CN113142005A - Production and planting method of marigold seeds - Google Patents
Production and planting method of marigold seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN113142005A CN113142005A CN202110456727.0A CN202110456727A CN113142005A CN 113142005 A CN113142005 A CN 113142005A CN 202110456727 A CN202110456727 A CN 202110456727A CN 113142005 A CN113142005 A CN 113142005A
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- YLJREFDVOIBQDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tacrine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=C(CCCC3)C3=NC2=C1 YLJREFDVOIBQDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and discloses a marigold seed production and planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) seed production; (2) seed treatment; (3) soil preparation; (4) sowing and raising seedlings; (5) transplanting; (6) managing the field; (7) pest control; reasonably applying fertilizer and water, additionally applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and improving the resistance of plants; spraying different insecticides at the early stage of disease incidence according to different plant diseases and insect pests, and spraying for 3-4 times at intervals of 7-10 days; (8) and (6) picking. The invention adopts the steps of seed selection treatment, timely sowing and seedling raising, field transplanting, field management, pest control and harvesting, and adopts agricultural, physical and biological methods to fertilize soil and reduce pest so as to obtain a safe and high-yield planting production system. The marigold planted by the method has high quality and good quality, greatly increases the yield of fresh flowers, increases the economic income of farmers, generates good social benefits and is easy to popularize and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and relates to a marigold seed production and planting method.
Background
Marigold is an annual herb flower of marigold of the family Compositae, which is also called as Hibiscus mutabilis, Hibiscus mauritianus, golden chrysanthemum, honeycomb chrysanthemum, Amur chrysanthemum and the like, is planted in all regions of the world at present, and is also planted in Jilin province and Heilongjiang province. Marigold is a herbal flower with both ornamental and medicinal effects, the flower color is mostly yellow and orange, the color is bright, the carotenoid content in marigold petals is high, the marigold petals are economical and easily available, people often use the marigold flowers to extract natural yellow pigment, the marigold flowers have high economic value, and the marigold flowers are widely applied to a plurality of fields of medicine, food, chemical industry and the like.
At present, the marigold is planted in a traditional planting mode, the defects of low yield and poor quality exist, and due to the fact that the marigold is easy to threaten by diseases and insect pests in the growing process, farmers generally use a large amount of chemical insecticides for preventing and controlling the diseases and the pests, increasing income and improving yield, the chemical insecticides can cause environmental pollution and water quality deterioration, a large amount of pesticide residues exist in marigold flowers, and the components and the quality of lutein can be seriously influenced when the lutein is extracted. Therefore, in order to increase the economic income of farmers, the development of a marigold planting method with high yield, good quality and low incidence of plant diseases and insect pests is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a marigold seed production and planting method with high yield, good quality and low incidence of plant diseases and insect pests,
in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for producing and planting marigold seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed production: breeding seedlings in 15 days after 4 months, and selecting 4 g/mu of female parent and 10 g/mu of male parent; then field planting is carried out at the beginning of 6 months, 380-minus 420 plants are field planted per mu of female parent, 150-minus mu sterile plants are reserved, 2200-minus 2400 plants are field planted per mu of male parent; recognizing and removing the hybrid plants before the first flowers of the parents are opened; collecting pollen of male parent with a pollen sucker, drying, pollinating to female parent, and marking with color line; harvesting, cleaning and packaging female parent seeds in batches after the female parent seeds are mature;
(2) seed treatment: selecting full and mature seeds of the marigold harvested in the step (1), soaking the seeds in 500 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim 250-fold for 10-20min, then soaking the seeds in warm water at 25 ℃ for 5-8h, washing the seeds with sterile water, airing the seeds, and mixing the seeds with 10-15 times of fine sand;
(3) land preparation: selecting a flat land block which is fertile in soil, leeward, sunny and easy to drain water, turning, and applying farmyard manure and compound fertilizer of 2-3 kilograms per square meter; setting the width of the seedbed to be 100-120cm, the distance between the seedbeds to be 30cm and the depth of the ditch to be 20-30cm, and watering the seedbed for one time to permeate water before sowing;
