JPWO2019225606A1 - Seed germination method, plant cultivation method, seed and seed production method, and rice - Google Patents

Abstract

It is an object of the present invention to provide a seed germination method, a plant cultivation method and a seed capable of improving the growth. The seed germination method according to one aspect of the present invention includes a step of bringing the seed into contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less. Further, a plant cultivation method in which a plant is cultivated using seeds germinated by the seed germination method of the present invention. The seed germination method and the plant cultivation method of the present invention are effective when the seeds are grass seeds, and more effective when the seeds are paddy rice seeds.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for germination of seeds, a method for cultivating plants, a method for producing seeds and seeds, and rice.

In the cultivation of various plants such as rice, various measures have been taken to improve quality and yield. For example, in general, there are many soft water areas in rice fields, and it is said that soft water is effective for growing rice. However, it is difficult to continue to supply soft water in paddy rice cultivation except in soft water areas. Rice cultivation involves each stage of rice preparation, seedling raising, soil preparation, rice planting, rice cultivation, and harvesting, and various measures are taken at each stage to produce more delicious, strong, and high-yielding rice. ing.

The yield of paddy rice consists of four yield components: "number of ears", "number of ears", "ripening rate", and "thousand-kernel weight". "Yield" = "number of ears" x "number of ears" x "climbing" There is a relationship of "maturity rate" x "thousand grain weight". In the calculation formula, if any of the four yield components is improved, the yield will increase. However, in reality, each yield component is related to each other, such as increasing the "number of one ear of paddy" reduces the "ripening rate" and "thousand grain weight". Moreover, even if any of the yield components increases, the yield may decrease if the rice itself falls down.

For example, a method of suppressing the lodging of rice has been proposed by cultivating paddy rice using a diluted solution of seawater and using water in which the magnesium ion concentration and the chloride ion concentration are controlled within a specific range (patented). Document 1). However, the period of paddy rice cultivation is long, and it is costly and labor-intensive to keep controlling the water quality during cultivation for a long period of time.

In the preparatory period of seed paddy before raising seedlings, high-quality seed paddy is selected by salt water selection, pathogens attached to the seed paddy are removed by disinfection, and then the seed paddy is made to absorb the water necessary for germination by soaking, and the germination state is adjusted by germination. Germinate while sprouting. For infiltration, it is recommended to use clean water such as tap water or well water instead of river water or pond water (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). However, the effect of improving the growth, quality and yield is insufficient only by using tap water or well water for soaking.

Japanese Patent Publication "Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-192599"

"Delicious Rice Making Information No. 1", [online], published on March 24, 2011, Minami Uonuma City NOSAI Uonuma JA Uonuma Minami, [Search on May 1, 2017], Internet <URL = http: // ja-uonuma.sakura.ne.jp/shidou/kome23_04.pdf ＞ "Survey and research seedling raising period 2 that supports safe and abundant food and agriculture in the field of agriculture and forestry", [online], Osaka Prefectural Institute for Environmental Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, [Search on May 1, 2017], Internet < URL: http://www.kannousuiken-osaka.or.jp/nourin/gijutsu/techinfo/tebiki/basic/02.html ＞

An object of the present invention is to provide a seed germination method, a plant cultivation method, and a seed capable of improving the growth of a plant during cultivation.

The present invention has the following configurations.
[1] A method for germination of seeds, which comprises a step of bringing the seeds into contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less.
[2] A method for cultivating a plant, wherein the plant is cultivated using the seed germinated by the seed germination method according to [1].
[3] The method for cultivating a plant according to [2], wherein the germinated seeds are raised using water having an electrical conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm.
[4] The method for cultivating a plant according to [3], wherein the seed is a grass seed.
[5] The method for cultivating a plant according to [4], wherein the seed is a seed paddy of paddy rice.
[6] Seeds that have been brought into contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less.
[7] Seeds according to [6] that are germinated.
[8] The seed according to [6] or [7], which is a seed of the Gramineae family.
[9] The seed according to any one of [6] to [8], which is a seed paddy of paddy rice.
[10] The seed according to any one of [6] to [8], which is a wheat seed. The barley is barley such as two-row barley, six-row barley, and hadaka barley, wheat, wheat, and rye.
[11] A method for producing seeds, which comprises a step of bringing seeds into contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less.
[12] The method for cultivating a plant according to [2], wherein the plant is a seedling for planting.
[13] The method for cultivating a plant according to [12], wherein the seedlings for planting are planted.
[14] A method for harvesting a plant for harvesting a plant cultivated by the method for cultivating a plant according to [2].
[15] A method for harvesting a plant in which seedlings for planting planted by the method for cultivating a plant according to [13] are grown and the grown plant is harvested.
[16] A method for cultivating a plant in which the seed according to [6] or [7] is sown and the plant is cultivated.
[17] A method for harvesting a plant in which the seed according to [6] or [7] is sown and the cultivated plant is harvested.
[18] Rice having an average grain size of 5.3 mm or more and an average heart whiteness of 88% or more.
[19] A method for producing a grafted seedling, wherein a grafted seedling is produced using a plant cultivated by the plant cultivation method described in [2] as a rootstock.

According to the seed germination method, the plant cultivation method and the seed of the present invention, the growth of the plant during cultivation can be improved.

