsite has low cost, high porosity and good air permeability; the interior is porous, can give certain moist little environment of cuttage oranges and tangerines treetor, and the soil of lower part also can provide nutrition for oranges and tangerines simultaneously. The application provides a new scheme for the cutting culture of citrus.

Description

Orange ceramsite cuttage method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a citrus ceramsite cutting method.

Background

Citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco) belongs to the Rutaceae family. Sexuality favors warm and humid climates. China is one of the important native areas of citrus, and has abundant resources, many excellent varieties and more than 4000 years of cultivation history. After long-term cultivation and selection, the oranges become precious fruits for human beings.

In the prior art, citrus seedlings are grown by grafting, cuttage, layering and other modes, wherein cuttage is to cut stems, leaves, roots, buds and the like of citrus (called cutting slips in horticulture), or insert citrus seedlings into soil or sand, or soak citrus seedlings in water, and the citrus seedlings can be planted after rooting, so that the citrus seedlings become independent new plants.

The conventional cutting technology usually selects river sand, perlite, vermiculite, soil and other matrixes, wherein the river sand and the soil are low in cost, but the porosity is low, and the cutting rooting is slow; the perlite has moderate cost but general cuttage rooting speed, and is easy to float and overflow after water spraying because of light weight, so that the management is inconvenient; the vermiculite has high rooting effect speed in the initial use and high porosity, but the porosity is seriously reduced after fragmentation in the later period to influence the rooting speed, and the cost is high.

Therefore, the prior art lacks a cutting matrix and a method which have low cost, high porosity and rapid rooting speed.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for cutting citrus ceramsite, which is used to solve the problem of slow growth of citrus cutting in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides a method for cutting citrus ceramsite, which comprises the steps of cutting citrus branches in a ceramsite matrix for culture, wherein the culture is performed under the following set environmental conditions: the temperature is 25-33 ℃, the relative humidity of air reaches 80-100 percent, and the illumination intensity is 2-200 mu mol/m²S. Obtaining citrus seedlings, and transplanting and planting the seedlings to obtain citrus cutting seedlings.

Further, a soil layer is arranged below the ceramsite layer in the matrix. Preferably, the soil layer can adopt nutrient soil, and the nutrient soil can be commonly used in the prior art for culturing plants and can be obtained commercially. The components can be common soil matched with other nutritional auxiliary materials, such as various organic fertilizers or chemical fertilizers, and the components can be prepared by the technical personnel according to the knowledge of the prior art. For example, the grass peat and river sand are prepared according to the volume ratio of 1: 1.

Further, the temperature can be 25-28 ℃, 28-32 ℃, 32-33 ℃; the relative humidity of air can be 80-85%, 85-90%, 90-95%, 95-100%; the illumination intensity is 2-50 mu mol/m²·s、50-100μmol/m²·s、100-150μmol/m²·s、150-200μmol/m²·s。

Further, the cultivation should be performed without exposure to intense light.

Further, the citrus is watered every 12-24 hours during the culturing. For example, spraying water onto the blades may be used. Generally, the water spraying amount is not easy to be too large, and the blades are kept wet.

Further, the method comprises watering the citrus fruit within 0.5 hours of cutting the citrus fruit in the medium.

Further, the citrus branches are pruned branches, and branch segments with 3-5 buds are reserved. Usually 1-2 leaves on the upper part are kept, the rest leaves on the lower part are removed, and the cut at the lower end of the branch section is inserted into the ceramic particle layer matrix.

Preferably, the air porosity of the soil layer should be between 10-30% and the pH value between 6-7.

Preferably, the thickness of the ceramsite of the upper layer is 3-10cm, and the thickness of the ceramsite of the lower layer is not less than 5 cm.

Preferably, the grain size of the ceramsite can be 1-2 cm.

Preferably, the method comprises covering mulching films above the branches after cuttage.

Furthermore, the selection of the cutting time in spring, summer and autumn is more suitable.

Further, the cultivation can be located indoors, for example, in a greenhouse, so that the environment can be conveniently adjusted, and meanwhile, a sunshade net can be arranged for sunshade and light intensity can be adjusted.

Another aspect of the invention provides a substrate for growing citrus seedlings, the substrate comprising a ceramsite layer and a soil layer, the ceramsite layer being above the soil layer.

Preferably, the soil layer should have an air porosity of 10-30% and a pH of 6-7.

Preferably, the grain size of the ceramsite can be 1-2 cm.

In another aspect of the invention there is provided the use of a substrate as described above for growing citrus seedlings.

Further, the environmental conditions at the time of the culture were set as follows: the temperature is 25-33 ℃, the relative humidity of air reaches 80-100 percent, and the illumination intensity is 2-200 mu mol/m²S; covering a mulching film on the branches after the citrus is cut.