(4) sowing and seedling raising: selecting a windless day without strong sunshine to sow in ten days of 4 months, uniformly scattering seeds mixed with fine sand on a seedbed according to the amount, and covering 0.5-1.0 cm with seedbed soil after sowing; spraying disinfectant to the seedbed before and after seeding; sprinkling water once or twice a day before seedlings are completely emerged; spraying pesticide once when the seedlings grow to 5-6 cm;
(5) transplanting: deeply applying organic fertilizer and base fertilizer when transplanting land and preparing land; digging soil moisture according to 1.5-1.7m, ridging according to 1.2-1.5m, wherein the ridge spacing is 50-60 cm; spraying a bactericide and a foliar fertilizer to the seedlings 2 days before transplanting, and watering the seedbed with enough water one day before transplanting; transplanting when the seedlings grow to 12-18cm, adopting a wide-ridge double-row planting mode, wherein the row spacing of double rows is 40-60cm, the plant spacing is 55-75cm, and the number of seedlings kept per mu is 1800-2500, and then planting the seedlings in rows according to the sizes of the seedlings; transplanting and applying a high-efficiency compound fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer is 5-10cm away from a root system, and covering the fertilizer with soil;
(6) field management: after transplanting, shallow hoeing for preserving soil moisture, when the seedling is 30cm high, a small amount of branches appear, hoeing and hilling are carried out, ridge furrow soil is hoed shallowly and is planted at the base of the plant; watering according to soil moisture content after ridging to ensure that the soil is dry and wet; after transplanting, timely carrying out basal part pressure fertilization and dressing foliar fertilizer according to the growth condition of the plants, wherein the basal part pressure fertilization can be carried out in combination with weeding and ridging, and the fertilizer is applied around the basal parts of the plants for ridging; when the marigold branches and flowers, column piles can be arranged in the dead furrows, and the plants are pulled by ropes to prevent the plants from lodging;
(7) and (3) pest control: reasonably applying fertilizer and water, additionally applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and improving the resistance of plants; spraying different insecticides at the early stage of disease incidence according to different plant diseases and insect pests, and spraying for 3-4 times at intervals of 7-10 days;
(8) picking: picking in the middle ten days of 7 months, and picking once every 8-10 days; after flowers are picked each time, foliage fertilizer and bactericide are sprayed once.
Preferably, the pesticide in the step (3) is any one of chlorphenamine maleate, hymexazol and carbendazim.
Preferably, the high-nitrogen fertilizer is forbidden in the fertilization in the step (4), so that the overgrowth and premature senility of plants are avoided.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer in the step (5) is a monopotassium phosphate compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the different pest control of step (6): a. brown spot: reasonably applying fertilizer and water, additionally applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and improving the resistance of plants; spraying any one of 3000-4000 times of tebuconazole suspension agent, 1000-times of 25-time of tebuconazole aqueous solution and 5000-times of 48% methionine and tebuconazole 4000 at the initial stage of disease onset, and spraying for 3-4 times once every 7-10 days; or spraying 33.3 g of the pesticide solution with 1000 times per mu; b. viral diseases: when serious, the virus killer, the toxicicide pioneer, the phytocide and the virus A can be sprayed, a proper amount of leaf fertilizer is added, and the spraying is carried out once every 5 to 7 days, and meanwhile, the combined prevention and treatment of aphids are paid attention to; c. damping off: spraying 2000 times of 99% hymexazol solution or 300 times of 10% rhizoctonia solani aqueous suspension at the initial stage of disease attack; when damping off and damping-off occur together, spraying 2-3L of 800-fold solution of 30% hymexazol or 72.2% propiconazole and 800-fold solution of 50% thiram wettable powder per square meter; d. root rot: spraying hymexazol and agricultural streptomycin mixed with water at the early stage of disease attack; e. gray mold: spraying any one of 1000 times of 50% prochloraz wettable powder, 1500 times of 50% prochloraz wettable powder, 900 times of 25% prochloraz emulsifiable solution, 1200 times of 40% Schalale suspending agent and 900 times of 30% strong water suspending agent at the initial stage of disease attack for 1 time or 2 times in 10 days; f. wilt disease: spraying 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution or 600 times of 40% sulfur-rich suspending agent solution at the early stage of disease occurrence, or irrigating roots, wherein the prepared liquid medicine is 0.4-0.5L for each plant, and preventing and treating for 2-3 times according to disease conditions; g. leaf spot disease: in the early stage of disease onset, 500 times of solution of metalaxyl with concentration of 72.5 percent or 1000 times of solution of 70 percent wettable powder of zineb with concentration of 65 percent or 1000 times of solution of 70 percent wettable powder of thiophanate-methyl can be sprayed for prevention and control, and the disease development can be controlled by spraying once every 7 to 10 days and spraying for several times continuously; h. 20% of virus A and a foliar fertilizer are adopted for spraying, and 1500 times of liquid of acetamiprid and 3% of Mobilan missible oil are adopted for killing aphids.
