JP2010268735A - Cultivation method for keeping freshness of leaf bud of japanese pepper after picking - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that germinated leaf buds, which are grown with chemical fertilizer or insecticide after sowing seeds of Japanese pepper on an open field or a farm field and picked to be supplied to a produce terminal of a distribution channel, cause shrinkage or color deterioration within about 6 days after picking, being used at end restaurants in only 1-2 days for expiration date, therefore the leaf buds are limited to be used only by restaurants in areas near the habitat. <P>SOLUTION: The Japanese pepper is sowed on the farm field, with a nutritional supplement supplied as fertilizer but no sterilization insecticide; the seeds are covered with a sheet such as lawn cloth via an aggregate; the opening/closing of the sheet is adjusted toward strong wind and rain or sunshine; the Japanese pepper trees on a cultivation frame are disposed in the greenhouse before germination of the leaf buds; nutritional aqueous solution is supplied to the trees by intermittently spraying while purifying and circulating the solution; the germinated leaf buds are sequentially picked; and the buds are charged and soaked into aqueous solution of mixture of alum and trehalose. The leaf buds are housed in closely sealed containers, and distributed by a cool-storage vehicle or the like. Thus, the leaf buds maintain the condition free from deterioration in freshness and color for 16-18 days after picking. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The buds (young leaves) of yam (hereinafter referred to as salamander) are precious as spices, and the buds of the trees wilt or shrink quickly after picking, but try to keep this freshness by suppressing this atrophy as much as possible. It relates to the cultivation method.

Tree sprouts are mainly added to various foods and mixed in cooked foods, and their quality and shelf life vary greatly depending on the cultivation method. Salamander trees are naturally sensitive to the environment and easily invaded by bacteria, and when fertilizing chemical fertilizers and nutrients for growth like crops and vegetables in large quantities, the tree vigor tends to deteriorate. Under such circumstances, the shoots of trees collected from salamander trees planted in the surrounding farms are currently being supplied and sold mainly in the urban areas of the growing areas.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-137171, page 1, section 2 Preservation of raw raw vegetables uses organic acids such as acetic acid and malic acid and aqueous solutions of preservatives such as organic hydrochloric acid such as sodium acetate, sodium malate and alum. It is characterized by immersing raw vegetables in about 5-10 minutes. JP, 2005-104961, pp. 2 A sheet that maintains the freshness of cut flowers is provided with a base sheet, to which an aluminum compound such as aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, and potassium alum and a saccharide are adhered, and adhesive peeling is performed thereon. A laminated sheet to which a protective film made of synthetic resin having adhesive properties is adhered is formed, and cut flowers are inserted into a container containing water. They dissolve in water and retain some of the freshness of cut flowers.

There are no special books or newspapers on how to maintain the freshness of cultivated salamander trees and how to grow them. However, the shoots of the picked tree are immersed in an alum aqueous solution, drained and stored directly in a wooden box while being stored in a wooden box, or sold individually.

    We cultivated while exploring various cultivation methods from the above situation. It was stored and dried, and the seeds of the salamander were taken out and, after a predetermined preparatory treatment, 20 grains were divided into 3 sections and sown in the middle of March. Then, according to the conventional habits, the nutrients for growing were fertilized to the normal degree, respectively, and the buds of the trees sprouted in late June were picked, stored in a wooden box, and placed in a cool dark place or refrigerator. However, when 5-6 days passed, it shrank and began to change color.

  To cultivate in the field of another section while growing in the same manner as the first experimental cultivation, different amounts of bactericidal insecticide were administered to the root. However, the vitality of the stems and tree buds deteriorated somewhat before the time of picking the tree buds at the same time as the first trial cultivation, and discoloration and atrophy occurred after 5 days after the tree shoots were picked.

  Furthermore, the buds of the harvested trees obtained by the first experimental cultivation method were immersed in an alum aqueous solution that has long been used as a freshness-preserving agent for cut flowers and stored in a refrigerator or cold dark room for 8 to 9 days. The degree could keep freshness. However, this cultivation method cannot be applied to the commercial distribution industry, and is only sold locally and individually.

As a result of examining the test cultivation as described above, it is necessary for the growth nutrient to be subjected to a cultivation treatment that matches the properties of the salamander, and in particular, the fungi in the salamander without using a fungicide. It is intended to overcome the problem of improving the shelf life after pruning the tree by carrying out a cultivation process that suppresses the growth of potato and prevents bacteria and pests from entering as much as possible.

