CN114303859A - Cultivation method of multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai - Google Patents
Cultivation method of multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of ornamental plants, and relates to a cultivation method of a multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: selecting at least two-year-old paper mulberry plants, improving the salt concentration of a culture medium for culturing the paper mulberry, then removing all leaves of the paper mulberry plants, reducing the field water capacity of the culture medium and keeping the field water capacity low, avoiding salt loss in the process of keeping the field water capacity low, and growing leaves again to obtain the multi-split-leaf paper mulberry bonsai. By utilizing the culture condition of the invention, the paper mulberry plant grows into multiple cracked leaves under the proper infiltration condition, and simultaneously, the growth of the cracked-leaf paper mulberry is delayed, so that the landscape time of the cracked-leaf paper mulberry plant bonsai is prolonged, and the landscaping effect of the cracked-leaf paper mulberry plant bonsai is achieved. Meanwhile, the whole method is simple and convenient to operate, the operation period is short, and the formed broussonetia papyrifera plant bonsai is large in later-stage plasticity and convenient to maintain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ornamental plants, and relates to a cultivation method of a multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai.
Background
Potted landscape plants have been an important part of the field of ornamental plants in China, and since ancient times, China has been the tradition for cultivating potted landscape of plants of various artistic models. The plant bonsai with various artistic models is not only pleasing to the eyes, but also can provide a leisure space for people living under the fast life rhythm.
The main plants of the traditional plant bonsai are mostly conifer and other gymnosperms or evergreen ficus plants, and the like, although the main plants traditionally used for the plant bonsai have the advantages of evergreen and beautiful artistic shape of finished products, the traditional plants also have the defects of slow growth, single plant leaf shape and the like. Therefore, once the traditional main plants in the plant bonsai are damaged, the buyers are difficult to repair the artistic models of the plants and simultaneously difficult to independently design the original artistic models. In addition, the traditional main plant of the plant bonsai grows slowly, and the like, so that the modeling difficulty is high, the modeling time is long, the cost is high, and the like, the reconstruction cost is increased, the price of the plant bonsai is increased, and the popularization of products is not facilitated.
For example, the chinese patent discloses a cultivation method of a large tea tree bonsai, but the cultivation method of the large tea tree bonsai is complicated, the large tea tree bonsai needs to be grafted, and a pot plant which grows stably after grafting needs to be trimmed and shaped, and the output period of the bonsai is 2 to 3 years; the Chinese invention patent also discloses a cultivation method of the leaf and fruit dual-purpose single-trunk wolfberry bonsai, however, the cultivation time of the bonsai is longer, and the final bonsai can be obtained only by cultivating the shaped single trunk for 2-3 years after shaping.
Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), deciduous tree, is a strong positive tree species, and has strong stress resistance; the method has the characteristics of fast growth, strong adaptability and short felling period, and the growth characteristics can be used for quickly constructing the plant bonsai. However, paper mulberry leaves have complex special-shaped leafiness, and the functional traits of the leaves have certain relations with the illumination conditions (Stenze, Duhan Han, Haoyusan, and the like. the special-shaped leafiness of paper mulberry and the ecological adaptation to the environment [ J ]. the university of southwest university of Master (Nature science edition), 2021,46(4):61-65.) and also have certain relations with the occurrence frequency of plant diseases and insect pests (Mumilipeng, Chen Hongli. the ecological function preliminary study of the character differentiation of paper mulberry leaves [ J ]. Guangxi plants, 2018,38(8): 1088-.
At present, no bonsai plant and corresponding cultivation method for plant bonsai landscaping can be developed quickly and stably.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects and the defects of the cultivation period and the stability of the traditional bonsai plant and provides a cultivation method of a multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai.
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of a multi-split-leaf paper mulberry bonsai.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical means:
the invention provides a cultivation method capable of quickly and stably constructing a multi-split-leaf paper mulberry bonsai by utilizing the characteristics of fast growing, cutting resistance, irregular and multi-split leaves of paper mulberry and the like, and the specific method comprises the following steps: selecting at least two-year-old paper mulberry plants, improving the salt concentration of a culture medium for culturing the paper mulberry, then removing all leaves of the paper mulberry plants, reducing the field water capacity of the culture medium and keeping the field water capacity low, avoiding the salt loss of the culture medium in the process of keeping the field water capacity low, and growing leaves again.