Preferably, the control method of different marigold insect pests comprises the following steps: a. cotton bollworm: spraying 1500 times of thiodan or kungfu 1000-; b. grub: mixing parched coarse corn flour with 40% of fructus Canarii albi, chlorpyrifos, etc., adding appropriate amount of brown sugar, covering for one night, and dispersing in the ground for preventing and treating; c. the cutworm: the chlorpyrifos granule is also applied in a broadcasting way, and the mixture can be sprayed with the mixture of the chlorfenapyr and the water; d. mole cricket: the application of phoxim granules or chlorpyrifos granules can also be realized by killing the Dichlorfenapyr and spraying with water, or by the control of omethoate and 5 percent of high-efficiency cyhalothrin at evening; e. crustacean pests: removing the rotten leaves of the residual plants in the flower field and eradicating weeds in agricultural control; the drug is applied by mixing 500 g chlorpyrifos granule with chlorpyrifos soil or spraying with bisultap, monosultap, trichlorfon and the like mixed with water for controlling acre; f. the main pests in the harvesting period include leafing pests such as chafer, inchworm, spodoptera litura and the like, and the 2.5 percent of dichlord can kill 80 to 100 milliliters of leaves per mu or 80 to 100 milliliters of tea plant high-protection (cypermethrin) per mu or 100 milliliters of 80 percent of dichlorvos per mu and 120 milliliters of leaves for prevention and control. ' Qiyi
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has the following effects: the method adopts the steps of seed production, seed selection treatment, timely seeding and seedling raising, field transplanting, field management, pest control and harvesting, and adopts agricultural, physical and biological methods to fertilize soil and reduce pest and disease damage, so as to obtain a safe and high-yield planting production system. The marigold planted by the method has high quality and good quality, greatly increases the yield of fresh flowers, increases the economic income of farmers, generates good social benefits and is easy to popularize and use.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
A method for producing and planting marigold seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed production: breeding seedlings in 15 days after 4 months, and selecting 4 g/mu of female parent and 10 g/mu of male parent; then field planting is carried out at the beginning of 6 months, 380-minus 420 plants are field planted per mu of female parent, 150-minus mu sterile plants are reserved, 2200-minus 2400 plants are field planted per mu of male parent; recognizing and removing the hybrid plants before the first flowers of the parents are opened; collecting pollen of male parent with a pollen sucker, drying, pollinating to female parent, and marking with color line; harvesting, cleaning and packaging female parent seeds in batches after the female parent seeds are mature;
(2) seed treatment: selecting full and mature seeds of the marigold harvested in the step (1), soaking the seeds in 250 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim for 20min, then soaking the seeds in warm water at 25 ℃ for 5h, washing the seeds with sterile water, airing the seeds, and mixing the seeds with 10 times of fine sand;
(3) land preparation: selecting flat land blocks with fertile soil, leeward and sunny exposure and easy drainage for turning, and applying farmyard manure and compound fertilizer of 2 kilograms per square meter; setting the width of a seedbed to be 100cm, the distance between seedbeds to be 30cm and the depth of a ditch to be 20cm, and watering the seedbed once to permeate water before sowing;
(4) sowing and seedling raising: selecting a windless day without strong sunshine for sowing in the last ten days of 4 months, uniformly scattering seeds mixed with fine sand on a seedbed according to the amount, and covering 0.5 cm with seedbed soil after scattering; spraying disinfectant to the seedbed before and after seeding; sprinkling water once or twice a day before seedlings are completely emerged; spraying for one time when the seedlings grow to 5-6 cm;
(5) transplanting: deeply applying organic fertilizer and base fertilizer when transplanting land and preparing land; digging soil moisture at 1.5m, ridging at 1.2m, and spacing ridge distance of 50 cm; spraying a bactericide and a foliar fertilizer to the seedlings 2 days before transplanting, and watering the seedbed with enough water one day before transplanting; transplanting when the seedlings grow to 12-18cm, adopting a wide-ridge double-row planting mode, wherein the row spacing of the double rows is 40cm, the plant spacing is 65cm, and 1800 seedlings are preserved per mu, and then planting the seedlings in rows according to the sizes; transplanting and applying a high-efficiency compound fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer is 5-10cm away from a root system, and covering the fertilizer with soil;
(6) field management: after transplanting, shallow hoeing for preserving soil moisture, when the seedling is 30cm high, a small amount of branches appear, hoeing and hilling are carried out, ridge furrow soil is hoed shallowly and is planted at the base of the plant; watering according to soil moisture content after ridging to ensure that the soil is dry and wet; after transplanting, timely carrying out basal part pressure fertilization and dressing foliar fertilizer according to the growth condition of the plants, wherein the basal part pressure fertilization can be carried out in combination with weeding and ridging, and the fertilizer is applied around the basal parts of the plants for ridging; when the marigold branches and flowers, column piles can be arranged in the dead furrows, and the plants are pulled by ropes to prevent the plants from lodging;
