CN109041856B - Method for cultivating melon crops by utilizing pumpkin grafting cultivation - Google Patents
Method for cultivating melon crops by utilizing pumpkin grafting cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN109041856B CN109041856B CN201810953149.XA CN201810953149A CN109041856B CN 109041856 B CN109041856 B CN 109041856B CN 201810953149 A CN201810953149 A CN 201810953149A CN 109041856 B CN109041856 B CN 109041856B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
A method for utilizing pumpkin to graft and cultivate melon crop, including the seed germination accelerating of the pumpkin, pumpkin seedling growing, watermelon seed germination accelerating, watermelon seedling growing, pumpkin seedling leaf-cutting, graft, maintenance, the invention fully utilizes the developed root system and stronger absorption capacity and conductance ability of the pumpkin, improve the survival rate of grafting, can prevent the watermelon from because of the dead seedling that the blight causes effectively, thus solve the problem that the continuous cropping of the watermelon land can't be continued and realize high-yield steady production; moreover, when the grafting surface of the watermelon scion is processed, a beveling mode with large surface area and good butt joint with a pumpkin jack is formed by adopting a beveling mode with two cutters and three surfaces, so that the grafting survival rate of the watermelon and the pumpkin is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grafting, in particular to a method for cultivating melon crops by utilizing pumpkin grafting cultivation.
Background
The watermelon grafting cultivation can not only improve the blight resistance of the watermelon, but also effectively prevent the seedling death of the watermelon caused by blight, thereby solving the problem that continuous cropping and continuous cropping of the watermelon field can not be realized, and realizing high and stable yield; and the low temperature resistance of the watermelon can be improved by grafting and changing roots, the growth vigor is enhanced, and the early spring cultivation of the watermelon is facilitated, so that the watermelon can be sold in the market in the early season. At present, the pumpkin and the calabash are commonly used for grafting cultivation of the watermelon, the root system of a grafted seedling is developed, the absorption capacity and the transmission capacity are enhanced, meanwhile, the overground part of the grafted seedling grows vigorously, the leaf area is increased, and the photosynthesis is enhanced; and the root system of the stock of the grafted seedling is strong, and the fertilizer absorption capacity is enhanced, so that the fertilizer can be saved. The grafting operation is very critical in the grafting cultivation process, if the operation is improper, the problems of watermelon fusarium wilt and low yield are easy to occur, and the survival rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
There is a need for a method for cultivating melon crops by grafting pumpkins, which has the advantages of high grafting survival rate, small fertilizer consumption and high and stable yield.
A method for cultivating melon crops by utilizing pumpkin grafting cultivation comprises the following steps:
accelerating germination of pumpkin seeds: soaking the pumpkin seeds in the nutrient solution for 5-6h for one time to break the dormancy period of the seeds and promote rooting, putting the pumpkin seeds soaked for one time into a germination accelerating room, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃ and accelerating germination for 12-17 h;
culturing pumpkin seedlings: sowing the sprouted pumpkin seeds in a matrix, and soaking the sprouted pumpkin seeds in disinfectant for 5-6h twice before sowing;
accelerating germination of watermelon seeds: soaking watermelon seeds in a nutrient solution for 7-8h for one time to break the dormancy stage of the seeds and promote rooting, putting the soaked watermelon seeds into a germination accelerating chamber, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃ and accelerating germination for 12-17 h;