Preferably, the cultivation method of the multi-split-leaf paper mulberry bonsai comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting at least two-year-old paper mulberry plants
Selecting at least two-year-old broussonetia papyrifera plants which grow naturally or are artificially cultured; selecting the standard of paper mulberry plants: the stem diameter of the plant is more than 5mm, and the plant height is more than 25 cm.
S2, salt treatment of paper mulberry plants
In the growing season of paper mulberry, the temperature is 20-35 ℃, the air humidity is 30-80%, and the illumination is 4000-20000 Lux, salt treatment is carried out on selected paper mulberry plants, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
watering the broussonetia papyrifera plants by using 98-102 mM sodium chloride aqueous solution, and uniformly watering the broussonetia papyrifera plants for 5-10 times in one month until the content of sodium chloride in the culture medium is increased by 1.8-2.5 g/kg. In the salt treatment process, daily water irrigation is carried out simultaneously to keep the field water capacity of the culture medium to be 60-80%.
S3, constructing the potted landscape of the broussonetia papyrifera
Removing all leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera after salt treatment, irrigating with water, reducing the field water capacity of the culture medium, and maintaining the field water capacity of the culture medium to be 25-35% for 15-20 days. After 15-20 days, a large number of deep-cracked and cracked leaves and some residual leaves grow on the paper mulberry, so that the effect of growing various cracked leaves on the paper mulberry stems is achieved, and then multi-cracked paper mulberry bonsais with various cracked shapes and shapes similar to those of manual trimming are formed, namely the multi-cracked paper mulberry bonsai is successfully constructed.
In the process of water pouring in the steps S2 and S3, the salt solution seeped from the bottom of the culture medium container is poured back to the corresponding container again, so that the salt loss of the treatment solution is avoided; the exuded salt solution was poured back into the corresponding container every other day.
Preferably, the Broussonetia papyrifera plants are watered with 100mM aqueous sodium chloride solution.
Further preferably, the content of sodium chloride in the culture medium in the step S2 is increased by 1.8-2 g/kg.
Even more preferably, the content of sodium chloride in the culture medium in the step S2 is increased by 2 g/kg.
Further preferably, the field water capacity of the culture medium in the step S3 is 25-30%.
Even more preferably, the culture medium field capacity of step S3 is 25%.
Preferably, the cultivation method of the multi-split-leaf paper mulberry bonsai further comprises the following steps: for the multi-split-leaf broussonetia papyrifera that has been successfully constructed, the multi-split-leaf broussonetia papyrifera is reconstructed by repeating step S3. Using the multi-split-leaf paper mulberry bonsai cultivated in the step S3 as a bonsai main plant, and landscaping other non-plant accessories in the bonsai according to personal preference; the landscape effect of the main plant broussonetia papyrifera can be maintained for 3-5 months. If the landscape of the broussonetia papyrifera in the whole bonsai effect is damaged by some uncontrollable external factors or the bonsai effect is wanted to be reconstructed, all leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera can be removed, the moisture control is carried out again under the condition that the salt content of the treatment solution is prevented from losing, and the effect of multiple broussonetia papyrifera can be achieved again after 15-20 days.
Preferably, the cultivation method of the two-year-old paper mulberry plant comprises the following specific steps:
transplanting seedlings formed by sprouting paper mulberry seeds into a flowerpot filled with a culture medium, wherein the culture medium comprises 70-80% of mixed medium and 20-30% of raw soil by mass percent, performing daily water irrigation to maintain the field water holding capacity of the culture medium to be 60-80%, meeting the water demand of paper mulberry plants, and culturing for 2 years to obtain the paper mulberry plants growing for two years; the mixed matrix is quartz sand and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 1: 1-1: 2, and the raw soil is 20-40 cm deep raw soil which is not fertilized or cultivated in a forest.
Further preferably, the culture medium is a mixed medium with the mass percent of 80% and raw soil with the mass percent of 20%; the mixed matrix is quartz sand and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 1: 1; the field water capacity of the culture medium is 60%.
The culture medium is a non-saline-alkali culture medium, and the content of sodium chloride is negligible.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the paper mulberry of the invention, as a main plant of the plant bonsai, has the characteristics of easily obtained materials, fast growth, stress tolerance and the like, and by utilizing the culture conditions of the invention, paper mulberry plants are enabled to be cultured under the proper infiltration condition: proper salt treatment for improving the content of sodium chloride in the culture medium by 1.8-2 g/kg, and proper drought treatment for improving the field water capacity of the culture medium by 25-30% after salt treatment to grow multi-cracked leaves; meanwhile, the proper permeation can delay the growth of the broussonetia papyrifera so as to prolong the landscape time of the plant bonsai of the broussonetia papyrifera and achieve the landscaping effect of the plant bonsai of the broussonetia papyrifera. Meanwhile, the whole method is simple and convenient to operate, the operation period is short, and the formed broussonetia papyrifera plant bonsai is large in later-stage plasticity and convenient to maintain.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a bonsai effect diagram constructed in embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which three thumbnails are examples of the generated cracked and missing leaves.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.