Further, the temperature can be 25-28 ℃, 28-32 ℃, 32-33 ℃; the relative humidity of air can be 80-85%, 85-90%, 90-95%, 95-100%; the illumination intensity is 2-50 mu mol/m²·s、50-100μmol/m²·s、 100-150μmol/m²·s、150-200μmol/m²·s。

Further, the cultivation should be carried out without exposure to intense light.

Further, the citrus is watered every 12-24 hours during the culturing. For example, water spraying of the blades may be employed. Generally, the water spraying amount is not too large, and the blades are kept wet.

Further, the ceramsite and the soil jointly form a culture medium for culturing the citrus seedlings.

As described above, the citrus ceramsite cutting method provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention aims at two conditions of rooting in cuttage: air permeability and environmental humidity, and screening out the medium material for orange cuttage by using ceramsite. The ceramsite has low cost, high porosity and good air permeability; the interior is porous, can give certain moist little environment of cuttage oranges and tangerines branch and tip. Meanwhile, the soil at the lower part can also provide nutrition for the citrus.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Experimental Material

The cuttage material is a seedling sweet orange Citrus reticulata Blanco branch, and the substrate is respectively selected from ceramsite (with the grain diameter of about 1-2 cm), perlite (with the grain diameter of about 1-5 mm), vermiculite (with the grain diameter of about 1-10 mm), river sand (with the grain diameter of about 0.25-0.5 mm) and nutrient soil (prepared from sawdust and river sand according to the volume ratio of 1: 1).

Experimental methods

5 treatment groups are set in the experiment, sweet orange branches are respectively cut by 5 substrates of ceramsite, perlite, vermiculite, river sand and nutrient soil, and the callus formation and rooting conditions of the branches are observed and recorded. 50 shoots were inserted per treatment group.

The branch cuttage experiment method comprises the following steps: in 4 months of 2015, at the institute of Chongqing Beijiemmashi orange, orange branches are cut into branch segments containing 3-5 buds, the lower leaves are removed, and 1-2 leaves at the upper part are remained; then inserted into a matrix; spraying water to thoroughly wet the substrate and the citrus branch sections; culturing in a place without water at 25-33 deg.C under strong light irradiation and with certain light irradiation (light intensity of 2-200 μmol/m2 s), keeping the environment moist (relative humidity of 80-100%), spraying water to the leaves once or twice a day for moisturizing, and observing the rooting condition of the branch segment after the root grows out.

TABLE 1 Table of callus formation and rooting conditions of shoots at different times after cuttage

Results and analysis

And checking the formation condition and rooting condition of the callus of the branch starting 3 days after cuttage. As seen from Table 1, the number of shoots in the ceramsite after 3 days of cuttage formed callus was the largest, and then small amount of shoots in vermiculite, perlite and river sand formed callus, and no callus was formed in the shoots in the nutrient soil. A large amount of calluses are generally formed 10 days after cuttage, and the results show that all branches in the ceramsite form the calluses, all branches in the vermiculite and the perlite form the calluses basically, and almost half branches in the river sand and the nutrient soil form the calluses.

The rooting condition of the branches is investigated, about one fifth of the branches of the ceramsite component are rooted 10 days after cuttage, few branches of the vermiculite and the perlite are rooted, and the rooting condition of the branches is not found in river sand and nutrient soil. 15 days after cuttage, nearly four fifths of branches in the ceramsite group take roots, a small part of branches in vermiculite and perlite take roots, and a small part of branches in river sand and nutrient soil take roots. After 20 days of cuttage, most branches in the ceramsite, vermiculite and perlite root, and only a small half of the branches in the river sand and the nutrient soil root 30 days after cuttage.

In the later stage, the rooted branches are transplanted for the second time, and the necrotic and rotten root condition of about 20 percent of root systems is found, because the newly germinated new roots are very young and tender and are easy to be infected by scratching if the newly germinated new roots are careless, the branches are not suitable to be transplanted immediately after rooting, and the transplanting is carried out after the root systems grow in a large amount and age.

The results show that the haydite cutting branches are most beneficial to forming callus and rooting, and then vermiculite and perlite are added, the effects of river sand and nutrient soil are not ideal, and the branches are not suitable for being transplanted immediately after rooting.

Example 2

Experimental Material

The cuttage material is a seedling sweet orange Citrus reticulata Blanco branch, the upper layer of the substrate is ceramsite (the grain diameter is about 1-2 cm), and the lower layer is nutrient soil (peat and river sand are prepared according to the volume ratio of 1: 1).