It is a graph which showed the average tiller number of seedlings in an Example and a comparative example. It is a graph which showed the average length of the coleoptile of the seed paddy in an Example and a comparative example. It is a graph which showed the average length of the coleoptile of the seed paddy in an Example and a comparative example. It is a figure which shows the result of observing the root of a seedling in an Example and a comparative example. It is a graph which showed the root length of a seedling in an Example and a comparative example.

[Embodiment 1]
[Seed germination method]
The seeds used in the seed sprouting method of the present invention are not particularly limited, and are, for example, rice family, eggplant family, sardine family, kiku family, abrana family, seri family, rose family, blue-green family, legume family, red-spotted family, lily. Seeds of plants such as family, Satoimo family, Hirugao family, Ginger family, Shiso family, Hiyu family, Palm family, Nadeshiko family, Lindou family, Ayame family, Murasaki family, Orchid family, Turifunesou family and the like can be mentioned. The seed germination method of the present invention is effective for germination of rice seeds and wheat in the Gramineae family. Examples of barley include barley such as Nijo barley, Rojo barley, and Hadaka barley, wheat, wheat, and rye.

The seeds used in the seed sprouting method of the present invention include Nathae, Uri, Kiku, Abrana, Seri, Rose, Aoi, Mame, Akaza, Yuri, Hirugao, Ginkgo, Seeds of Shiso, Hiyu, Palm, Nadeshiko, Lindou, Ayame, Murasaki, Orchid, and Turifunesou are also included. These plants are suitable for cultivation in a plant factory. The present invention may be applied to cultivation in a plant factory. When the present invention is applied to cultivation in a plant factory, it is effective for germination of Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae, Umbelliferae, Labiatae, Asteraceae, etc., which have a short cultivation period. Plants of these varieties include, for example, spinach, lettuce, Japanese mustard spinach, salad mizuna, mizuna, arugula, coriander, beet, shungiku, Chinese cabbage, bok choy and the like. Further, from the viewpoint of enjoying the root growth effect of the present invention, it is preferably applied to root vegetables.

The seeds used in the present invention are preferably leafy vegetables, fruit vegetables, flowers and the like. In particular, leafy vegetables having a short cultivation period are preferable because they can easily enjoy the effects of the present invention. Examples of leafy vegetables include spinach, lettuce, Japanese mustard spinach, salad na, arugula, arugula, coriander, beet, shungiku, Chinese cabbage, and bok choy.

In the seed germination method of the present invention, the seeds are brought into contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less to germinate. By setting the electrical conductivity of the water that comes into contact with the seeds during germination to 50 μS / cm or less, the growth of the plant after germination becomes better. It also promotes germination. For example, the seedlings can be grown large by increasing the plant height and stem diameter of the seedlings after germination. Moreover, since the root amount and root length of the seedling can be increased, it is possible to produce a seedling with a firm root. In addition, since germination can be performed earlier, the seedling raising period can be shortened. As described above, according to the present invention, the growth of plants can be improved and the productivity of plant cultivation can be improved.

By contacting the seed with water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less, the seed can absorb water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less, and the seed can contain water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less. The contact method having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less is not particularly limited, and the seeds are immersed in water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less, the seeds are sprinkled with water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less, and the seeds are treated. Examples thereof include a method of contacting with a water-containing medium containing water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less.

The electrical conductivity of the water in contact with the seeds may be 50 μS / cm or less, more preferably 20 μS / cm or less, further preferably 15 μS / cm or less, and particularly preferably 10 μS / cm or less. It is preferably 1 μS / cm or less, and most preferably 1 μS / cm or less. Further, as a method for measuring the electric conductivity of water, an electrode method and an electromagnetic induction method can be mentioned.

The water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less is not particularly limited, and for example, filtered water using a filtration membrane such as a reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane), an electrodialysis membrane, an NF membrane (nanofiltration membrane), or a zeolite membrane. , Ion exchange resin treated water, distilled water, treated water by a combination of these, and the like. Of these, filtered water using an RO membrane and ion-exchange resin-treated water are preferable.

The raw water used for producing water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include groundwater such as tap water and well water, spring water, river water, and surface water such as agricultural water. These raw waters may be used as they are by subjecting them to a water purifier or the like to have an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less.

In the seed germination method of the present invention, it is preferable that the seeds are brought into contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less and then the seeds are brought into contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less until germination. It is more preferable to soak the seeds in water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less until germination. Thereby, the effect of the present invention can be obtained more effectively.

The seed germination process is generally (1) 1st stage (A phase: water absorption stage), (2) 2nd stage (B phase: germination preparation stage), and (3) 3rd stage (3) from the viewpoint of water absorption. It can be divided into C phase (growth period). (1) The first stage (water absorption period) is a period in which seeds mainly physically absorb water. (2) The second phase (Phase B: preparatory stage for germination) is the preparatory stage for germination in which the increase in water absorption is stagnant, but the substantial metabolism of substances for germination proceeds. The second phase can be further divided into two phases, the first half (B1 phase) and the second half (B2 phase). The first half (Phase B1) is the time when the metabolic system that regulates embryo growth is involved. The latter half (B2 phase) is the time when carbohydrate metabolism is exclusively performed, and germination occurs when the phase is completed. (3) The third stage (Phase C: growing period) is a period in which shoots and roots grow actively after germination. (Reference: "Illustration: Rice cultivation and cold damage in Tohoku", [online], National Research and Development Corporation, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, [Search on May 21, 1991], Internet <URL: http: / /www.reigai.affrc.go.jp/zusetu/saiga.html>)