Example 1
1. Cultivation of paper mulberry
Transplanting seedlings formed by sprouting the broussonetia papyrifera seeds into a flowerpot capable of loading 4L of culture medium, wherein the culture medium comprises 80% of mixed medium and 20% of raw soil by mass, the mixed medium comprises quartz sand and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the raw soil is 20-40 cm deep raw soil which is not fertilized and cultivated in a forest. And performing daily water irrigation to maintain the field water capacity of the culture medium to be 60 percent and meet the water requirement of the paper mulberry plants.
2. Salt treatment of broussonetia papyrifera
Selecting broussonetia papyrifera cultivated for at least two years by using the cultivation method for salt treatment. The stem of the paper mulberry plant is over 5mm in thickness, and the height of the paper mulberry plant is over 25 cm. In the growing season of paper mulberry, the temperature is 20-35 ℃, the air humidity is 30-80%, and the illumination is 4000-20000 Lux, salt treatment is carried out on selected paper mulberry plants, and the specific steps of the salt treatment are as follows:
irrigating the broussonetia papyrifera plants by using a 100mM sodium chloride aqueous solution, and uniformly irrigating for 5-10 times in one month until the content of sodium chloride in the culture medium is increased by 2 g/kg; in the process of salt treatment, daily watering with water is carried out simultaneously, and the field water capacity of the culture medium is kept to be 60%; and in the watering process, the salt solution seeps from the bottom of the flowerpot to the flowerpot support, and is poured back to the corresponding flowerpot every other day so as to avoid the salt loss of the treatment solution.
3. Construction of multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai
Removing all leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera plants subjected to salt treatment, irrigating with water, and maintaining the field water capacity of the culture medium to be 25%; and in the watering process, salt solution leaks from the bottom of the flowerpot to the flowerpot support, the salt solution is poured back into the corresponding flowerpot every other day to avoid the loss of salt in the treatment solution, and after 15 days, a large number of deep-cracked and lacked leaves and some residual lacked leaves can grow on the paper mulberry, so that the effect of growing various cracked and lacked leaves on the paper mulberry stem is achieved, and the multi-cracked leaf paper mulberry bonsai with various cracked and lacked shapes and similar to the shape of manual trimming is formed. The constructed bonsai effect is shown in fig. 1.
Example 2
1. Cultivation of paper mulberry
The procedure is as in example 1.
2. Salt treatment of broussonetia papyrifera
The procedure is as in example 1. The only difference is that the sodium chloride content of the culture medium is 1.8 g/kg.
3. Construction of multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai
The procedure is as in example 1.
Example 3
1. Cultivation of paper mulberry
The procedure is as in example 1.
2. Salt treatment of broussonetia papyrifera
The procedure is as in example 1. The only difference is that the sodium chloride content in the culture medium is increased by 2.5 g/kg.
3. Construction of multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai
The procedure is as in example 1.
Example 4
1. Cultivation of paper mulberry
The procedure is as in example 1.
2. Salt treatment of broussonetia papyrifera
The procedure is as in example 1.
3. Construction of multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai
The procedure is as in example 1. The difference is only that the field water capacity is 35%.
Example 5
1. Cultivation of paper mulberry
Transplanting seedlings formed by sprouting the broussonetia papyrifera seeds into a flowerpot capable of loading 4L of culture medium, wherein the culture medium comprises 70% of mixed medium and 30% of raw soil by mass, the mixed medium comprises quartz sand and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 1:2, and the raw soil is 20-40 cm deep raw soil which is not fertilized and cultivated in a forest. And performing daily water irrigation to maintain the field water capacity of the culture medium to be 80%, so as to meet the water requirement of the paper mulberry plants.