Experimental methods

According to the results of example 1, the ceramsite with the best rooting effect is selected as the rooting substrate, in order to be beneficial to the excellent growth of the root system after rooting, the nutrient soil is selected as the substrate for further growth and development of the new root system of the sweet orange branch, and the nutrient soil with the thickness of 5cm is placed on the lower layer in the container, and the ceramsite with the thickness of 10cm is placed on the upper layer. 30 branches are cut in the treatment.

In year 2019, in Bei Qijima orange research institute, orange branches are cut into branch segments containing 3-5 buds, the lower leaves are removed, and 1-2 leaves are left in the upper part; then inserting into the ceramsite layer; spraying water to thoroughly wet the substrate and the citrus branch sections; then, covering a film on the branches to better keep the branches in a high-humidity small environment; placing at 25-33 deg.C, and under certain illumination (illumination intensity of 2-200 μmol/m) without strong light²S) and culturing on a field without accumulating water until the environment is kept moist (relative humidity is 80-100%) during the beginning of rooting, spraying water to the leaves once or twice a day for moisturizing, and observing the rooting condition of the branch segments after roots grow out. And after 30 days of cuttage, watering once in 10 days.

Results and analysis

After 25 days of cutting, most (more than 95%) branches are observed to have rooted, and root systems enter a soil layer to grow. After 30 days, 40 days and 60 days of cuttage, the rooted seedlings are observed, and after the irrigation mode is changed into a conventional seedling watering mode, the rooted seedlings in cuttage grow normally, the condition that leaves drop due to water shortage does not occur, and the condition that 1 case of root system of the cuttage seedlings is rotten in a soil layer does not occur, so that the root system of the cuttage seedlings grows well in the soil layer, and root system rotting caused by secondary transplanting in example 1 is avoided.

Conclusion and discussion

According to the 2 embodiments, under the condition of proper temperature, the leaves of the cuttage branches are kept in a humid environment, and compared with other matrixes, the ceramsite cuttage sweet orange branches are easier to root. Analysis shows that compared with other matrixes, the ceramsite has higher air porosity, and well ensures the respiration of the cuttage branches, so that the cuttage branches are more favorable for rooting. In actual operation, attention needs to be paid to avoid thermal radiation damage caused by strong sunlight irradiating branches of cuttage leaves; the branches are not taken out frequently to check the rooting condition, otherwise, the rooting failure or root system necrosis is easily caused; furthermore, a single ceramsite substrate is changed into an upper-layer combined substrate and a lower-layer combined substrate, namely the upper layer is ceramsite and the lower layer is nutrient soil, the double-layer substrate can promote the root system of the cutting seedling to grow and directly enter the conventional management, and the root rot condition caused by the damage of secondary transplanting to the root system is avoided; in addition, the cuttage branches can be covered with a film to ensure that the cuttage branches are in a high-humidity air environment, so that the cuttage branches are easy to root successfully. Therefore, after the cuttage branches take roots and sprout, the extra-root topdressing with 0.1% urea sprayed on the leaf surfaces can be adopted to promote the growth of the branch tips to be stronger, and the transplanting effect of the cuttage seedlings at the later stage can be better.

The invention screens and utilizes ceramsite as a substrate material for citrus cuttage aiming at two conditions of rooting in cuttage, namely good air permeability and moist environmental condition. The ceramsite has low cost, high porosity and good air permeability; the interior is porous, can give certain moist little environment of cuttage oranges and tangerines branch and tip.

The above examples are intended to illustrate the disclosed embodiments of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, various modifications of the methods and compositions set forth herein, as well as variations of the methods and compositions of the present invention, will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. While the invention has been specifically described in connection with various specific preferred embodiments thereof, it should be understood that the invention should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the above-described embodiments which are obvious to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ceramsite cuttage method for citrus is characterized by comprising the steps of cuttage and culture of citrus branches in a ceramsite-containing matrix, wherein the citrus branches are pruned branches, branch sections with 3-5 buds are reserved, and the citrus branches are watered within 0.5h after cuttage in the matrix; the medium comprises a ceramsite layer and a soil layer, wherein the soil layer is arranged below the ceramsite layer in the medium, the thickness of the ceramsite layer is 3-10cm, the particle size of the ceramsite is 1-2cm, and the thickness of the lower soil layer is not less than 5 cm; setting environmental conditions during the culture: the temperature is 25-33 ℃, the relative humidity of air reaches 80-100 percent, and the illumination intensity is 2-200 mu mol/m²S, watering the citrus fruit every 12-24 hours during cultivation.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises any one or both of the following technical features:

a. strong light irradiation should be avoided during the culture;

b. the method comprises the step of covering a mulching film on the top of the branches after citrus is cut.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the soil layer has an air porosity of 10-30%; the pH value is 6-7.