watermelon seedling culture: the watermelon seeds after germination acceleration are planted in soil, and are soaked in disinfectant for 7-8h for the second time before sowing;
cutting leaves of pumpkin seedlings: when the true leaves of the pumpkin seedlings grow to 1-1.5cm, cutting the cotyledons of the pumpkin seedlings, and removing at least more than 1/2 of the cotyledons of the pumpkin seedlings, so that the aims of inhibiting the vegetative growth of the pumpkin seedlings and promoting the reproductive growth of the pumpkin seedlings are fulfilled, the nutrition of the cotyledons of the pumpkin seedlings is gathered to a growth center, and the reproductive growth is promoted;
grafting: selecting watermelon seedlings as scions and pumpkin seedlings as rootstocks, firstly, carrying out two-edge and three-edge beveling on stems of the watermelon seedlings by using a blade to form grafting surfaces, then picking up and removing seedling cores of the pumpkin seedlings by using a thin bamboo stick, obliquely inserting the stems from top to bottom by 45 degrees by using the thin bamboo stick after the seedling cores are removed, inserting a jack, and then inserting the grafting surfaces of the scions into the jack so that all the grafting surfaces of the scions enter the jack;
wherein, the watermelon seedling stems 2-3cm below the watermelon seedling leaves are flat cylinders with two side edges, and the mode of beveling the two cutters and the three surfaces is as follows: taking one side edge of the stem of the watermelon seedling as a starting point, beveling the stem to the left lower side for a time, and beveling the stem to the right lower side for a time to form a triangular cone body consisting of two cutting surfaces and one non-cutting surface;
and (5) maintenance: maintaining the grafted seedling mulching film after grafting for three days, uncovering the mulching film on the first day after three days of maintenance, illuminating for half an hour, checking humidity, supplementing sprinkling water according to the humidity, continuing to cover the mulching film, uncovering the mulching film on the second day, illuminating for 40 minutes, checking the humidity, supplementing sprinkling water according to the humidity, continuing to cover the mulching film, uncovering the mulching film on the third day, illuminating for 50 minutes, checking the humidity, supplementing sprinkling water according to the humidity, continuing to cover the mulching film, analogizing by the way, gradually increasing the time of uncovering the mulching film every day, supplementing sprinkling water according to the humidity, and after the seventh day, uncovering the mulching film at night, covering the mulching film in the daytime, removing the mulching film, and managing according to a water and fertilizer process.
The method fully utilizes developed root systems and strong absorption capacity and transmission capacity of the pumpkins, improves the grafting survival rate, and can effectively prevent the seedlings of the watermelons from being dead due to blight, thereby solving the problem that continuous cropping and continuous cropping of the watermelons cannot be realized and realizing high and stable yield; moreover, when the grafting surface of the watermelon scion is processed, a beveling mode with large surface area and good butt joint with a pumpkin jack is formed by adopting a beveling mode with two cutters and three surfaces, so that the grafting survival rate of the watermelon and the pumpkin is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a two-blade three-face beveling scheme employed in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another angle of the two-blade three-sided chamfer style employed in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of a two-blade, three-sided beveling approach employed in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front view of a prior art opposing blade cut.
Fig. 5 is a left side view of a prior art opposing blade cut.
FIG. 6 is a front view of a prior art knife chamfer cut.
FIG. 7 is a left side view of a prior art knife chamfer.