(7) and (3) pest control: reasonably applying fertilizer and water, additionally applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and improving the resistance of plants; spraying different insecticides at the early stage of disease incidence according to different plant diseases and insect pests, and spraying for 3 times at intervals of 7 days;
aiming at different diseases:
a. brown spot: reasonably applying fertilizer and water, additionally applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and improving the resistance of plants; spraying 3000-4000 times of 43% tebuconazole suspending agent once every 7-10 days for 3-4 times at the initial stage of disease attack; or spraying 33.3 g of the pesticide solution with 1000 times per mu; b. viral diseases: when serious, the virus can be sprayed and a proper amount of foliar fertilizer can be added, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 5 to 7 days, and meanwhile, the aphid control is combined; c. damping off: spraying 2000 times of 99% hymexazol solution at the early stage of disease attack; when damping off and damping-off occur together, spraying 2L of 800 times solution of 30% hymexazol or 72.2% propiconazole 800 times solution and 50% thiram wettable powder 800 times solution per square meter; d. root rot: spraying hymexazol and agricultural streptomycin mixed with water at the early stage of disease attack; e. gray mold: spraying 1000 times of 50% wettable powder of prohyacinthine at the initial stage of disease occurrence, spraying for 1 time in 10 days, and preventing and treating for 1 time or 2 times; f. wilt disease: spraying 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution at the early stage of disease occurrence, or irrigating roots, wherein the prepared liquid medicine is 0.4-0.5L per plant, and controlling the disease condition for 2-3 times; g. leaf spot disease: in the early stage of disease onset, 500 times of solution of metalaxyl with concentration of 72.5% or mancozeb with concentration of 65% can be sprayed for prevention and treatment, the solution is sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, and the disease development can be controlled by spraying for several times; h. spraying 20% of virus A and a leaf fertilizer, and killing aphids by adopting 1500 times of liquid of 10% acetamiprid and 3% Mobilan missible oil;
aiming at different insect pests:
a. cotton bollworm: spraying 1500 times of thiodan or kungfu 1000-; b. grub: mixing parched coarse corn flour with 40% of fructus Canarii albi, chlorpyrifos, etc., adding appropriate amount of brown sugar, covering for one night, and dispersing in the ground for preventing and treating; c. the cutworm: the chlorpyrifos granule is also applied in a broadcasting way, and the mixture can be sprayed with the mixture of the chlorfenapyr and the water; d. mole cricket: spreading phoxim granules or chlorpyrifos granules; e. crustacean pests: removing the rotten leaves of the residual plants in the flower field and eradicating weeds in agricultural control; the chlorpyrifos granules with the weight of 500 g are applied to each mu of drug control; f. the main pests in the harvesting period include leaf-eating pests such as chafer, looper, prodenia litura and the like, and 80-100 ml of the pests per mu can be killed by 2.5 percent of enemy;
(7) picking: picking in the middle ten days of 7 months, and picking once every 8-10 days; after flowers are picked each time, foliage fertilizer and bactericide are sprayed once.
Example 2
A method for producing and planting marigold seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed production: breeding seedlings in 15 days after 4 months, and selecting 4 g/mu of female parent and 10 g/mu of male parent; then field planting is carried out at the beginning of 6 months, 380-minus 420 plants are field planted per mu of female parent, 150-minus mu sterile plants are reserved, 2200-minus 2400 plants are field planted per mu of male parent; recognizing and removing the hybrid plants before the first flowers of the parents are opened; collecting pollen of male parent with a pollen sucker, drying, pollinating to female parent, and marking with color line; harvesting, cleaning and packaging female parent seeds in batches after the female parent seeds are mature;
(2) seed treatment: selecting full and mature marigold seeds harvested in the step (1), soaking the seeds in a diluent of which the volume is 300 times that of 50% carbendazim for 15min, then soaking the seeds in warm water at 25 ℃ for 6h, washing the seeds with sterile water, airing the seeds, and mixing the seeds with 15 times of fine sand;
(3) land preparation: selecting flat land blocks with fertile soil, leeward and sunny exposure and easy drainage for turning, and applying farmyard manure and compound fertilizer in a ratio of 3 kilograms per square meter; setting the width of a seedbed to be 120cm, the distance between seedbeds to be 30cm and the depth of a ditch to be 25cm, and watering the seedbed once to permeate water before sowing;