In the present specification, the "step of contacting seeds with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less" (contact step in the present specification) means that the first stage (phase A: water absorption stage) of the germination process has started. This is a step of bringing water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less into contact with the seeds by the time immediately before the completion of the second stage (Phase B: preparatory stage for germination) of the germination process (immediately before germination occurs). Even if water having an electrical conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm is present in the seeds before reaching the second stage (Phase B: preparation for germination), the second stage (Phase B: preparation for germination) is thereafter. If the seeds are brought into contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less before reaching the period), the effect of the present invention can be obtained. Alternatively, even if the seeds are dried after contacting the seeds with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less before reaching the second stage (Phase B: preparation for germination), the seeds are then dried in the second stage (Phase B: phase B:). If the seeds are brought into contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less before reaching the germination preparation period), the effect of the present invention can be obtained. In addition, after contact, the water in contact may exceed 50 μS / cm in electrical conductivity due to elution of substances adhering to the seed surface, but if the water used at the start of contact has an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less. Well, after contact, the effect of the present invention is exhibited even if the electrical conductivity exceeds 50 μS / cm. After contacting water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less, water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm may be brought into contact.

In the above contact step, preferably, water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less is brought into contact with the seeds from the start of the first phase (A phase: water absorption phase) of the germination process to the end of the B1 phase. The process of making it. More preferably, the seeds are brought into contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less from the start of the first stage (Phase A: water absorption stage) of the germination process to the end of the first stage (Phase A: water absorption stage). The process of making it. More preferably, it refers to a step of contacting seeds with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less from the beginning of the first stage (water absorption period).

Seeds are usually disinfected prior to the germination process to reduce the risk of disease development by pathogens. Also in the present invention, a seed disinfection step may be performed before the germination step. The method for disinfecting seeds is not particularly limited, and known methods such as a method of immersing in a chemical solution, a method of powdering or spraying a chemical, a hot water disinfection method, a cold water hot water immersion method, a bath water immersion method, and a dry heat method can be used. Can be adopted. As the agent, a known agent for disinfecting seeds can be used depending on the plant species. By disinfecting seeds, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of seed-borne diseases and the like. On the other hand, if it can be judged that the risk of disease onset by pathogens is low, such as the risk of diseased seeds in the previous year is low, it is better not to disinfect the seeds. Labor saving can be achieved by not disinfecting seeds, and disposal after disinfection becomes a problem, especially when chemicals / chemicals are used, but this problem can also be solved. As a method of seed disinfection, water is used in hot water disinfection method, cold water hot water immersion method, bath water immersion method, and chemical solution immersion, but water and chemicals used in hot water disinfection method, cold water hot water immersion method, bath water immersion method. It is better to use water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less as the diluted water. When seeds are soaked in disinfectant water or hot water such as the use of disinfectant water, hot water disinfection, cold water hot water soaking method, bath water soaking method, etc., the disinfection step may be continuously shifted to the germination step soaking.

Hereinafter, an example of the seed germination method of the present invention will be described by germinating the seed paddy of paddy rice. When the seed paddy is germinated, it is preferable to perform the seeding using water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less because it is easy to germinate the seed paddy with water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less sufficiently contained in the seed paddy. The seeds may be brought into contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less by sowing the seed paddy on the bed soil and sprinkling water on the bed soil with an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less. Further, a medium other than soil such as wood pulp type, rock wool type, and rice husk type may be impregnated with water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less, and the water-containing medium may be brought into contact with the seed paddy.

The method of germination of seed paddy in this example has the following steps (a) to (d).
(A) Seed paddy is selected by salt water selection.
(B) Disinfect the selected seed paddy.
(C) The seed paddy after disinfection is soaked with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less.
(D) The seed paddy that has been soaked is germinated to germinate.

(Step (a))
By salt water selection, seed paddy with rich contents is selected by using the specific gravity. Specifically, the seed paddy is put into salt water, the seed paddy floating in the salt water is discarded, and the seed paddy submerged in the salt water is collected. In the salt water selection, it is preferable to stir the salt water containing the seed paddy from the viewpoint that it is easy to remove the air bubbles embraced by the seed paddy. The seed paddy collected by salt water selection is preferably washed well with water.

(Step (b))
Seed disinfection of seeds selected by salt water selection. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of seed-borne diseases. The method for disinfecting the seed paddy is not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted. After disinfection, the seed paddy is preferably air-dried. This enhances the disinfecting effect of the seed paddy.

(Step (c))
The seed paddy after disinfection is immersed in water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less to perform seeding. For the soaking, a known embodiment can be adopted except that water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less is used.

The soaking is preferably carried out so as to satisfy the condition of T × D ≧ 100 when the temperature of water is T (° C.) and the integrated time of soaking is D (days). As a result, the seed paddy can be germinated more stably.

The temperature T of the water during soaking is preferably 10 to 15 ° C. When the temperature T of the water during soaking is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the above range, the seed paddy can be germinated more stably. When the temperature T of the water during soaking is not more than the upper limit of the above range, it is easy to suppress the occurrence of bacterial diseases and the death of seed paddy.

When water is replaced in seeding, the electrical conductivity of the water before and after the replacement may be the same or different as long as it is 50 μS / cm or less.