In the figure: the watermelon seedling comprises a stem 10, a lateral edge 11 and an inclined plane 12.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for cultivating a melon crop by grafting a pumpkin, including the following steps:
accelerating germination of pumpkin seeds: soaking the pumpkin seeds in the nutrient solution for 5-6h for one time to break seed dormancy and promote rooting, putting the soaked pumpkin seeds into a germination accelerating chamber, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃ and accelerating germination for 12-17 h;
culturing pumpkin seedlings: sowing the sprouted pumpkin seeds in a matrix, and soaking the sprouted pumpkin seeds in disinfectant for 5-6h twice before sowing;
accelerating germination of watermelon seeds: soaking watermelon seeds in a nutrient solution for 7-8h for one time to break seed dormancy and promote rooting, putting the soaked watermelon seeds into a germination accelerating chamber, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃ and accelerating germination for 12-17 h;
watermelon seedling culture: the watermelon seeds after germination acceleration are planted in soil, and are soaked in disinfectant for 7-8h for the second time before sowing;
cutting leaves of pumpkin seedlings: when the true leaves of the pumpkin seedlings grow to 1-1.5cm, cutting the cotyledons of the pumpkin seedlings, and removing at least more than 1/2 of the cotyledons of the pumpkin seedlings, so that the aims of inhibiting the vegetative growth of the pumpkin seedlings and promoting the reproductive growth of the pumpkin seedlings are fulfilled, the nutrition of the cotyledons of the pumpkin seedlings is gathered to a growth center, and the reproductive growth is promoted;
grafting: selecting watermelon seedlings as scions and pumpkin seedlings as rootstocks, firstly, carrying out two-edge and three-edge beveling on stems of the watermelon seedlings by using a blade to form grafting surfaces, then picking up and removing seedling cores of the pumpkin seedlings by using a thin bamboo stick, obliquely inserting the stems from top to bottom by using the thin bamboo stick for 45 degrees, inserting a jack, inserting the grafting surfaces of the scions into the jack, and enabling all the grafting surfaces of the scions to enter the jack;
wherein, the watermelon seedling stem 10 is a flat cylinder with two side edges 11, and the mode of beveling the two knives and the three sides is as follows: taking a lateral edge 11 of a watermelon seedling stem 10 which is 2-3cm below a watermelon seedling leaf as a starting point, obliquely cutting the left lower side for a time, and further obliquely cutting the right lower side for a time to form a triangular cone body consisting of two cutting surfaces and one uncut cutting surface;
the two-knife three-face beveling mode has the advantages that:
firstly, the surface area of the two cutting planes formed by cutting is large, so that the length of the blade extending along the length direction of the stem can be short and a large area can be obtained during beveling, and in order to obtain a large cutting plane, the length of the blade cutting along the length direction of the stem is usually elongated in the prior art by adopting a mode of beveling with one knife, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, so that the length of the cutting plane is long, and when the blade is inserted into the jack, the blade is larger than the depth of the jack, so that the top of the cutting plane leaks above the jack, the grafting plane is not completely wrapped by the jack, the leaked cutting plane solution is infected by bacteria and viruses, and the grafting survival rate is low. In the invention, the length of the cutting surfaces is shorter than the depth of the jacks, the surface areas of the two cutting surfaces are larger and at least can be larger than the surface areas of the cutting surfaces, the cutting surfaces are in complete contact with tissues in the jacks of the pumpkin seedlings, the contact surface is large, the nutrition of the pumpkin seedlings in the jacks can be absorbed, and the survival rate is high;
secondly, after cutting, a triangular cone body is formed by two inclined planes 12 and an arc-shaped plane, and the cone body is provided with a tip end, so that the resistance is smaller when the cone body is inserted into the insertion hole; the tip of the vertebral body includes an outer wall of the stem, thus increasing the strength of the tip without damaging the tip when inserted into the receptacle. However, in the prior art, two cutters are used for cutting relatively, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, although the area of the formed cutting plane is large, a line is formed at the intersection of the two opposite cutting planes, so that when the cutting tool is inserted, the resistance is large, the intersection line or the side surface is easily damaged, the contact with the jack is poor, and the survival rate is low.
The invention adopts a mode of beveling the two-knife and three-surface to the scion, and is suitable for non-solanaceae plants such as watermelon, balsam pear, melon, cantaloupe, cucumber and the like.
And (5) maintenance: maintaining the grafted seedling mulching film after grafting for three days, uncovering the mulching film on the first day after three days of maintenance, illuminating for half an hour, checking humidity, supplementing sprinkling water according to the humidity, continuing to cover the mulching film, uncovering the mulching film on the second day, illuminating for 40 minutes, checking the humidity, supplementing sprinkling water according to the humidity, continuing to cover the mulching film, uncovering the mulching film on the third day, illuminating for 50 minutes, checking the humidity, supplementing sprinkling water according to the humidity, continuing to cover the mulching film, analogizing by the way, gradually increasing the time of uncovering the mulching film every day, supplementing sprinkling water according to the humidity, uncovering the mulching film at night and covering the mulching film in the daytime by the seventh day and later.
