CN103621397A

CN103621397A - Cultivation method of plantlet peppers

Info

Publication number: CN103621397A
Application number: CN201310559457.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 饶燕
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-11-04
Filing date: 2013-11-04
Publication date: 2014-03-12

Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivation method of plantlet peppers and belongs to the technical field of biological breeding. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: hybridizing selected new-generation red cluster peppers as male parents with ordinary bullet series red cluster peppers, enabling the ratio of the male parents to female parents to be (1:5)-(1:6), performing emasculation, collecting pollen, performing pollination and harvesting seeds. The by adopting the cultivation method provided by the invention has the advantages that fruits are short and conical, emerald when the fruits are tender, cardinal after the fruits are mature, smooth in fruit surfaces, and heavy; the cultivated peppers have a large number of seeds, disease resistance, drought resistance and high yield; the plant height is 50cm-55cm; compared with an existing bullet series red cluster peppers, pepper plants are relatively short, the picking efficiency can be improved by 10 times, the volume of each plant is small, the plant spacing is 20cm-27cm generally, the cultivation method is suitable for close planting, the yield is high, and the cultivation method is further suitable for planting in open fields, and particularly suitable for planting in half-soil and half-sand neutral lands.

Description

The breeding method of plantlet capsicum

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of biological breeding, be specifically related to the breeding method of a kind of plantlet capsicum.

Background technology

Capsicum (Capsicum spp.) is Solanaceae (Solanaceae) Capsicum (Capsicum), it is a kind of global vegetable crop, the pungent of its fruit tool uniqueness, fragrance, color and luster and abundant vitamin C, both can eat raw, seasoning, also can be used for refining chilli oil, capsorubin and capsaicine, there is important economic worth and food therapy health effect.Wherein capsicum annum fasciculatum be to green pepper fruit towards sky the general designation of (upward or tiltedly upward) this monoid capsicum that grows, capsicum annum fasciculatum green pepper fruit is all less, because of and be called capsicum, the feature of capsicum annum fasciculatum is that green pepper fruit is little, peppery degree is high, easily drying, mainly as dry green pepper kind, utilize, at present the capsicum annum fasciculatum kind of China's establishing in large scale be take and clustered green pepper as main, the capsicum annum fasciculatum kind of green pepper (Var.fasciculatum Bailey) type of clustering is divided into three cherry greens pepper and two series of sub warhead by green pepper fruit shape, three cherry green pepper series of productss mainly contain Japanese three cherry greens pepper, three cherry greens pepper are selected in Henan, big angle three cherry greens pepper, a new generation three cherry greens pepper, qi xing paprika, Shaoyang capsicum annum fasciculatum etc.But the capsicum annum fasciculatum plant of the current green pepper type of clustering is all higher, and plant volume is large, is not suitable for dense planting, thereby output is not high, but also can affect picking efficiency.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides the breeding method of a kind of plantlet capsicum, the problem that is not suitable for greatly dense planting and affects picking efficiency to solve plant volume that prior art exists.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:

A breeding method for plantlet capsicum, concrete grammar step is as follows:

(1) select female parent:

Select three cherry greens pepper of new generation to do male parent, with the hybridization of common sub warhead series capsicum annum fasciculatum, the preference temperature of hybrid seeding is 20 ℃-24 ℃, and male parent and maternal ratio are 1:5-1:6;

(2) emasculation:

On maternal plant, select that second day will be opened, petal color become the large bud emasculation of white by green;

(3) gather pollen:

Be about to the previous day of pollination, from paternal plant, petal variable color be about to open large bud and take, with tweezers, take out pollen, put into culture dish, be placed in the dry vessel that hygroscopic agent is housed, after pollen is dry, use again 80 mesh sieve by pollen sieving for standby;

(4) pollination:

Pollination work can be carried out on the emasculation same day or second day, in flowering period at a time when this, dipped pollen, spread upon on the column cap of maternal gynoecium and completed pollination, and the flower of pollination marks, and spent whole excisions to ensure the quality of products the producing Crossbred not simultaneously;

(5) seed collection:

Fruit is popular in rear harvesting.

In above-mentioned steps (2), the bud having split at flower bud phase flower pesticide must be extractd, and with tip tweezers, the petal of the white bud that a bud just ready to burst is pulled out, and lightly male flower bud is all extractd.

In above-mentioned steps (3), the hygroscopic agent in dry vessel is quicklime or silica gel.

In above-mentioned steps (4), both can use hand or use the rubber tip on pencil to dip pollen, and spread upon on the column cap of maternal gynoecium and complete pollination; Also can in pollination tube, pack dry pollen into, use rubber stopper jam-pack, during pollination, the style of maternal gynoecium be stretched in pipe from hole, column cap dips in full pollen, completes pollination.