(Step (d))
After soaking, the seed paddy is germinated while keeping the germination state uniform by germination. A known method can be used for germination. From the viewpoint of promoting germination all at once, for example, it is preferable to germinate at a temperature of 20 ° C. to 35 ° C., preferably 30 ° C. for 1 to 2 days. The germination state of the seed paddy is preferably in the shape of a pigeon.

For germination, water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less may be used, or water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm may be used. That is, after contacting the seed with water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less, the contacted water may exceed the electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm due to elution of adhering substances on the seed surface, but the water is used as it is. It may be used for germination.

From the viewpoint of excellent workability, it is preferable to perform germination using water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less used for seeding as it is.

The temperature of water in germination is preferably 28 to 34 ° C, more preferably 30 to 32 ° C. When the temperature of water in germination is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the above range, the germination efficiency of seed paddy is high. When the temperature of water in germination is not more than the upper limit of the above range, it is easy to suppress the occurrence of bacterial diseases and the death of seed paddy.

As described above, in the seed germination method of the present invention, the seeds are brought into contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less to germinate. This improves the growth of the plant after germination.

For example, when paddy rice is cultivated by germinating seed paddy according to the present invention, the paddy per grain increases and the number of paddy per ear increases. In addition, since the culm diameter of the rice ears is increased, the lodging of the rice ears is suppressed even if the size and the number of rice ears are improved. From these things, the yield of paddy is improved.

In addition, germination of seeds is promoted by bringing the seeds into contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less to germinate.

[Plant cultivation method]
The method for cultivating a plant of the present invention is a method for cultivating a plant using seeds germinated by the method for germinating seeds of the present invention. As a method for cultivating a plant of the present invention, a known cultivation method can be adopted depending on the type of plant, except that seeds germinated by the method for germinating seeds of the present invention are used. The plant cultivation method of the present invention can be applied not only to paddy rice cultivation in fields such as paddy fields, fields and orchards, cultivation of vegetables and fruits, but also to hydroponic cultivation in facilities such as factories. .. The cultivation method of the present invention is effective for cultivation using grass seeds germinated by the germination method of the present invention, particularly paddy rice seeds and wheat.

For example, the following method can be mentioned as an example in the case of rice cultivation. After the bed soil is placed in the nursery box and irrigated, the seeds germinated by the germination method of the present invention are uniformly sown, and the seeds are covered so that the seeds sown are sufficiently hidden. Raise seedlings until they grow sufficiently, and then plant the grown seedlings in paddy fields to cultivate rice. It is preferable to raise the seedlings until they grow sufficiently until they can be planted (rice planted). After that, it is preferable to plant the raised seedlings in a rice field (field) and cultivate them.

For example, as water used for cultivation of plants after germination such as raising seedlings after germination, water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less may be used, or water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm may be used. .. For example, the germinated seeds may be raised using water having an electrical conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm. From the viewpoint that water used for cultivation is easily available, it is preferable to use water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm. Further, as the water used at this time, the above-mentioned raw water may be used as it is, or a nutrient solution containing nutrients for improving the growth after seedlings may be used.

According to the plant cultivation method of the present invention described above, since the seeds germinated by the seed germination method of the present invention are used, the growth of the plant after germination is improved. In addition, the electrical conductivity of water used for germination of seeds is controlled to 50 μS / cm or less, and the electrical conductivity of water thereafter may be larger than 50 μS / cm, so that the work load is small and the cost is increased. But it is advantageous. Therefore, when sprouting, use water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less to improve the growth, and then use water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm for the subsequent raising of seedlings and the subsequent process after raising seedlings. Therefore, the plant can be suitably cultivated with high work efficiency and a favorable cost.

Other examples of the seed germination method include brown rice from which rice husks have been removed, and a method in which the surface layer of brown rice is further removed, contacted with water, and then germinated to germinate. By contacting the seeds with water after removing the rice husks or the surface layer of brown rice, the seeds are easily brought into contact with water, so that germination is promoted.

To remove the surface layer of brown rice, in addition to removing the entire surface layer, process a part of the surface layer such as making a hole in a part of the surface layer, damaging a part, or scraping a part. It shall also include giving.

When removing the rice husks of the seed paddy, either the outer ray portion or the inner ray portion may be removed, or both the outer ray portion and the inner ray portion may be removed. The water to be brought into contact with the seed rice from which the rice husks have been removed is preferably water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less. Water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm may be brought into contact with the seed rice from which the rice husks have been removed.

When removing the surface layer portion of brown rice, only the outer pericarp portion may be removed, or both the pericarp portion and the seed coat portion inside the pericarp portion may be removed.

The water to be brought into contact with the brown rice from which the surface layer portion has been removed is preferably water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less. Water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm may be brought into contact with brown rice from which the surface layer portion has been removed.

The method of using the seed rice with the rice husks removed is that the seed rice with the rice husks removed is used, and the water to be contacted may be water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less or water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm. , The same embodiment as the germination method of the present invention described above can be used.

The method of using brown rice from which the surface layer has been removed is to use brown rice from which the surface layer has been removed, and the water to be contacted may be water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less or water having an electrical conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm. Other than the above, the same embodiment as the germination method of the present invention can be used.

Although brown rice from which rice husks have been removed from seed rice husks has been taken as an example, grains other than rice, for example, barley exodermis and wheat epidermis-removed seeds may be used.

