CN106922404A - A kind of small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method - Google Patents
A kind of small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106922404A CN106922404A CN201710242850.6A CN201710242850A CN106922404A CN 106922404 A CN106922404 A CN 106922404A CN 201710242850 A CN201710242850 A CN 201710242850A CN 106922404 A CN106922404 A CN 106922404A
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- watermelon
- fruit type
- small fruit
- aspermous
- small
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method.Selection bottle gourd does graft stock, and grafting scion is done with small fruit type aspermous watermelon and Watermelon；Utilize the medium insect collection small fruit type Watermelon pollen to the female flower pollination of small fruit type aspermous watermelon, or utilize anemophily.Also droop is prevented and treated after pollination with the strong advantage of disease-resistant resistance using cucurbit root growth is vigorous.The method of the present invention belongs to small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free pollination and bears fruit method, can completely replace traditional artificial pollination method, reduces labour's input, cost-effective, while fruit-setting rate is high, plant anti-aging ability is strong, single fruit weight increases, and output increased is best in quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of watermelon cultivation, and in particular to be that a kind of small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation exempts from people
Work pollinating method.
Background technology
With the reduction and the continuous improvement of living standard of urban family population, people to the consumption demand of watermelon increasingly
Height, small fruit type aspermous watermelon has the advantages that fruit head is little, taste be sweet, quality better, deep to be liked by consumer.Due to small fruit type without
Seed watermelon is that, as male parent, tetraploid watermelon (4N=44) is obtained for hybridization of female parent, aspermous watermelon with diploid watermelon (2N=22)
The male flower of artificial use diploid watermelon (title Watermelon) is needed to be pollinated to the female flower of triploid watermelon plant when blooming,
Can be normally solid.Therefore, according to the characteristic of TRIPLOID SEEDLESS WATER, needed by a certain percentage when aspermous watermelon is cultivated in production
(3:1 or 4:1) configuration Watermelon manually gathers the hero of Watermelon as pollination strain when TRIPLOID SEEDLESS WATER is bloomed
Flower carries out supple-mentary pollination, to ensure the normal solid of aspermous watermelon.In this production model, Watermelon pollination strain occupies portion
Divide aspermous watermelon production area, after watermelon maturation, often occur and dliploid Watermelon is sold as aspermous watermelon, influence
Aspermous watermelon is in consumer without seed impression.Watermelon can be made to do sth. in advance listing by facility cultivation, economic benefit is revealed than tradition
Ground watermelon is high 2-3 times, is the important channel of increasing peasant income.
Grafting watermelon cultivation is to solve soil continuous cropping, prevents and treats the effective measures of droop harm, and bottle gourd is commonly used in production
With pumpkin as stock grafting watermelon, the grafting of small fruit type aspermous watermelon typically uses cucurbit as stock, due to cucurbit and watermelon
Equal not of the same race, completely very, its male flower pollen cannot be fertilized gene with watermelon gynoecium, thus can not develop into fruit.
Therefore, make stock grafting aspermous watermelon using cucurbit, the effect that mutual assistance spontaneous pollination is beared fruit cannot be reached.
At present, it is one plant of scion of grafting on one plant of stock in traditional aspermous watermelon grafting production, needs to pass through in cultivation
Watermelon male flower carries out artificial pollination and promotes aspermous watermelon to bear fruit, therefore the method needs to configure Watermelon by a certain percentage
Used as pollination strain, aspermous watermelon florescence, manually collection Watermelon male flower carried out artificial pollination, and the input amount of labour is big, recruitment compared with
Many, pollination time is long, and production cost is big, and fruit-setting rate, single fruit weight and per mu yield be not high, aspermous watermelon produce whole efficiency compared with
It is low.
Using the double fringe graft technologies of an anvil, while grafting small fruit type aspermous watermelon and Watermelon, profit on cucurbit stock
Small fruit type aspermous watermelon is pollinated by honeybee with the pollen of Watermelon, artificial pollination can be saved, improve small fruit type
Seedless watermelon yield and quality, while one plant of 2 color Watermelon Fruit has sight higher again, meet the need that facility goes sightseeing to pluck
Ask.