Above-mentioned pollination tube is the glass tube of internal diameter 0.5cm-0.6cm, and one end sealing is being opened an aperture near on the sidewall of blind end, and approximately 2 millimeters of hole diameters are more bigger than pollen grain, other end opening.

The breeding method of plantlet capsicum of the present invention, the pepper fruit of cultivating is short taper shape, when tender, fruit is emerald green, fruit cerise after ripe, be about 4cm, transverse diameter 1.5cm, fruit surface is smooth, seed is many, fruit weight, one 10-20, a fork has 3, long towards sky, high 50cm-55cm, disease-resistant, drought resisting, high yield, capsicum is shorter towards sky capsicum than existing sub warhead, picking efficiency can improve 10 times, because this product plant volume is little, spacing in the rows is generally at 20cm-27cm, be applicable to dense planting, thereby output is high, and be suitable for open country plantation, be particularly suitable for the husky neutral soil plantation of half mud half.

Embodiment

A breeding method for plantlet capsicum, concrete grammar step is as follows:

(1) select female parent:

Select three cherry greens pepper of new generation to do male parent, with common sub warhead series capsicum annum fasciculatum hybridization, the preference temperature of hybrid seeding is 20 ℃-24 ℃, because male parent is different with maternal breeding time, so adjust sowing time and setting date, realize best pollination period, male parent and maternal ratio are 1:5-1:6;

(2) emasculation:

On maternal plant, select that second day will be opened, petal color become the large bud emasculation of white by green, but the bud having split at flower bud phase flower pesticide must be extractd.With tip tweezers, the petal of the white bud that a bud just ready to burst is pulled out, lightly male flower bud is all extractd;

(3) gather pollen:

The pollen vitality that gathered the same day is the strongest, in order to improve the effect of hybridization pollination, also can adopt the pollen of storage to pollinate, be about to the previous day of pollination, from paternal plant, petal variable color being about to open large bud takes, with tweezers, take out pollen, put into culture dish, be placed in the dry vessel of the hygroscopic agents such as quicklime or silica gel are housed, after pollen is dry, use 80 mesh sieve by pollen sieving for standby again, use the pollen pollination of storage, the pollen storage time is unsuitable long, otherwise pollen vitality is understood variation, affect the ripening rate of hybridization pollination;

(4) pollination:

The female column cap of capsicum has had fertility for 1-2 days before blooming, but the colored fertility of opening with the same day is the strongest.Pollination work can be carried out on the emasculation same day or second day, in flowering period at a time when this, with hand or by the rubber tip on pencil, dipped pollen, on the column cap that spreads upon maternal gynoecium gently, and also available pollination tube pollination.Pollination tube is the glass tube of internal diameter 0.5cm-0.6cm, one section of sealing, and near opening an aperture (2 millimeters of diameters, more bigger than pollen grain) on the sidewall of blind end, other end opening, uses rubber stopper jam-pack after packing dry pollen into.During pollination, style is stretched in pipe from hole, column cap dips in full pollen, completes pollination.The flower of pollination marks, and simultaneously spends whole excisions to ensure the quality of products the producing Crossbred not;

(5) seed collection:

Fruit is popular in rear harvesting.

Claims

1. a breeding method for plantlet capsicum, is characterized in that concrete grammar step is as follows:

(1) select female parent:

(2) emasculation:

(3) gather pollen:

(4) pollination:

(5) seed collection:

Fruit is popular in rear harvesting.

2. the breeding method of plantlet capsicum according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), the bud having split at flower bud phase flower pesticide must be extractd, and with tip tweezers, the petal of the white bud that a bud just ready to burst is pulled out, and lightly male flower bud is all extractd.

3. the breeding method of plantlet capsicum according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (3), and the hygroscopic agent in dry vessel is quicklime or silica gel.

4. the breeding method of plantlet capsicum according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step (4), both can use hand or use the rubber tip on pencil to dip pollen, spreads upon on the column cap of maternal gynoecium and completes pollination; Also can in pollination tube, pack dry pollen into, use rubber stopper jam-pack, during pollination, the style of maternal gynoecium be stretched in pipe from hole, column cap dips in full pollen, completes pollination.

5. the breeding method of plantlet capsicum according to claim 4, is characterized in that pollination tube is the glass tube of internal diameter 0.5cm-0.6cm, one end sealing, near on the sidewall of blind end, opening an aperture, approximately 2 millimeters of hole diameters, more bigger than pollen grain, other end opening.