Another example of the seed germination method includes a method in which seeds and water are soaked under pressure and germinated to germinate. By applying pressure to the whole during soaking, the degree of contact of water with the seeds is increased, and water easily penetrates into the seeds, so that germination is promoted.

The pressure applied during soaking can be set as appropriate. The water to be brought into contact with the seeds while applying pressure is preferably water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less. In addition, water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm may be brought into contact with the seeds.

The method of soaking while applying pressure is that pressure is applied at the time of seeding, and the water to be contacted may be water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less or water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm. The same embodiment as the germination method of the present invention described above can be used.

Further, when the brown rice from which the rice husks and the surface layer have been removed is soaked, the seeds and water may be soaked while applying pressure.

As described above, the present invention includes a method of growing and harvesting a plant through cultivation including a germination step including a step of bringing seeds into contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less. According to the present invention, the growth of plants can be improved, and the productivity of plants such as leaves and fruit-bearing plants can be improved.

[Seed manufacturing method]
A method for producing seeds, which comprises a step of bringing seeds into contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less, is also within the scope of the present invention. The step of bringing the seed into contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less is based on the description of the seed germination method according to the present invention, and the description is not repeated. The seeds obtained by the production method of the present invention are water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm, for example, water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm at the time of germination even if the seeds are grown using the above-mentioned raw water as they are. It grows better than using seeds germinated in. That is, according to the production method of the present invention, seeds suitable for growth can be obtained.

[Embodiment 2]
Other embodiments of the present invention will be described below. In this embodiment, the points different from those in the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the description of the contents described in the first embodiment will not be repeated.

[Seed germination method]
In the present embodiment, the seeds to be sown directly on the cultivated land are brought into contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less before being sown directly. Then, the seeds are sown directly and germinated in the cultivated land. Seeds that have been brought into contact with water with an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less and have not been germinated may be directly sown, or germinated seeds may be directly sown. Since the seeds are in contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less, the seeds grow well. Therefore, according to this embodiment, good growth can be realized when seeds directly sown in cultivated land are used.

Seeds may be disinfected prior to contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less. As a method for disinfecting seeds, for example, a known method such as a method of immersing in a chemical solution, a method of powdering or spraying a chemical, a hot water disinfection method, a cold water hot water immersion method, a bath water immersion method, a dry heat method, etc. shall be adopted. Can be done.

[Plant cultivation method]
In the present embodiment, it is preferable that the seeds are directly sown (directly sown) in a cultivated land such as a field (alley cultivated land). Examples of plants include wheat and vegetables.

[Plant harvesting method]
The method for harvesting a plant according to the present embodiment is a method for harvesting a plant cultivated using seeds germinated by the seed germination method of the present invention. The method for harvesting the plant is not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted.

[Embodiment 3]
Other embodiments of the present invention will be described below. The description of the contents described in each of the above-described embodiments will not be repeated.

[Plant cultivation method]
The method for cultivating a plant according to the present embodiment is a method for cultivating seedlings for planting using seeds germinated by the seed germination method of the present invention. Since the seeds are in contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less, the seedlings for planting grow well. The seeds are preferably sown in a nursery such as a seedling pod to raise seedlings.

In the plant cultivation method according to the present embodiment, it is preferable to plant seedlings for planting. The seedlings for planting are preferably transplanted to a medium and cultivated. Examples of the medium include cultivated land such as fields, cultivation media such as plant factories, and the like. Examples of plants include vegetables and the like.

[Plant harvesting method]
The method of harvesting a plant according to the present embodiment is a method of growing planted seedlings for planting and harvesting the grown plant. The method for harvesting the plant is not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted.

[produce]
Crops obtained by each method of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. For example, in the form in which the seeds are paddy rice seeds, the obtained rice is also within the scope of the present invention. According to each method of the present invention, in the form in which the seeds are paddy rice seeds, for example, rice having an average grain size of 5.3 mm or more and an average heart whiteness ratio of 88% or more can be preferably obtained.

[Grafted seedlings]
The present invention includes a method for producing a grafted seedling, in which a grafted seedling is produced using a plant cultivated by each of the above-mentioned methods as a rootstock, and a grafted seedling produced by the method for producing the grafted seedling. The method for producing grafted seedlings can be suitably used for fruits and vegetables that utilize grafted seedlings. Examples of fruit vegetables include melons such as melons, watermelons and cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants and green peppers. For example, by connecting a rootstock of a variety that is resistant to pests and a scion of a variety that produces many delicious fruits, it is possible to produce grafted seedlings that are resistant to pests and produce many delicious fruits. Since the plants cultivated by each of the above-mentioned methods have a large amount of roots, stronger grafted seedlings can be produced by using the plant as a rootstock.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following description.

[Measurement method of electrical conductivity]
The electrical conductivity of water was measured with an electrode-type tabletop water quality meter (manufactured by DKK-TOA CORPORATION).