(4) sowing and seedling raising: selecting a windless day without strong sunshine for sowing in the last ten days of 4 months, uniformly scattering seeds mixed with fine sand on a seedbed according to the amount, and covering 1.0 cm with seedbed soil after scattering; spraying disinfectant to the seedbed before and after seeding; sprinkling water once or twice a day before seedlings are completely emerged; spraying chlorphenamine maleate, hymexazol, and carbendazim once when the seedling grows to 5-6 cm;
(5) transplanting: deeply applying organic fertilizer and base fertilizer when transplanting land and preparing land; digging soil moisture at 1.6m, ridging at 1.3m, and making ridge spacing at 60 cm; spraying a bactericide and a foliar fertilizer to the seedlings 2 days before transplanting, and watering the seedbed with enough water one day before transplanting; transplanting when the seedlings grow to 12-18cm, adopting a wide-ridge double-row planting mode, wherein the row spacing of the double rows is 50cm, the plant spacing is 55cm, the number of seedlings per mu is 2000, and then planting the seedlings in rows according to the sizes; transplanting and applying a high-efficiency compound fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer is 5-10cm away from a root system, and covering the fertilizer with soil;
(6) field management: after transplanting, shallow hoeing for preserving soil moisture, when the seedling is 30cm high, a small amount of branches appear, hoeing and hilling are carried out, ridge furrow soil is hoed shallowly and is planted at the base of the plant; watering according to soil moisture content after ridging to ensure that the soil is dry and wet; after transplanting, timely carrying out basal part pressure fertilization and dressing foliar fertilizer according to the growth condition of the plants, wherein the basal part pressure fertilization can be carried out in combination with weeding and ridging, and the fertilizer is applied around the basal parts of the plants for ridging; when the marigold branches and flowers, column piles can be arranged in the dead furrows, and the plants are pulled by ropes to prevent the plants from lodging;
(7) and (3) pest control: reasonably applying fertilizer and water, additionally applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and improving the resistance of plants; spraying different insecticides at the early stage of disease incidence according to different plant diseases and insect pests, and spraying for 3-4 times at intervals of 7-10 days;
aiming at different diseases:
a. brown spot: reasonably applying fertilizer and water, additionally applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and improving the resistance of plants; spraying 1000 times of 25% tebuconazole aqueous solution at the initial stage of disease attack, and spraying 3-4 times every 7-10 days; b. viral diseases: when serious, the pesticide pioneer can be sprayed with a proper amount of foliar fertilizer, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 5 to 7 days, and meanwhile, the aphid control is combined; c. damping off: spraying 300 times of 10% of a liquid of a vertical withering water suspension agent at the initial stage of disease attack; when damping off and damping-off occur together, spraying 2-3L of 800-fold solution of 30% hymexazol or 72.2% propiconazole and 800-fold solution of 50% thiram wettable powder per square meter; d. root rot: spraying hymexazol and agricultural streptomycin mixed with water at the early stage of disease attack; e. gray mold: spraying 1500 times of 50% wettable powder of tacrine at the initial stage of disease attack, spraying for 1 time in 10 days, and preventing and treating for 1 time or 2 times; f. wilt disease: spraying 600 times of 40% sulfur-rich suspending agent at the early stage of disease onset, or irrigating roots, wherein the prepared liquid medicine is 0.4-0.5L per plant, and controlling for 2-3 times according to disease conditions; g. leaf spot disease: in the early stage of disease onset, 1000 times of solution of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder can be sprayed for prevention and treatment, the solution is sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, and the disease development can be controlled by spraying for several times; h. spraying 20% of virus A and a leaf fertilizer, and killing aphids by adopting 1500 times of liquid of 10% acetamiprid and 3% Mobilan missible oil;
aiming at different insect pests:
a. cotton bollworm: spraying 1500 times of cyhalothrin 1000-fold and 2000 times of carbamate emamectin benzoate liquid; b. grub: mixing parched coarse corn flour with 40% of fructus Canarii albi, chlorpyrifos, etc., adding appropriate amount of brown sugar, covering for one night, and dispersing in the ground for preventing and treating; c. the cutworm: the chlorpyrifos granule is also applied in a broadcasting way, and the mixture can be sprayed with the mixture of the chlorfenapyr and the water; d. mole cricket: spraying chlorpyrifos granule to kill enemy, adding water, and spraying; e. crustacean pests: removing the rotten leaves of the residual plants in the flower field and eradicating weeds in agricultural control; mixing bisultap, monosultap, trichlorfon, etc. with water, and spraying; f. the main pests in the harvesting period include leafeating pests such as chafer, looper, prodenia litura and the like, and the high-protection tea tree (cypermethrin) is 80-100 ml per mu or 80% of dichlorvos is 100 plus one mu and 120 ml per mu for leaf surface spraying prevention;
(8) picking: picking in the middle ten days of 7 months, and picking once every 8-10 days; after flowers are picked each time, foliage fertilizer and bactericide are sprayed once.