  The embodiment of the present invention will be described. A fruit planted in mid-August is collected from a salamander planted in an open field or the like. The fruit is dried before sowing, and the skin is removed. The seeds that have been spontaneously dormant after being stored in a low temperature room of about 5 ° C after being buried in a shallow case laid with moist vermiculite have improved germination rate in advance. Therefore, after removing the oil layer on the surface and exposing it to running water for 2-3 days, it is usually sown in the middle of March.

  In anticipation of seeding on a relatively large scale in the field, seeding was carried out twice every 10 days. This is because it is not suitable for the use of work vehicles and machines throughout the salamander cultivation, and even a small number of manual workers can perform their work smoothly without excessive labor.

  The field is well-watered, and after sowing, inverted U-shaped aggregates are erected in sequence to cover the cold-cold-shaped sheet. This controls sunlight exposure, suppresses the damage of young trees due to strong winds and heavy rains, prevents the invasion of fungi and pests, and already exists in the soil without supplying bactericides and insecticides to the salamander and roots It prevents the invasion of fungi and bacteria such as Alternaria genus and Cladosphorium genus, prevents the fungus from invading into the tree trunk to cause breaks and cuts, and prevents the deterioration of tree growth. It is the best cultivation method because of its nature.

  In the seeding part of the field, the amount of fertilizer as a nutrient was about less than the amount supplied to flowering trees (400 kg of compost per 100 square meters, 60 kg of chicken manure, 16 kg of oil cake, 30 kg of limestone lime, etc.) to promote growth. When the supply of these fertilizers becomes excessive, the environment-sensitive salamander trees will deteriorate, so that the trunk and roots can grow smoothly.

  Salamander seeds sown in the field are prevented from invading by external bacteria, and a very small number of fungi originally present in the seeds do not proliferate during the branching of the seedlings. And just before the bud of a tree germinates, it digs up with a thin root, A part is transferred to the following hydroponics. The remaining large amount of salamander is stored in a cold greenhouse or refrigerator set at a temperature of 5 ° C. and allowed to sleep, and if necessary, it is taken out and transferred to a hydroponics process, allowing cultivation for the whole year.

  Salamander seedlings excavated from the soil field are transferred to the hydroponics field. The cultivation field is covered with a transparent sheet and provided at a room temperature set within a temperature range of 10 ° C to 28 ° C. In the greenhouse, as shown in FIG. 1, a cultivation frame 1 is provided in which salamander trees are arrayed and sprayed with a spray nutrient solution.

  The cultivation frame 1 is provided with an outflow groove 3 on a floor surface 2 of mortar concrete, and a rectangular housing frame composed of a plurality of support columns 4 and beam members 5 and 6 is formed on the outflow groove 3. A two-stage holding plate 8 on which a large number of salamander trees 7 are arranged side by side is provided in two stages on the cross member provided on both sides of the housing frame. The holding plate 8 is a length that extends over the entire length of the cultivation frame 1, the upper plate portion 9 has an elevation angle of 50 ° to 60 ° from the horizontal direction toward the upper outside, and the lower plate portion is horizontal inward and downward. It is disposed at an angle of 50 ° to 60 ° from the direction. A salam stem portion is adhered and fixed to the upper plate portion of the holding plate 8 with an adhesive tape 10, for example. A feed pipe 14 for a nutrient aqueous solution 13 is provided on the lower surface of the transparent top wall 12 made of a synthetic resin of the frame 1, and then supply pipes 15 and 16, which are composed of a long pipe and a short pipe, are provided below, and an upper part is provided at the lower end. A rotatable spray nozzle 17 is provided with four jets facing the nozzle. On the upper side and both sides of the discharge groove 3 in the cultivation frame 1, wire meshes 18, 19, 20 of about 20 to 30 mesh are provided to prevent outflow of fallen leaves, bark dust and the like. The sprayed mist-like nutrient aqueous solution becomes liquid while feeding the salamander tree, passes through the wire mesh, and flows down to the discharge groove 3. Although the extension destination of the groove 3 is not shown in the figure, it is further flowed down by its own weight and stored in a storage tank while being cleaned by providing a dust net.

  Although not shown, the purified nutrient solution in the storage tank is intermittently fed to the spray nozzle 17 in the cultivation frame 1 by a pump operated by an electrical suppression circuit.