[Example 1]
As the seed paddy, Koshihikari rice seed paddy was used. The seed paddy was disinfected with seeds, air-dried, and soaked with water having an electrical conductivity of 2 μS / cm or less (25 ° C.). In soaking, 28 kg of paddy was soaked in 48 L of water. The water temperature in the soaking was kept at 10 ° C. to 15 ° C., and the electric conductivity of 2 μS / cm or less was used even when the water was replaced. The soaking period was 10 days. After soaking, the water temperature was raised to 30 ° C. to germinate and germinate. The germinated rice seeds were sown on the floor soil in the nursery box, covered with soil to raise seedlings, and fully grown seedlings were planted and cultivated in outdoor paddy fields, and mature rice was harvested. At the time of cultivation, water having an electric conductivity of 77 μS / cm drawn from agricultural water was used.

Table 1 shows the average culm length, average culm diameter, average number of paddy per ear, and average paddy length of the harvested rice ears. The average culm length, average culm diameter, and average number of paddy per ear were averaged from the values measured for 10 randomly selected rice ears. In addition, the average value of the longest diameters of 10 randomly selected paddy grains was defined as the average length of the paddy. Table 1 also shows the average culm length, average culm diameter, and average number of paddy per ear in general Koshihikari rice, and the average length of paddy.

Further, the state in which the ear of rice was upright was set to 0, the state in which the ear was completely collapsed was set to 4, and the degree of lodging of the ear was evaluated by evenly dividing the inclination angle.

As shown in Table 1, in Example 1 in which seed paddy was germinated using water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less, the growth was better, the harvested paddy was larger, and the average was higher than that of general Koshihikari rice. The number of paddy was large and the yield was improved. In addition, although the average culm length of the rice ears was long and the number of paddy was large, the average culm diameter of the rice ears was large, and the degree of lodging of 3 or more was hardly observed.

[Example 2]
Koshihikari rice seeds were used as seeds, and the seeds were not disinfected before soaking, but were soaked with water having an electrical conductivity of 2 μS / cm or less. In soaking, 28 kg of paddy was soaked in 48 L of water. The water temperature in the soaking was maintained at 10 ° C. to 15 ° C., and water having an electrical conductivity of 2 μS / cm or less was used when replacing the water. The soaking period was 10 days. After soaking, the water temperature was raised to 30 ° C. to germinate and germinate. The germinated seed paddy was sown on the floor soil in the nursery box, covered with soil, and raised. Ten fully grown seedlings before rice planting were randomly collected, and the plant height and stem diameter (longest diameter, shortest diameter) were measured to obtain the average value. The results are shown in Table 2.

[Comparative Example 1]
Under the same conditions as in Example 2 except that well water (electrical conductivity 184 μS / cm) was used for soaking and germination, soaking, germination and raising seedlings were carried out, and 10 seedlings before rice planting were randomly collected, and the plant height and stems were collected. The diameter (longest diameter, shortest diameter) was measured and the average value was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

As shown in Table 2, the seedlings of Example 2 germinated with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less are the seedlings of Comparative Example 1 germinated with well water having an electrical conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm. The plant height was higher, the stem diameter was larger, and the growth was better.

[Example 3]
As a test soil, a soil containing Akadama soil / humus soil at a ratio of 2/1 (volume ratio) was prepared. The test hilling was placed in a plastic bucket, and tap water (electrical conductivity 71 μS / cm) was added so that water could collect on the surface of the hilling to prepare a simple paddy field for testing. One seedling raised in Example 2 was planted in the simple paddy field and cultivated, and 20 days later, the lodging angle of the seedling was measured under the condition of a wind speed of 13 m / sec. The lodging angle of the seedlings was 15 degrees.

[Comparative Example 2]
20 days after planting the seedlings, the seedlings fell under the condition of a wind speed of 13 m / sec, except that the seedlings raised in Comparative Example 1 were used instead of the seedlings raised in Example 2. The angle was measured. The lodging angle of the seedlings was 33 degrees.

Comparing Example 3 and Comparative Example 2, the seedlings of Example 3 germinated with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less were germinated with well water having an electrical conductivity of more than 50 in Comparative Example 2. The lodging angle was smaller than that of the seedlings, and the seedlings grew better.

[Example 4]
Three seedlings raised in Example 2 were planted and cultivated in paddy fields as one strain. At the time of cultivation, water having an electric conductivity of 184 μS / cm drawn from agricultural water was used. Thirty-six days after rice planting, the number of tillers of each seedling in each of the 10 strains planted consecutively was measured, and the average value was calculated. The results are shown in FIG. The seedling branch is a side branch generated from the joint of the stem near the root.

[Comparative Example 3]
The average number of tillers of the seedlings 36 days after planting the seedlings in the paddy field was the same as in Example 4 except that the seedlings raised in Comparative Example 1 were used instead of the seedlings raised in Example 2. The value was calculated. The results are shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, the seedlings of Example 4 germinated with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less are the seedlings of Comparative Example 3 germinated with well water having an electrical conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm. The average number of tillers was higher and the seedlings grew better.

[Example 5]
The inside of a cylindrical container having a diameter of 40 mm and a height of 80 mm was filled with water having an electrical conductivity of 2 μS / cm or less, seeds of Japanese fine rice were put in the container, and the container was allowed to stand in a dark place at a water temperature of 28 ° C. for 5 days. The length of the coleoptile of the germinated seed paddy after standing was measured. FIG. 2 shows the average length of the coleoptiles of 10 seed paddies after being allowed to stand under the same conditions.

[Comparative Example 4]
The average length of the coleoptiles of the seed paddy after standing was determined in the same manner as in Example 5 except that water having an electric conductivity of 595 μS / cm was used. The results are shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2, the coleoptiles of the seed paddy of Example 5 germinated with water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less were germinated with water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm. It was longer and grew better than the coleoptiles of the seed paddy.