Example 3
A method for producing and planting marigold seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed production: breeding seedlings in 15 days after 4 months, and selecting 4 g/mu of female parent and 10 g/mu of male parent; then field planting is carried out at the beginning of 6 months, 380-minus 420 plants are field planted per mu of female parent, 150-minus mu sterile plants are reserved, 2200-minus 2400 plants are field planted per mu of male parent; recognizing and removing the hybrid plants before the first flowers of the parents are opened; collecting pollen of male parent with a pollen sucker, drying, pollinating to female parent, and marking with color line; harvesting, cleaning and packaging female parent seeds in batches after the female parent seeds are mature;
(2) seed treatment: selecting full and mature seeds of the marigold harvested in the step (1), soaking the seeds in 500 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim for 10min, then soaking the seeds in warm water at 25 ℃ for 8h, washing the seeds with sterile water, airing the seeds, and mixing the seeds with 15 times of fine sand;
(3) land preparation: selecting flat land blocks with fertile soil, leeward and sunny exposure and easy drainage for turning, and applying farmyard manure and compound fertilizer in a ratio of 3 kilograms per square meter; setting the width of a seedbed to be 120cm, the distance between seedbeds to be 30cm and the depth of a ditch to be 30cm, and watering the seedbed once to permeate water before sowing;
(4) sowing and seedling raising: selecting a windless day without strong sunshine to sow in ten days of 4 months, uniformly scattering seeds mixed with fine sand on a seedbed according to the amount, and covering 0.5-1.0 cm with seedbed soil after sowing; spraying disinfectant to the seedbed before and after seeding; sprinkling water once or twice a day before seedlings are completely emerged; spraying chlorphenamine maleate, hymexazol, and carbendazim once when the seedling grows to 5-6 cm;
(5) transplanting: deeply applying organic fertilizer and base fertilizer when transplanting land and preparing land; digging soil moisture at 1.7m, ridging at 1.5m, and making ridge spacing of 60 cm; spraying a bactericide and a foliar fertilizer to the seedlings 2 days before transplanting, and watering the seedbed with enough water one day before transplanting; transplanting when the seedlings grow to 12-18cm, adopting a wide-ridge double-row planting mode, wherein the row spacing of the double rows is 50cm, the plant spacing is 75cm, and the number of the seedlings per mu is 2500, and then planting the seedlings in rows according to the sizes; transplanting and applying a high-efficiency compound fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer is 10cm away from the root system, and covering the fertilizer with soil;
(6) field management: after transplanting, shallow hoeing for preserving soil moisture, when the seedling is 30cm high, a small amount of branches appear, hoeing and hilling are carried out, ridge furrow soil is hoed shallowly and is planted at the base of the plant; watering according to soil moisture content after ridging to ensure that the soil is dry and wet; after transplanting, timely carrying out basal part pressure fertilization and dressing foliar fertilizer according to the growth condition of the plants, wherein the basal part pressure fertilization can be carried out in combination with weeding and ridging, and the fertilizer is applied around the basal parts of the plants for ridging; when the marigold branches and flowers, column piles can be arranged in the dead furrows, and the plants are pulled by ropes to prevent the plants from lodging;
(7) and (3) pest control: reasonably applying fertilizer and water, additionally applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and improving the resistance of plants; spraying different insecticides at the early stage of disease incidence according to different plant diseases and insect pests, and spraying for 3-4 times at intervals of 7-10 days;
aiming at different diseases:
a. brown spot: reasonably applying fertilizer and water, additionally applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and improving the resistance of plants; spraying with a 5000-fold solution of 48% methionine and 4000-fold tebuconazole at the initial stage of disease onset, and spraying for 3-4 times every 7-10 days; or spraying 33.3 g of the pesticide solution with 1000 times per mu; b. viral diseases: when serious, spraying the phytocide to mix with a proper amount of foliar fertilizer once every 5 to 7 days, and simultaneously paying attention to the combined prevention and control of aphids; c. damping off: spraying 2000 times of 99% hymexazol solution at the early stage of disease attack; when damping off and damping-off occur together, spraying 2-3L of 800-fold solution of 30% hymexazol or 72.2% propiconazole and 800-fold solution of 50% thiram wettable powder per square meter; d. root rot: spraying hymexazol and agricultural streptomycin mixed with water at the early stage of disease attack; e. gray mold: spraying 900 times of 25% of a Baikean emulsifiable solution at the early stage of disease attack, and spraying for 1 time in 10 days for preventing and treating for 1 time or 2 times; f. wilt disease: irrigating roots with 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution at the early stage of disease occurrence, wherein the prepared liquid medicine is 0.4-0.5L per plant, and the disease is prevented and treated for 2-3 times according to the disease condition; g. leaf spot disease: in the early stage of disease onset, 1000 times of solution of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder can be sprayed for prevention and treatment, the solution is sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, and the disease development can be controlled by spraying for several times; h. spraying 20% of virus A and a leaf fertilizer, and killing aphids by adopting 1500 times of liquid of 10% acetamiprid and 3% Mobilan missible oil;
aiming at different insect pests:
a. cotton bollworm: spraying 2000 times of solution of carbamate emamectin benzoate; b. grub: mixing parched coarse corn flour with 40% of fructus Canarii albi, chlorpyrifos, etc., adding appropriate amount of brown sugar, covering for one night, and dispersing in the ground for preventing and treating; c. the cutworm: the chlorpyrifos granule is also applied in a broadcasting way, and the mixture can be sprayed with the mixture of the chlorfenapyr and the water; d. mole cricket: the pesticide is used for preventing and treating omethoate and 5 percent of high-efficiency cyhalothrin at the evening; e. crustacean pests: removing the rotten leaves of the residual plants in the flower field and eradicating weeds in agricultural control; the pesticide is used for controlling acre and is sprayed by mixing bisultap, monosultap, trichlorfon and the like with water; f. the main pests in the harvesting period include leafing pests such as chafer, inchworm, prodenia litura and the like, and the leaf surface spray control is carried out on 100 plus 120 ml per mu by using 80 percent of dichlorvos;
(8) picking: picking in the middle ten days of 7 months, and picking once every 8-10 days; after flowers are picked each time, foliage fertilizer and bactericide are sprayed once.
The marigold planted by the cultivation method of the embodiment 1-3 of the invention has high quality, large flowers, bright color, more petals and no diseases and pests, the yield can be increased by 30-35% per mu, the survival rate reaches more than 99%, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is less than 1%.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention, but is made merely for the purpose of providing an understanding of the principles of the embodiments; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the present embodiment, there may be a change in the specific implementation and application scope, and in summary, the present disclosure should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A production and planting method of marigold seeds is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) seed production: breeding seedlings in 15 days after 4 months, and selecting 4 g/mu of female parent and 10 g/mu of male parent; then field planting is carried out at the beginning of 6 months, 380-minus 420 plants are field planted per mu of female parent, 150-minus mu sterile plants are reserved, 2200-minus 2400 plants are field planted per mu of male parent; recognizing and removing the hybrid plants before the first flowers of the parents are opened; collecting pollen of male parent with a pollen sucker, drying, pollinating to female parent, and marking with color line; harvesting, cleaning and packaging female parent seeds in batches after the female parent seeds are mature;
(2) seed treatment: selecting full and mature seeds of the marigold harvested in the step (1), soaking the seeds in 500 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim 250-fold for 10-20min, then soaking the seeds in warm water at 25 ℃ for 5-8h, washing the seeds with sterile water, airing the seeds, and mixing the seeds with 10-15 times of fine sand;
(3) land preparation: selecting a flat land block which is fertile in soil, leeward, sunny and easy to drain water, turning, and applying farmyard manure and compound fertilizer of 2-3 kilograms per square meter; setting the width of the seedbed to be 100-120cm, the distance between the seedbeds to be 30cm and the depth of the ditch to be 20-30cm, and watering the seedbed for one time to permeate water before sowing;
(4) sowing and seedling raising: selecting a windless day without strong sunshine to sow in ten days of 4 months, uniformly scattering seeds mixed with fine sand on a seedbed according to the amount, and covering 0.5-1.0 cm with seedbed soil after sowing; spraying disinfectant to the seedbed before and after seeding; sprinkling water once or twice a day before seedlings are completely emerged; spraying pesticide once when the seedlings grow to 5-6 cm;
(5) transplanting: deeply applying organic fertilizer and base fertilizer when transplanting land and preparing land; digging soil moisture according to 1.5-1.7m, ridging according to 1.2-1.5m, wherein the ridge spacing is 50-60 cm; spraying a bactericide and a foliar fertilizer to the seedlings 2 days before transplanting, and watering the seedbed with enough water one day before transplanting; transplanting when the seedlings grow to 12-18cm, adopting a wide-ridge double-row planting mode, wherein the row spacing of double rows is 40-60cm, the plant spacing is 55-75cm, and the number of seedlings kept per mu is 1800-2500, and then planting the seedlings in rows according to the sizes of the seedlings; transplanting and applying a high-efficiency compound fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer is 5-10cm away from a root system, and covering the fertilizer with soil;
(6) field management: after transplanting, shallow hoeing for preserving soil moisture, when the seedling is 30cm high, a small amount of branches appear, hoeing and hilling are carried out, ridge furrow soil is hoed shallowly and is planted at the base of the plant; watering according to soil moisture content after ridging to ensure that the soil is dry and wet; after transplanting, timely carrying out basal part pressure fertilization and dressing foliar fertilizer according to the growth condition of the plants, wherein the basal part pressure fertilization can be carried out in combination with weeding and ridging, and the fertilizer is applied around the basal parts of the plants for ridging; when the marigold branches and flowers, column piles can be arranged in the dead furrows, and the plants are pulled by ropes to prevent the plants from lodging;
(7) and (3) pest control: reasonably applying fertilizer and water, additionally applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and improving the resistance of plants; spraying different insecticides at the early stage of disease incidence according to different plant diseases and insect pests, and spraying for 3-4 times at intervals of 7-10 days;
(8) picking: picking in the middle ten days of 7 months, and picking once every 8-10 days; after flowers are picked each time, foliage fertilizer and bactericide are sprayed once.