In Grafted Watermelon Seedlings growth course, stock cotyledonary node occurs a part of adventitious bud, and fast growth, should and
When cut off, it is to avoid with watermelon scion fight for nutrient, influence scion survive and growth.It is characteristic of the invention that：Planted using with watermelon
Cultivate it is equal do not belong to together, the strong cucurbit of anti-watermelon blight ability is used as stock grafting aspermous watermelon and Watermelon, Ji Nengda
To graft compatibility and the good effect of symbiosis affinity, and can be using its pollen to the pollination of aspermous watermelon female flower and result.According to
This principle, the Watermelon that selection differs greatly with aspermous watermelon color of the leather in aspermous watermelon grafting as pollinated variety,
In grafting growth course, the branches and tendrils of Watermelon one and the branches and tendrils of aspermous watermelon one are artificially stayed, both symbiosis form whole plant, open
Florescence, by insect media such as honeybee, butterfly class and flies, Watermelon male flower pollen is awarded on the female chapiter of aspermous watermelon, is made
Aspermous watermelon female flower completes fertilization, develops into fruit, realizes aspermous watermelon spontaneous pollination and result.Using the technology of the present invention, no
But aspermous watermelon can be reached to bloom spontaneous pollination result, pollination is also strong using cucurbit disease-resistant resistance after bearing fruit, well established and vigorously developing,
The strong advantage of anti-aging ability, while droop is prevented and treated, so as to reach the effect for improving the yield and quality.
The information for being disclosed in the background section is merely intended to increase the understanding to general background of the invention, without answering
In being considered as recognizing or imply in any form that the information structure has been the prior art well known to persons skilled in the art.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the defect of existing small fruit type aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation technology, the present invention is by the use of cucurbit as grafting anvil
Wood, small fruit type aspermous watermelon and Watermelon make the engrafting method of scion symbiosis, realize small fruit type aspermous watermelon and Watermelon
Homophyletic symbiosis, existing fertile Watermelon pollen has the aspermous watermelon female flower of normal development again, recycles insect collection grafting
Watermelon pollen on seedling is awarded another branches and tendrils of homophyletic above or closes on the aspermous watermelon female flower of plant, and saving artificial collection has seed
Watermelon male flower pollen is gone to the time-consuming link of taking a lot of work of aspermous watermelon female flower pollination.And the fruit-setting rate, single fruit weight of the inventive method
And quality, and per mu yield is obtained for raising.
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem with following technical scheme：
A kind of small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method, selection bottle gourd does graft stock, with without seed
Watermelon (casting skin or flower skin) and Watermelon (Calusena lansium) do grafting scion；Utilize the medium the flower of insect collection small fruit type Watermelon
Powder is pollinated to the female flower of small fruit type aspermous watermelon, or utilizes anemophily.
Described small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method, grafting leaves small fruit type seed watermelon and small
Each 1/plant of fruit type aspermous watermelon.
Described small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method, the insect vector is honeybee, bumblebee, fly
Class.
Described small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method, grafting select and remain small fruit type aspermous watermelon and
Each 1/plant of small fruit type Watermelon.
Described small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method, after melon undetermined, small fruit type aspermous watermelon and
The climing of small fruit type Watermelon is both needed to pinch, and remaining cultivation technique is identical with conventional cultivation technology.
The kind of small fruit type aspermous watermelon of the present invention includes：The small rubine of snowy peak is small beautiful without seed 2 without seed, snowy peak
(Jin Fu is without seed), snowy peak are small beautiful yellow without seed, first just up to honey child without seed.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：
(1) method of the present invention realizes that small fruit type Watermelon and small fruit type aspermous watermelon are common by cucurbit as stock grafting
Raw plant, and fertile small fruit type Watermelon male flower and small fruit type aspermous watermelon female flower are produced, facilitate honeybee, bumblebee, flies
It is also vigorous and anti-using cucurbit root growth after pollination Deng insect powder collecting and pollination nearby, it might even be possible to realize anemophily
The advantage of sick strong stress resistance prevents and treats droop.
(2) method of the present invention belongs to small fruit type aspermous watermelon manpower-free pollination and bears fruit method, can completely replace tradition
Artificial pollination method, reduce labour's input, cost-effective, while fruit-setting rate is high, plant anti-aging ability is strong, single fruit weight
Increase, output increased is best in quality.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment of the invention is described in detail with reference to embodiment, it is to be understood that guarantor of the invention
Shield scope is not limited by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method, the described method comprises the following steps：
(1) selection cucurbit is cooked graft stock, with aspermous watermelon (small rubine without seed, green colored skin) and Watermelon (Jin Fu, Huang
Skin) do grafting scion；
(2) grafting stays Watermelon and climing each 1/plant of aspermous watermelon；
(3) female flower pollination of the pollen of the insect honeybee that utilizes the medium collection Watermelon to homophyletic aspermous watermelon；
(4) grafting is selected and remain aspermous watermelon (green colored skin) and each 1 of Watermelon (Calusena lansium) fruit；
(5) after melon undetermined, aspermous watermelon and the climing of Watermelon are both needed to pinch, remaining cultivation technique and conventional cultivation technology
It is identical.