[Examples 6 to 9, Comparative Examples 5 and 6]
As the seed paddy, 2017 Japan Sunny was used. 10 seeds and 100 mL of each sample water of Examples 6 to 9 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6 were put in a glass bottle and prepared so as to be 4 bottles for each measurement day. For shading, each sample water was arranged in a plastic case for one measurement day in a random state, and stored in a constant temperature bath at 15 ° C. Seed paddy was removed from each sample water on the 13th, and the length of the coleoptile was measured. The results are shown in FIG. When stored in the constant temperature bath, the position of the plastic case was changed every 3 to 4 days. Table 3 shows the electrical conductivity of each sample water of Examples 6 to 9 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6. In addition, each sample water of Examples 6 to 9 is treated with raw water (Toyohashi City tap water) using a water purifier (C-10P manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Aqua Solution Co., Ltd., filter medium: Diaion MIX product). I made it. The water of Comparative Example 5 is tap water obtained in Toyohashi City, and the water of Comparative Example 6 is well water obtained in Kyotango City.

As shown in FIG. 3, the coleoptiles of the seed paddy of Examples 6 to 9 germinated with water having an electric conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less were germinated with water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm. It was longer and had better growth than the coleoptiles of the seed paddy of Examples 5 and 6.

[Example 10, Comparative Example 7]
After disinfecting the seeds of Gohyakumangoku rice, the seeds were air-dried and soaked in water having an electrical conductivity of 2 μS / cm or less (25 ° C.). It was obtained by treating with well water (electrical conductivity 73 μS / cm) using Example 6 and a pure water device. The water temperature in the seeds was kept at 10 ° C. to 15 ° C., and water having an electrical conductivity of 2 μS / cm or less was used when replacing the water. The soaking period was 10 days. After soaking, the water temperature was raised to 30 ° C. to germinate and germinate. The germinated rice seeds are sown on the floor soil in the nursery box, covered with soil and raised in well water (electrical conductivity 73 μS / cm), and fully grown seedlings are planted and cultivated in outdoor paddy fields, and mature rice is harvested. It was. During cultivation, water drawn from agricultural water was used. The agricultural water supplied to the paddy fields was larger than 50 μS / cm.

As Comparative Example 7, soaking, germination, raising seedlings, planting, and cultivation in the field were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 10 except that well water (electrical conductivity 73 μS / cm) was used for soaking and germination.

For evaluation, one strain from the one cultivated under the conditions of Example 10 and one strain from the one cultivated under the conditions of Comparative Example 7 were planted (rice planted) in the field, and the yield of the harvested rice ears was measured. Compared. The items compared were the number of paddy, the number of sized grains, the weight, the total length, the width, the thickness, the whitening ratio, and the 1000-grain weight of brown rice. 17 ears were grown in one strain of Example 10. Thirteen ears were grown in one strain of Comparative Example 7. The results are shown in Table 4. The "average" shown in Table 4 is an average value of whole grain measurement. The total length of sizing was measured using a digital caliper. The whitening rate was measured with a rice grain fluoroscope.

As shown in Table 4, Example 10 had a larger number of ears and a larger size per grain. In addition, the rice of Example 10 had an average sizing total length of 5.3 mm or more and an average whitening rate of 88% or more.

[Example 11, Comparative Example 8]
Seed paddy (Yamada Nishiki) is soaked in a disinfectant solution diluted with tap water for 24 hours to disinfect the seeds, and then the water in which the seeds are soaked is made into water with an electrical conductivity of 3 μS / cm or less (25 ° C). The seeds were replaced and soaked. It was obtained by treating with tap water (electrical conductivity 142 μS / cm) using Example 6 and a pure water device. The water temperature in the seeds was kept at 10 ° C. to 15 ° C., and water having an electrical conductivity of 2 μS / cm or less was used when replacing the water. The soaking period was 10 days. After soaking, the water temperature was raised to 30 ° C. to germinate and germinate.

As Comparative Example 8, soaking and germination were carried out under the same conditions as in Example 11 except that tap water (electrical conductivity 142 μS / cm) was used for soaking and germination.

The roots of the 20 strains obtained in Example 11 and Comparative Example 8 were observed and the root length was measured. The results are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of observing the roots of seedlings. The results of photographing 20 seedlings of Example 11 and Comparative Example 8 in a bundle are shown. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the root length of seedlings. As shown in FIG. 4, the amount of roots in Example 11 was larger than that in Comparative Example 8. Specifically, Example 11 had a root amount 1.2 times or more that of Comparative Example 8. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the root length of Example 11 was longer than that of Comparative Example 8.

[Example 12, Comparative Example 9]
<Seeds>
Spinach seeds (variety name: NPL8 (Mitsubishi Chemical Agridream Co., Ltd.)) were used as leafy vegetable seeds.
<Medium>
As the seed sowing medium, fine cotton rock wool (“Bydon” (registered trademark) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Agridream Co., Ltd.) was used.

<Sowing-germination process>
Each of the 288-hole cell trays was filled with an appropriate amount of a seeding medium, and the spinach seeds were sown so as to have 5 or more seeds / 1 hole, and covered with soil. In each of Example 12 and Comparative Example 9, this was done so that there were a total of four cell trays, two each. Then, using the water shown in Table 5, the watering can was irrigated from above so as to be 1000 ml per cell tray.