2. A method of seed production and planting of marigold according to claim 1, wherein: the pesticide in the step (4) is any one of dulbeck, hymexazol and carbendazim.
3. A method of seed production and planting of marigold according to claim 1, wherein: and (5) the high-nitrogen fertilizer is forbidden for fertilization, so that the overgrowth and premature senility of plants are avoided.
4. A method of seed production and planting of marigold according to claim 1, wherein: and (6) the foliar fertilizer is a monopotassium phosphate compound fertilizer.
5. A method of seed production and planting of marigold according to claim 1, wherein: and (7) preventing and treating different diseases and insect pests: a. brown spot: reasonably applying fertilizer and water, additionally applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and improving the resistance of plants; spraying any one of 3000-4000 times of tebuconazole suspension agent, 1000-times of 25-time of tebuconazole aqueous solution and 5000-times of 48% methionine and tebuconazole 4000 at the initial stage of disease onset, and spraying for 3-4 times once every 7-10 days; or spraying 33.3 g of the pesticide solution with 1000 times per mu; b. viral diseases: when serious, the virus killer, the toxicicide pioneer, the phytocide and the virus A can be sprayed, a proper amount of leaf fertilizer is added, and the spraying is carried out once every 5 to 7 days, and meanwhile, the combined prevention and treatment of aphids are paid attention to; c. damping off: spraying 2000 times of 99% hymexazol solution or 300 times of 10% rhizoctonia solani aqueous suspension at the initial stage of disease attack; when damping off and damping-off occur together, spraying 2-3L of 800-fold solution of 30% hymexazol or 72.2% propiconazole and 800-fold solution of 50% thiram wettable powder per square meter; d. root rot: spraying hymexazol and agricultural streptomycin mixed with water at the early stage of disease attack; e. gray mold: spraying any one of 1000 times of 50% prochloraz wettable powder, 1500 times of 50% prochloraz wettable powder, 900 times of 25% prochloraz emulsifiable solution, 1200 times of 40% Schalale suspending agent and 900 times of 30% strong water suspending agent at the initial stage of disease attack for 1 time or 2 times in 10 days; f. wilt disease: spraying 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution or 600 times of 40% sulfur-rich suspending agent solution at the early stage of disease occurrence, or irrigating roots, wherein the prepared liquid medicine is 0.4-0.5L for each plant, and preventing and treating for 2-3 times according to disease conditions; g. leaf spot disease: in the early stage of disease onset, 500 times of solution of metalaxyl with concentration of 72.5 percent or 1000 times of solution of 70 percent wettable powder of zineb with concentration of 65 percent or 1000 times of solution of 70 percent wettable powder of thiophanate-methyl can be sprayed for prevention and control, and the disease development can be controlled by spraying once every 7 to 10 days and spraying for several times continuously; h. 20% of virus A and a foliar fertilizer are adopted for spraying, and 1500 times of liquid of acetamiprid and 3% of Mobilan missible oil are adopted for killing aphids.
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| CN202110456727.0A CN113142005A (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2021-04-27 | Production and planting method of marigold seeds |
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| CN113843272A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-28 | 云南农业大学 | Method for replacing planting and repairing marigold in cadmium-lead polluted farmland |
| CN113906962A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2022-01-11 | 深圳市航科量子科技有限公司 | Crop seed quality improvement method based on quantum technology |
| CN114521465A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-24 | 新疆农业科学院综合试验场 | Method for interplanting marigold in edible roses in desert oasis areas |
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