2016 4 in gardening landscape architecture institute of Agricultural University Of Hunan proving ground using Watermelon of the invention (Jin Fu, Huang
Skin) Comparative cultivation is carried out with aspermous watermelon (small rubine without seed, green colored skin) grafting symbiosis manpower-free pollinating method, experimental field
Area 180m2, spacing in the rows 0.6m plants 200 plants, converts into mu and plant 600 plants, 2 yuan every plant, 1200 yuan of seedling, honeybee or bumblebee 1 altogether
350 yuan of case, every mu of 1550 yuan of total cost.Control, test area 180m are set simultaneously2, aspermous watermelon and Watermelon according to
3：Planted between 1, spacing in the rows 0.6m, aspermous watermelon plants 300 plants altogether, 100 plants of Watermelon, and florescence carries out artificial pollination, convert into mu
900 plants of aspermous watermelon of plantation, 300 plants of Watermelon, every plant of 1.5 yuan of aspermous watermelon, 0.5 yuan of Watermelon, seedling total 1500
Unit, pollinate 1000 yuan of recruitment, 2500 yuan of cost accounting.June fruit maturation harvest, the method for the present invention cultivate small rubine without
Seed watermelon number of results is 195, and solid content is that 11.5% average list melon weight is 2.1kg, and yield is 410kg, golden good fortune watermelon
193, solid content is 10.5%, and average list melon weight is 1.9kg, and yield is 367kg.Small rubine is without 5.0 yuan/kg of seed, gold
3.0 yuan/kg of good fortune, takes in 3151 yuan.The small rubine aspermous watermelon number of results of control group is 288, and solid content is 11.4% flat
Single melon weight is 2.3kg, and yield is 690kg.Golden good fortune watermelon 98, solid content is 10.6%, average list melon weight 1.95kg,
Yield is 185kg.Small rubine takes in 4000 yuan without 5.0 yuan/kg of seed, 3.0 yuan/kg of Jin Fu.Due to aspermous watermelon of the present invention plantation
Strain number relatively compare few, therefore number of results is also fewer than compareing, and the strain number of grown per area of the present invention is fewer than control, saving seedling
Cost, saves artificial pollination spending, therefore pollination small fruit type aspermous watermelon benefit of exempting from of the invention is 1600 yuan, is increased income than control
100 yuan.
Compared with small fruit type aspermous watermelon tradition pollinating method, the method for the present invention can greatly save aspermous watermelon pollination
The labor cost of phase, while the index such as fruit-setting rate and single fruit weight, per mu yield, solid content is passed more than small fruit type aspermous watermelon
System pollinating method, has preferable promotion prospect in the production of small fruit type aspermous watermelon.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method, it is characterised in that selection bottle gourd does grafting anvil
Wood, grafting scion is done with small fruit type aspermous watermelon and small fruit type Watermelon；Utilize the medium insect collection small fruit type Watermelon
Pollen to the female flower pollination of small fruit type aspermous watermelon, or utilize anemophily.
2. small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that grafting
Seedling stays Watermelon and climing each 1/plant of aspermous watermelon.
3. small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Insect vector is honeybee, bumblebee, flies.
4. small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that grafting
The small fruit type aspermous watermelon and small fruit type Watermelon every of seedling stay 1 fruit.
5. small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that undetermined
After melon, small fruit type aspermous watermelon and the climing of Watermelon are both needed to pinch, and remaining cultivation technique is identical with conventional cultivation technology.
6. small fruit type aspermous watermelon facility cultivation manpower-free's pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that fruitlet
The kind of type aspermous watermelon includes：The small rubine of snowy peak is small beautiful yellow without seed, first just up to honey child without seed 2, the small jade of snowy peak without seed, snowy peak
Without seed.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107711125A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-02-23 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | A kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method |
| CN109349022A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-02-19 | 青岛创世种子技术有限公司 | A kind of method for interplanting production aspermous watermelon of aspermous watermelon and seed water melon |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107711125A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-02-23 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | A kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method |
| CN107711125B (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2019-10-18 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | A kind of greenhouse full dose aspermous watermelon grafting cultivation method |
| CN109349022A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-02-19 | 青岛创世种子技术有限公司 | A kind of method for interplanting production aspermous watermelon of aspermous watermelon and seed water melon |
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Application publication date: 20170707 |
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