  The mist-like nutrient aqueous solution spouted outward from the spray nozzle 17 arranged in the upper position is supplied to the root of the salamander on the upper holding plate while dropping and is on the lower holding plate 8 from the spray nozzle 17 in the lower position. Supply to the root of salamander to promote germination and growth. The spray liquid filled in the cultivation frame 1 protects the stalks wetly, and the spray liquid that scatters outside the frame does not cause a sense of incongruity in the picking operation. Provide.

  The spray nutrient solution is intermittently diffused, but this is a long tradition, but it is said that naturally grown salamanders in mountains and open areas are well-drained and suitable for appropriate rainfall and shaded land environments. . Therefore, the nutrient aqueous solution is not excessively supplied, and it is not appropriate to supply pressure water.

  As mentioned above, the hydroponically cultivated salamander tree grows and grows in a few days. Workers can work in a large greenhouse without stretching their backs or bending their hips forward. Then, put a small amount of aluminum compound and an aqueous solution mixed with saccharides such as trehalose into tap water in a plastic plastic cup-like container, and the other hand automatically opens like tweezers, and the tip is sharp. A cutting tool having a blade is used. The cutting position is for cutting the base part of the tree bud or the base part of the petiole having the tree bud according to the demand of the customer. The technique is to place a container under the tree buds so that the cut tree buds fall under their own weight. After about 30 minutes have passed after immersing the tree buds in the container, pick them up and collect them in a large collection container and store them in an appropriate amount in a container for sale, or pack the tree buds directly taken up in a container for sale. It is going.

When stored in a container for sale, it is shipped by a cold / hot truck. The container for sale is made of a polyurethane container having a shallow bottom of about 10 to 12 cm in length and 8 to 5 cm in width and a transparent polystyrene lid that is relatively closely attached. The container for sale is taken out on the same day or the next day after it is picked up, and reaches a remote wholesale store in about 2 to 3 days. To be provided, it can be kept fresh and active for about 16 to 18 days from the date of trimming.

In the soil cultivation process of the present invention, various nutrients were supplied as fertilizer, but no bactericidal insecticide was given. And he tried to prevent the invasion of bacteria and pests as much as possible by breaking the roots and stems due to strong winds, heavy rains, etc. Although the salamander tree originally contains a very small amount of bacteria, the above-described means is a cultivation method that acts to indirectly suppress its growth.

When excavating a salamander from the field, there is a root-cut phenomenon, but it is immediately placed on the frame of hydroponics, sprayed and supplied to the purified nutrient solution, so bacteria from the root-cut wound Will not cause the quality of the salamander to deteriorate. Then, the buds of the trees that sprout one after another are picked from the ones that have grown properly, and after about 120 days, the number of buds on the tree decreases, and the dormant treatment is performed when the number of tree buds suitable for collection disappears. Or give up. Then, a newly dug up young tree or a dormant salamander is placed in the cultivation frame and the buds of the next tree are plucked.

No bactericidal insecticide is used throughout this hydroponics process, but nutrients as growth elements do not become elements that allow the very small number of bacteria inherent in the salamander tree to grow. Furthermore, although tap water originally has a disinfectant called chlorine, it does not harm the human body, and the amount of use is low as well as a very small amount. Therefore, the maintenance of the freshness of the bud of a tree cannot be reduced.

Smoothing the cut surface of the tree buds with a sharp blade improves the absorption of the aluminum compound in the aqueous solution. Furthermore, sugars such as trehalose provide vitality to the tree, and aluminum compounds strengthen the salamander cell membrane and retain the vitality of the tree buds during delivery. These have been used for a long time, but it is extremely preferable that they can be immediately immersed in these aqueous solutions at the time of cutting. Such an aqueous solution has no adverse effect on the salamander tree and the buds of the tree, and the freshness thereof is extremely suitably maintained.

As described above, salamanders cultivated by the treatment process consisting of soil culture and hydroponics are not only rejecting the administration of bactericides and insecticides, following the traditional wisdom. The type and amount of the growth nutrient to be prevented and administered are controlled to a relatively small amount while considering the growth of the tree, and the freshness of the tree buds is maintained. As a result, the shoots of pruned trees with extremely few pests and bacteria retain their freshness in about 16 to 18 days, are not discolored, and can be used at the end restaurants with a margin as an aromatic material similar to that at the time of pruning. It has become possible.