After irrigation, the stacked cell trays were covered with a waterproof sheet and allowed to stand for each germination process period (days) shown in Table 5 under a humidity of 100%, a temperature of 22 ° C., and a dark environment. This germination module (a stack of cell trays covered with a tarpaulin) was placed in an empty space in a practical production facility for seedlings.

<Seedling process>
After the germination process period has passed, the cell tray is moved to a multi-stage shelf type seedling raising device in a closed type seedling raising facility (“Sapling Terrace” (registered trademark) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Agridream Co., Ltd.), which is a practical production facility for seedlings, and the seedling raising process is performed for 8 days. Was done. That is, the seedling raising step was carried out using artificial light in the light-shielding structure.

In this seedling raising process, the bright environment was set to 12 hours and the dark environment was set to 12 hours in a day. The temperature inside the light-shielding structure was set to 22 ° C. in a bright environment and 19 ° C. in a dark environment. _{The CO 2} concentration in the light-shielding structure was 1000 ppm in both a bright environment and a dark environment. In the seedling raising step, irrigation was carried out by giving a nutrient solution prepared at an electric conductivity of 1500 μS / cm (1.5 mS / cm) in 600 seconds / day.

<Planting-cultivation process>
The seedlings of Example 12 and Comparative Example 9 obtained in the seedling raising step were planted at the same date and time in a field using sunlight. Here, the maximum leaf length (average of 10 individuals) at the time of planting is measured and shown in Table 6.

The field is a greenhouse having a hydroponic cultivation system (“Napperland” (registered trademark) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Agridream Co., Ltd.) 6.

In this hydroponic cultivation system, the cultivation bed is installed with a gradient of about 1/100 so as to have a running water gradient from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction. As a result, it has a thin film hydroponic mechanism having a running channel from the upstream to the downstream in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bed row.

In this step, a nutrient solution prepared to have an electrical conductivity of 3000 μS / cm (EC3.0 dS / m) (temperature: 20 ° C., nitrate nitrogen; 14 me / L, phosphoric acid: 4 me / L, potassium: 10 me / L). Was used. This nutrient solution was supplied to the cultivation bed in which the plants were planted at a flow rate of 10 liters per minute.

Cultivated in a nutrient solution (electrical conductivity 3000 μS / cm) (EC3.0 dS / m) for 15 days after planting, and on the 16th day after planting, the nutrient solution was replaced with water for cultivation, and 18 days after planting. The eyes were harvested, and the maximum leaf length at the time of harvest (average of 3 strains, average value of 3 large ones out of 5 individuals per strain) and the number of leaves (average of 3 strains) were measured. The results are shown in Table 6.

As shown in Table 6, according to Example 1 in which the water at the time of germination was 5 μS / cm in electrical conductivity, the maximum leaf length and the number of leaves of the leafy vegetables to be harvested were sufficient even if the germination process period was shortened. Do you get it. That is, it was shown that the germination period can be shortened in plant cultivation or seedling raising.

[Example 13]
Example 13 was cultivated under the same conditions as in Example 12 except that the number of days for germination and the number of days for raising seedlings were as shown in Table 7. The results are shown in Table 7.

From Table 7, according to the method of the present invention, it was found that the maximum leaf length and the number of leaves of the leafy vegetables to be harvested were sufficient even if the seedling raising process period was shortened. That is, it was shown that the seedling raising period can be shortened.

It was found that the seedlings raised by the method of the present invention had thick shafts, good rooting, loose leaves, tight above-ground parts, and solid roots.

Claims (19)

A method for germination of seeds, which comprises a step of bringing the seeds into contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less. A method for cultivating a plant, wherein the plant is cultivated using the seed germinated by the seed germination method according to claim 1. The method for cultivating a plant according to claim 2, wherein the germinated seeds are raised using water having an electrical conductivity of more than 50 μS / cm. The method for cultivating a plant according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the seed is a seed of the Gramineae family. The method for cultivating a plant according to claim 4, wherein the seed is a seed paddy of paddy rice. Seeds exposed to water with an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less. The seed according to claim 6, which is germinating. The seed according to claim 6 or 7, which is a seed of the Gramineae family. The seed according to any one of claims 6 to 8, which is a seed paddy of paddy rice. The seed according to any one of claims 6 to 8, which is a wheat seed. A method for producing seeds, which comprises a step of bringing seeds into contact with water having an electrical conductivity of 50 μS / cm or less. The method for cultivating a plant according to claim 2, wherein the plant is a seedling for planting. The method for cultivating a plant according to claim 12, wherein the seedlings for planting are planted. A method for harvesting a plant for harvesting a plant cultivated by the method for cultivating a plant according to claim 2. A method for harvesting a plant in which seedlings for planting planted by the method for cultivating a plant according to claim 13 are grown and the grown plant is harvested. A method for cultivating a plant in which the seed according to claim 6 or 7 is sown and the plant is cultivated. A method for harvesting a plant in which the seed according to claim 6 or 7 is sown and the cultivated plant is harvested. Rice with an average grain size of 5.3 mm or more and an average whitening rate of 88% or more. A method for producing grafted seedlings, wherein grafted seedlings are produced using the plant cultivated by the plant cultivation method according to claim 2 as a rootstock.

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