Further, the nutrient solution used in the first soaking in the steps of 'pumpkin seed germination acceleration' and 'watermelon seed germination acceleration' is a sodium phenolate solution for multiple sale, and the sodium phenolate solution for multiple sale is prepared by dripping a drop of sodium phenolate for multiple sale in one kilogram of water. Or the nutrient solution is prepared by adding 10 jin of water into 3ml of 2.5 percent Aiduo.
Further, the disinfectant used in the second soaking in the steps of 'seedling raising of pumpkin seedlings' and 'seedling raising of watermelon seedlings' is a carbendazim solution, and the carbendazim solution is prepared by adding 15g of carbendazim and 15g of thiram into one kilogram of water. Or the disinfection solution is prepared by adding 1ml of Miao bacterium dichlord into 1000ml of water for dilution and blending.
Further, in the step of 'seedling raising of watermelon seedlings', the time of sowing the watermelon seeds in the soil is 6 days after the time of sowing the pumpkin seeds in the soil.
Further, in the step of cutting the leaves of the pumpkin seedlings, sterilizing agents are sprayed on the cut surfaces of the cotyledons after the cotyledons of the pumpkin seedlings are cut, and the pumpkin seedlings are placed for 24-36 hours. Because the cut leaves damage the pumpkin seedlings, 24-36 hours are reserved for the pumpkin seedlings to be recovered by wound nourishing, the wound healing is promoted, and the continuous damage to the pumpkin seedlings caused by the insertion of the holes immediately after the leaves are cut is avoided.
Furthermore, in the step of grafting, the pumpkin seedlings are sprayed with water in the previous day, the water content of the pumpkin seedlings is kept sufficient, water is not sprayed on the day when the grafting of the grafted seedlings is finished, and the tissue surfaces of the grafted surfaces and the insertion holes are prevented from being stained with water.
Further, the end of the thin bamboo stick used in the "grafting" step is shaped as a triangular pyramid formed of two inclined planes and one arc-shaped plane, the pyramid having a tip so that the end of the insertion hole is formed in the same shape as the grafting surface of the scion.
The modules or units in the device of the embodiment of the invention can be combined, divided and deleted according to actual needs.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for cultivating melon crops by grafting pumpkin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
accelerating germination of pumpkin seeds: soaking the pumpkin seeds in the nutrient solution for 5-6h for one time to break the dormancy period of the seeds and promote rooting, putting the pumpkin seeds soaked for one time into a germination accelerating room, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃ and accelerating germination for 12-17 h;
culturing pumpkin seedlings: sowing the sprouted pumpkin seeds in a matrix, and soaking the sprouted pumpkin seeds in disinfectant for 5-6h twice before sowing;
accelerating germination of watermelon seeds: soaking watermelon seeds in a nutrient solution for 7-8h for one time to break the dormancy stage of the seeds and promote rooting, putting the soaked watermelon seeds into a germination accelerating chamber, keeping the temperature at 30 ℃ and accelerating germination for 12-17 h;
watermelon seedling culture: the watermelon seeds after germination acceleration are planted in soil, and are soaked in disinfectant for 7-8h for the second time before sowing;
cutting leaves of pumpkin seedlings: when the main leaves of the pumpkin seedlings grow to 1-1.5cm, cutting the cotyledons of the pumpkin seedlings, and removing more than 1/2 of the cotyledons of the pumpkin seedlings, so that the aims of inhibiting the vegetative growth of the pumpkin seedlings and promoting the reproductive growth of the pumpkin seedlings are fulfilled, the nutrition of the cotyledons of the pumpkin seedlings is gathered to a growth center, and the reproductive growth is promoted;
grafting: selecting watermelon seedlings as scions and pumpkin seedlings as rootstocks, firstly, carrying out two-edge and three-edge beveling on stems of the watermelon seedlings by using a blade to form grafting surfaces, then picking up and removing seedling cores of the pumpkin seedlings by using a thin bamboo stick, obliquely inserting the stems from top to bottom by 45 degrees by using the thin bamboo stick after the seedling cores are removed, inserting a jack, and then inserting the grafting surfaces of the scions into the jack so that all the grafting surfaces of the scions enter the jack;