Perspective view

In the present invention, the soil is cultivated by sowing seeds in a field and supplying a nutrient as a fertilizer and protecting them from the environment with chills and cold storms. Next, before the germination of the tree, hydroponic cultivation processing is performed in which the sprouts of the sprouted tree are sequentially cut out while the spray body made of the aqueous solution of the nutrient solution is intermittently purified and supplied intermittently in the housing of the greenhouse. Then, the pruned tree buds are immersed in an aluminum compound or saccharide solution, and then stored in a draining container and placed in a distribution process.

In soil cultivation that is sown in a farm field or a mountainous stepland, firstly, nutrients for growth such as compost, chicken manure, and oil cake are supplied as fertilizers. Currently, at least four of these nutrients are used.

In the field with seeds and nutrients, inverted U-shaped aggregates are arranged at intervals, and then covered with a cold chill or awning sheet to prevent damage caused by drastic changes in the environment such as sunlight and storms, Prevent invasion of harmful bacteria. The grown salamanders are dug up immediately before the buds germinate and are transferred to hydroponics.

The hydroponics treatment is provided with a cultivation frame 1 at room temperature operated by an electrical control circuit in a room temperature range of 10 ° C. to 28 ° C., and the saplings are arranged and fixed on the holding plate 8 of the frame 1. The nutrient aqueous solution is intermittently sprayed while being circulated and purified, and supplied to the root portion. This will cause the buds of the tree to germinate sequentially.

The nutrient aqueous solution to be sprayed is nitrogen 8 me / L, phosphorus 2 me / L, potassium 4 me / L, calcium 4 me / L, and other trace amounts of magnesium and iron mixed in tap water. This nutrient aqueous solution is intermittently sprayed on the root of the salamander while being purified. In intermittent water supply, the nutrient aqueous solution is sprayed for about 50 seconds after a rest period of 25 minutes. As a result, the tree sprouts are picked up sequentially.

The plucked tree buds are put into a container containing aluminum compound and trehalose in tap water. The aluminum compound is alum composed of powders of aluminum ammonium sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate and alumite. This is mixed in an amount of 0.2% by weight with respect to water. Trehalose is a saccharide and is 2.0% by weight mixed in water. The plucked tree buds are put into a container containing such an aqueous solution and immersed for about 30 minutes or more. Then, they are once collected in an integrated casing or directly placed in a semi-sealed synthetic resin sales container and shipped to a distribution mechanism such as a cooling car.

Industrial applicability

Part of the cultivation treatment process of the present invention is used for flowers, vegetables and the like, but it is difficult to use the entire process. The most used are flower trees, but the ornamental flowers are different from the buds of the trees that are actually ingested.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation frame body 2 Floor surface 3 Outflow ditch 4 Support pillar 5 Beam material 6 〃
7 Salamander 8 Holding plate 9 Upper plate 10 Adhesive tape 11
12
13 Nutrient solution (nutrient solution)
14 Supply pipe 15 Spray nozzle 16, 17, 18 Wire mesh

Claims (4)

Seeds of salamander in the field, etc. are supplied with nutrients for growth. On the upper side, roughly inverted U-shaped aggregates are arranged at appropriate intervals. A sheet is arranged so as to be openable and closable, covers the seeds, grows and digs up just before the buds of the trees germinate. The excavated salamander tree 7 is arranged on a holding plate 8 provided in the cultivation frame 1 in the greenhouse. Then, the nutrient solution is intermittently supplied in the form of a spray to germinate the tree buds. Next, the germinated tree buds are immersed in an aqueous solution mixed with an aluminum compound and a saccharide for about 30 minutes, and then taken out and stored in a container for sale. A freshness-maintaining cultivation method after cutting off the buds of a mountain tree. The nutrient for growth is selectively used in at least three types of 75% by weight of compost, 11% by weight of chicken manure, 5% by weight of oil cake, 5% by weight of lime lime, and 4% by weight of grass ash. The freshness-maintaining cultivation method after pruning the buds of a mountain birch tree according to claim 1. 2. The pruning of buds of yamatake trees according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient aqueous solution for growth includes nitrogen 8 me / L, phosphorus 2 me / L, potassium 4 me / L, calcium 4 me / L, and trace amounts of magnesium and iron. Later freshness maintenance cultivation method. The aluminum compound mixed in the aqueous solution penetrating the plucked tree buds consists of 0.2% by weight of myoban consisting of ammonium ammonium sulfate and potassium aluminum sulfate, and trehalose consists of 2.0% by weight of sugars that activate the tree buds. The freshness-maintaining cultivation method after pruning the buds of the mountain birch tree according to claim 1.

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