2. Salt treatment of broussonetia papyrifera
Selecting broussonetia papyrifera cultivated for at least two years by using the cultivation method for salt treatment. The stem of the paper mulberry plant is over 5mm in thickness, and the height of the paper mulberry plant is over 25 cm. In the growing season of paper mulberry, the temperature is 20-35 ℃, the air humidity is 30-80%, and the illumination is 4000-20000 Lux, salt treatment is carried out on selected paper mulberry plants, and the specific steps of the salt treatment are as follows:
irrigating the broussonetia papyrifera plants by using a 100mM sodium chloride aqueous solution for multiple times until the content of sodium chloride in the culture medium is increased by 2 g/kg; in the process of salt treatment, daily watering with water is carried out simultaneously to maintain the field water capacity of the culture medium to be 80%; and in the watering process, the salt solution seeps from the bottom of the flowerpot to the flowerpot support, and is poured back to the corresponding flowerpot every other day so as to avoid the salt loss of the treatment solution.
3. Construction of multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai
Removing all leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera plants subjected to salt treatment, and irrigating with water to maintain the field water capacity of the culture medium to be 25%; and in the watering process, salt solution leaks from the bottom of the flowerpot to the flowerpot support, the salt solution is poured back into the corresponding flowerpot every other day to avoid the loss of salt in the treatment solution, and after 20 days, a large number of deep-cracked and lacked leaves and some residual lacked leaves grow on the paper mulberry, so that the effect of growing various cracked and lacked leaves on the paper mulberry stem is achieved, and the multi-cracked leaf paper mulberry bonsai with various cracked and lacked shapes and shapes similar to manual trimming is formed.
Example 6
After the multi-split-leaf paper mulberry bonsai of the embodiments 1 to 5 is completed, the bonsai effect can be maintained for 3 to 5 months. If the potted landscape effect is damaged by some uncontrollable external factors or the potted landscape effect is wanted to be reconstructed, all the leaves can be removed, and the water control treatment is carried out again under the condition of keeping the salinity of the culture medium. The multi-split-leaf paper mulberry bonsai effect can still be achieved after 15-20 days, and the split-leaf effect is basically consistent with that of the multi-split-leaf paper mulberry bonsai constructed before.
In the process of constructing the multi-split-leaf paper mulberry bonsai, the growth and the leaf condition of the multi-split-leaf paper mulberry are observed, and the leaf splitting ratio and the withered and yellow condition of the leaves are recorded. After 20 days of the drought treatment, the ratio of cracked leaves and the ratio of yellow leaves dead to yellow leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera obtained in examples 1 to 5 are shown in table 1. Yellow leaves and dead leaves refer to the dead leaves after the leaves become yellow.
TABLE 1 examples 1 to 5 ratio of leaves cracked and yellow leaves dead of broussonetia papyrifera
| Numbering | Leaf ratio (%) | Leaf yellow leaf withered ratio (%) |
| Example 1 | 89±4 | 13±2 |
| Example 2 | 84±7 | 12±4 |
| Example 3 | 87±4 | 15±3 |
| Example 4 | 83±8 | 10±5 |
| Example 5 | 86±5 | 14±3 |
Comparative example 1
1. Cultivation of paper mulberry
The procedure is as in example 1.
2. Salt treatment of broussonetia papyrifera
The procedure is as in example 1. The only difference is that the sodium chloride content of the culture medium is 1 g/kg.
3. Construction of multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai
The procedure is as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
1. Cultivation of paper mulberry
The procedure is as in example 1.
2. Salt treatment of broussonetia papyrifera
The procedure is as in example 1. The only difference is that the sodium chloride content of the culture medium is 4 g/kg.
3. Construction of multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai
The procedure is as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
1. Cultivation of paper mulberry
The procedure is as in example 1.
2. Salt treatment of broussonetia papyrifera
The procedure is as in example 1.
3. Construction of multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai
The procedure is as in example 1. The only difference is that the field water capacity of the culture medium is maintained at 15%.
Comparative example 4
1. Cultivation of paper mulberry
The procedure is as in example 1.
2. Salt treatment of broussonetia papyrifera
The procedure is as in example 1.
3. Construction of multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai
The procedure is as in example 1. The only difference is that the field water capacity of the culture medium is maintained at 40%.
Comparative example 5
1. Cultivation of paper mulberry
The procedure is as in example 1.
2. Salt treatment of broussonetia papyrifera
Only different from example 1 in that salt treatment was not performed.
3. Construction of multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai
The procedure is as in example 1.
Comparative example 6
1. Cultivation of paper mulberry
The procedure is as in example 1.
2. Salt treatment of broussonetia papyrifera
Only different from example 1 in that salt treatment was not performed.
3. Construction of multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai
The procedure is as in example 1. The only difference is that the blade is not removed.
Comparative example 7
1. Cultivation of paper mulberry
The procedure is as in example 1.
2. Salt treatment of broussonetia papyrifera
The procedure is as in example 1.