wherein, the watermelon seedling stems 2-3cm below the watermelon seedling leaves are flat cylinders with two side edges, and the mode of beveling the two cutters and the three surfaces is as follows: taking one side edge of the stem of the watermelon seedling as a starting point, beveling the stem to the left lower side for a time, and beveling the stem to the right lower side for a time to form a triangular cone body consisting of two cutting surfaces and one non-cutting surface;
and (5) maintenance: maintaining the grafted seedling mulching film after grafting for three days, uncovering the mulching film on the first day after three days of maintenance, illuminating for half an hour, checking humidity, supplementing sprinkling water according to the humidity, continuing to cover the mulching film, uncovering the mulching film on the second day, illuminating for 40 minutes, checking the humidity, supplementing sprinkling water according to the humidity, continuing to cover the mulching film, uncovering the mulching film on the third day, illuminating for 50 minutes, checking the humidity, supplementing sprinkling water according to the humidity, continuing to cover the mulching film, analogizing by the way, gradually increasing the time of uncovering the mulching film every day, supplementing sprinkling water according to the humidity, uncovering the mulching film at night and covering the mulching film in the daytime by the seventh day and later.
2. The method for cultivating melon crops by grafting pumpkin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the nutrient solution used for one-time soaking in the steps of 'pumpkin seed germination acceleration' and 'watermelon seed germination acceleration' is a sodium phenolate solution for double sale, and the sodium phenolate solution for double sale is prepared by dripping one drop of sodium phenolate for double sale in one kilogram of water.
3. The method for cultivating melon crops by grafting pumpkin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the disinfectant used in the secondary soaking in the steps of 'seedling raising of pumpkin seedlings' and 'seedling raising of watermelon seedlings' is a carbendazim solution, and the carbendazim solution is prepared by adding 15g of carbendazim and 15g of thiram into one kilogram of water.
4. The method for cultivating melon crops by grafting pumpkin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step of 'seedling raising of watermelon seedlings', the time of sowing the watermelon seeds in the soil is 6 days after the time of sowing the pumpkin seeds in the soil.
5. The method for cultivating melon crops by grafting pumpkin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step of cutting leaves of the pumpkin seedlings, sterilizing agents are sprayed on cut surfaces of cotyledons after the cotyledons of the pumpkin seedlings are cut, and the pumpkin seedlings are placed for 24-36 hours.
6. The method for cultivating melon crops by grafting pumpkin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step of grafting, the pumpkin seedlings are sprayed with water in the previous day, the pumpkin seedlings are kept to have sufficient water, and water is not sprayed on the day when the grafting of the grafted seedlings is finished, so that the tissue surfaces of the grafting surfaces and the insertion holes are prevented from being wetted.
7. The method for cultivating melon crops by grafting pumpkin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the end of the thin bamboo stick used in the grafting step is shaped as a triangular pyramid formed by two inclined planes and an arc-shaped plane, the pyramid having a tip so that the end of the insertion hole is formed in the same shape as the grafting plane of the scion.
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| CN108293677A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-07-20 | 钟宇民 | Watermelon seedling culturing method |
| CN108323338A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-07-27 | 张贻祥 | A kind of Grafting watermelon breeding method |
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- 2018-08-21 CN CN201810953149.XA patent/CN109041856B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
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| CN101731089A (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2010-06-16 | 武汉市农业科学研究所 | Method for producing seedless watermelon seedlings |
| CN103229655A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-08-07 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for grafting and transplanting sprout-tiller-free watermelon seedlings |
| CN104472235A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-01 | 吴中区金庭小美华家庭农场 | Grafting cultivation method of watermelon |
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