CN105028188A - Method for breeding early-ripe apples by using bud mutation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding early-ripe apples by using bud mutation, belongs to a breeding method of apples, and aims at providing a breeding method capable of shortening an apple ripe period. The technical scheme is as follows: two weeks before fruits are harvested, fruit trees are observed according to a principle that the fruits are not consistent to changes of the environment to find out branches which are early ripe, have large fruit bodies, bear more fruits and have the fruits with rich red color and luster; in spring of the next year, the selected branches are transferred to a breeding selection garden to perform vegetative propagation according to a top grafting identification method; at least 10 vegetative propagation fruit trees are compared with original-variety fruit trees; and compared with the fruits of the original-variety fruit trees, if the fruits of the vegetative propagation fruit trees are more early ripe, have bigger fruit bodies, bear more fruits and have deeper red color and luster, the vegetative propagation fruit trees can be popularized and planted as a new variety of the early-ripe apples. The apples bred by the method can be ripe 20 days earlier so that the method is the method for breeding the early-ripe apples.

Description

Utilize the method for the precocious apple of bud mutation seed selection

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of seed choosing method of apple, particularly relate to a kind of method utilizing the precocious apple of bud mutation technology seed selection.

Background technology

Bud mutation is abiogenous genetic material variation in somatic cell.The somatic cell of variation betides the meristematic tissue of bud or through division, growth enters the meristematic tissue of bud, just forms variation bud.Only have the bud when variation to sprout into branch, and even after yielding positive results, show when to have notable difference with the proterties of original kind, be just easily found.So bud mutation always occurs with the form of principal deformation.The twig of this variation, sometimes before being it is found that, by unconsciously for vegetative propagation, is referred to as strain and becomes when growing up to new plant.

Bud mutation has mosaic, diversity, limitation and pleiotropy.What the diversity of bud mutation became that asexually propagated plant produces new variation enriches source, and bud mutation not only can the direct therefrom improved seeds, but also the original Germplasm Bank of can enriching constantly that make new advances of seed selection, provided new resource to crossbreeding.

Bud mutation refers to that the variation to being occurred by bud mutation is selected, thus is bred as the selection and use method of new varieties.In the clone kind of gardening plant, occur except bud mutation except being made a variation by genetic material, go back ubiquity by all environmental factors cause can not heredity fluctuation (also known as variety ).A major issue of Bud mutation is exactly that correct this two class of distinguishing makes a variation, and selects real excellent bud mutation.The outstanding advantages of Bud mutation can repair the occasional defects of improved seeds, meanwhile, substantially keeps its original comprehensive merit.So vegetative propagation can be carried out for Commercial cultivation once selecting, less investment, produce effects fast.

" cigarette rich No. 3 " have fruit shape rectify, painted good, colouring is fast, dense red gorgeous, the advantage such as gloss is attractive in appearance, pulp is light, meat is sharp and clear, juice is many, local flavor is fragrant and sweet of color and luster, has now become the Some Strains of Fuji kind promoted mainly the major apple production area such as China Shandong, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu.But " cigarette rich No. 3 " fruit breeding time is 190 days, there is ripe slow shortcoming.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the defect existed in prior art, the present invention aims to provide a kind of method utilizing the precocious apple of bud mutation seed selection.

To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

1) at fruit harvesting the last fortnight, according to the principle of " fruit and environmental change inconsistent ", fruit tree is observed, find out ripe early, large, many, the dense red branch of color and luster of bearing fruit of fruit body;

2) spring in the coming year, according to the method for " height connects qualification " branch selected moved in selective nursery and carry out vegetative propagation;

3) at least 10 strain vegetative propagation fruit trees and original planting fruit-trees are compared, if the fruit of vegetative propagation fruit tree is larger than the fruit early-maturing of original planting fruit-trees, fruit body, it is many to bear fruit, color and luster is dense red, then can using this vegetative propagation fruit tree as precocious apple tree new varieties popularizing planting.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention is owing to have employed technique scheme, have employed the selected branch that makes a variation of principle of " fruit change is inconsistent with environmental change ", and variation branch is carried out transplanting qualification, therefore, it is possible to screen out the variety of non-genetic variation according to the method for " height connects qualification ".Facts have proved, though the kind of the inventive method seed selection is through the environmental change of different year, variation shape, degree of variation (average precocious 20 days of each time, average yield per mu in the full bearing period can reach 800 jin) performance is very stable, and remain simultaneously " cigarette rich No. 3 " fruit shape rectify, painted good, colouring is fast, dense red gorgeous, the output advantages of higher of color and luster.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.

Embodiment

1) at fruit harvesting the last fortnight, according to the principle of " fruit and environmental change inconsistent ", fruit tree is observed, find out ripe early, large, many, the dense red branch of color and luster of bearing fruit of fruit body;

2) spring in the coming year, according to the method for " height connects qualification " branch selected moved in selective nursery and carry out vegetative propagation;

3) at least 10 strain vegetative propagation fruit trees and original planting fruit-trees are compared, if the fruit of vegetative propagation fruit tree is larger than the fruit early-maturing of original planting fruit-trees, fruit body, it is many to bear fruit, color and luster is dense red, then can using this vegetative propagation fruit tree as precocious Variety of Apple popularizing planting.

Claims (1)

1. utilize a method for the precocious apple of bud mutation seed selection, it is characterized in that method is as follows:

1) at fruit harvesting the last fortnight, according to the principle of " fruit and environmental change inconsistent ", fruit tree is observed, find out ripe early, large, many, the dense red branch of color and luster of bearing fruit of fruit body;

2) spring in the coming year, according to the method for " height connects qualification " branch selected moved in selective nursery and carry out vegetative propagation;

3) at least 10 strain vegetative propagation fruit trees and original planting fruit-trees are compared, if the fruit of vegetative propagation fruit tree is larger than the fruit early-maturing of original planting fruit-trees, fruit body, it is many to bear fruit, color and luster is dense red, then can using this vegetative propagation fruit tree as precocious Variety of Apple popularizing planting.