3. Construction of multi-leaf broussonetia papyrifera bonsai
The procedure is as in example 1. The difference is that the field water capacity of the culture medium is not reduced, and the field water capacity of the culture medium is maintained to be 60%.
Comparative example 8
And observing the growth and the leaf condition of the paper mulberry with multiple split leaves, and recording the leaf splitting ratio and the withered and yellow condition of the leaves. After 20 days of the drought treatment, the ratio of cracked leaves and the ratio of yellow leaves to withered leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera of comparative examples 1 to 7 are shown in table 2. Yellow leaves and dead leaves refer to the dead leaves after the leaves become yellow.
TABLE 2 comparison of leaf splitting ratio and leaf yellow leaf withering ratio of broussonetia papyrifera in examples 1 to 7
Note: "-" indicates that the leaves are seriously yellow and the parts will die finally, and the leaf ratio statistics are not carried out.
In conclusion, the multi-split-leaf paper mulberry bonsai can be quickly and stably constructed in 15-20 days by adopting proper salt treatment for increasing the content of sodium chloride in the culture medium by 1.8-2 g/kg and proper drought treatment for 25-30% of field water capacity of the culture medium after salt treatment, and the constructed bonsai can be maintained for 3-5 months.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method of a multi-split-leaf paper mulberry bonsai is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting at least two-year-old paper mulberry plants, improving the salt concentration of a culture medium for culturing the paper mulberry, then removing all leaves of the paper mulberry plants, reducing the field water capacity of the culture medium and keeping the field water capacity low, avoiding the salt loss of the culture medium in the process of keeping the field water capacity low, and growing leaves again.
2. The growing method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, selecting at least two-year-old paper mulberry plants
Selecting at least two-year-old broussonetia papyrifera plants which grow naturally or are artificially cultured;
s2, salt treatment of paper mulberry plants
In the growing season of the broussonetia papyrifera, performing salt treatment on selected broussonetia papyrifera plants, and specifically comprising the following steps:
irrigating the broussonetia papyrifera plants by using a sodium chloride aqueous solution, and uniformly irrigating the broussonetia papyrifera plants 5-10 times in one month until the content of sodium chloride in the culture medium is increased by 1.8-2.5 g/kg; in the salt treatment process, daily water irrigation is carried out simultaneously to keep the field water capacity of the culture medium to be 60-80%;
s3, constructing the potted landscape of the broussonetia papyrifera
Removing all leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera plants subjected to salt treatment, irrigating with water, maintaining the field water capacity of the culture medium to be 25-35%, and obtaining the broussonetia papyrifera plants after 15-20 days;
in the process of water pouring described in steps S2 and S3, the salt solution seeped from the bottom of the culture medium container is poured back into the corresponding container again, so as to avoid the salt loss of the treatment solution.
3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the content of sodium chloride in the culture medium of step S2 is increased by 1.8-2 g/kg.
4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the content of NaCl in the culture medium is increased by 2g/kg in step S2.
5. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water capacity of the culture medium in the field of step S3 is 25-30%.
6. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the water holding capacity of the culture substrate in the field of step S3 is 25%.
7. The cultivation method as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the multi-split broussonetia papyrifera tree can be reconstructed by repeating step S3.
8. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the cultivation method of the two-year-old paper mulberry plant comprises the following specific steps:
transplanting seedlings formed by sprouting paper mulberry seeds into a flowerpot filled with a culture medium, wherein the culture medium comprises 70-80% of mixed medium and 20-30% of raw soil by mass percent, performing daily water irrigation to maintain the field water holding capacity of the culture medium to be 60-80%, and culturing for 2 years to obtain two-year-old paper mulberry plants; the mixed matrix is quartz sand and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 1: 1-1: 2, and the raw soil is 20-40 cm deep raw soil which is not fertilized or cultivated in a forest.
9. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the culture medium is a mixture of 80% by mass of the culture medium and 20% by mass of the culture medium.
10. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the mixed matrix is quartz sand and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
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| 列志？等: "盐胁迫对树木生长影响研究综述", 《世界林业研究》 * |
| 张吉献: "浅谈盆景养护与生长相关性", 《花木盆景(盆景赏石)》 * |
| 彭献军等: "构树:一种新型木本模式植物", 《植物学报》 * |
| 杨帆等: "土壤盐胁迫对构树幼苗生理特性的影响", 《江西农业大学学报》 * |
| 郁书君等: "杜鹃无土栽培基质配方的研究", 《园艺学报》 * |
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