CN106508671A - Method for breeding earlier germinated eriobotrya japonica seeds - Google Patents
Method for breeding earlier germinated eriobotrya japonica seeds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106508671A CN106508671A CN201611007450.9A CN201611007450A CN106508671A CN 106508671 A CN106508671 A CN 106508671A CN 201611007450 A CN201611007450 A CN 201611007450A CN 106508671 A CN106508671 A CN 106508671A
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- loquat
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- 235000009008 Eriobotrya japonica Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 244000061508 Eriobotrya japonica Species 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241001092070 Eriobotrya Species 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011218 seed culture Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 20
- 208000026487 Triploidy Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 210000001938 protoplast Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000035199 Tetraploidy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010153 self-pollination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000675108 Citrus tangerina Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000020584 Polyploidy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000220222 Rosaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000592344 Spermatophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003322 aneuploid effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000036878 aneuploidy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007910 cell fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002262 tip cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding earlier germinated eriobotrya japonica seeds and belongs to the field of plant cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: a, collecting earlier germinated seeds from mature eriobotrya japonica fruits; b, culturing the earlier germinated seeds in a seedling culture container containing nutritional soil into seedlings; c, transplanting the earlier germinated seedlings to a filed; d, identifying excellent plants after blossoming and fruit bearing of plants. As high as 13.4% of excellent plants can be obtained from the earlier germinated eriobotrya japonica seeds, the success rate is high, the operation is simple, special instrument and equipment are not needed, the cost is low, and the method has very good practical application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, and in particular to loquat premature eruption seed breeding method.
Background technology
Up to now, the method for loquat (the Eriobotrya japonica Lindl) breeding of document report introduce a fine variety, it is real
Raw seed selection, crossbreeding, mutation breeding and biotechnology breeding.
1 introduces a fine variety
In Thunberg, the activity of introducing a fine variety of various countries finds that loquat shortly has begun to.1784, France was from China Guangdong
Introduce a fine variety Paris botanical garden；1787, Britain also introduced a fine variety KEW from Guangdong；To 20th century, many loquats
Kind has been introduced a fine variety to India, South Asia, South Africa, South America[4]Etc. ground cultivation.When to today, it is universal that loquat already becomes countries in the world
One of fruit tree of cultivation.
Since the seventies in last century, China has also introduced some excellent loquat new varieties from Japan, Spain etc., such as gloomy
Early raw, the long-living early life of tail, big room, Fang Guang, Bai Maomu etc., but in order to ensure successful introduction, more options loquat original distributed areas
Natural conditions are less with China difference simply to introduce a fine variety.
Loquat category is not isodensity distribution in China, promotes people extensively to introduce a fine variety the species, kind that other places originates in.From 1988
Year, through experiment in cultivation for many years, report was to white jade, despot in succession for the provinces and cities such as Jiangsu, Fujian, Chongqing, Kunming, Hunan to 2000
Multiple loquat improved seeds successful introductions such as red, liberation clock, the morning life of gloomy tail, expand the distribution of loquat.
2 grow directly from seeds seed selection
The self-pollination compatibility of loquat is poor so as in the case of spontaneous pollination, and seedling often produces various complexity
Variation, this just for grow directly from seeds seed selection work provide enrich original material.And it is current, most of cultivars of loquat come more
Become a kind of most simple of seed selection loquat new varieties and effective approach from the seed selection that in the seed propagation that grows directly from seeds, makes to grow directly from seeds.By me
The nearly unremitting effort in 30 years of state scientific worker, has selected few core clovershrub, big five-pointed star, the new sheet of Pu, small nut Pi from seedling tree
New varieties or the new strains more than 30 such as rake, dragon's fountain series, new white series.
3 crossbreeding
With the progress of crossbreeding technology, people are for the research and loquat vegetative propagation of Loquat Cultivars pollen fertility
The development of technology, adopts hybridization seed selection and is obtained in loquat cultivation new varieties with obtaining the merit and hybrid vigour of parent
Development.The test of Xia Qizhou etc. shows, setting percentage highest of pollinating between the different cultivars of loquat, and homophyletic self-pollination setting percentage is most
Low, placed in the middle with pollinating between kind strain, loquat self-compatibility is poorer than interbreed compatibility, and this is just carried for loquat crossbreeding
Convenience is supplied.As Fujian Academy fruit tree research successively adopts liberation clock, fragrant and sweet, Tianjin cloud, gloomy tail early raw etc. as parent
The crossbreed fragrant clock series of success, clock Tianjin 2, perfume city 4, and early-middle Jurassic；Foreign countries, study more in this respect
It is Japan, by 1997, it has been reported that be bred as the improved Varieties such as early raw, long-living early raw, the positive jade in Nagasaki.
4 mutation breedings
The outstanding problem that loquat is present is that seed is big and many, and the edible rate of fruit is relatively low, so many in recent years
Researcher is devoted to cultivate few core or seedless Loquat Cultivars.Double chromosome number four times can be reached by hybridization
Body, then with diploid hybrid so as to obtaining few core or seedless triploid.But, due to viability and the sprouting of unreduced diploidy pollen
Feature is in a disadvantageous position in competition, causes tetraploid to there is the low phenomenon of triploid yield with diploid parents hybridization.Although, one
A little experiments improve 2n pollen incidences, but effect on driving birds is not good by Heat thermostability.More scholars are then attempted by chemistry, physics etc.
Mutagenesis means, reach the purpose for cultivating few core or seedless loquat new varieties.1984, gold pine etc. was reported successfully using routinizing
Learn the tetraploid loquat new varieties Fujian three that mutagenesis has obtained few core.But, most of result of study hereafter is often obtained
The seedless fruit probability for arriving is extremely low, it is impossible to is applied to production practices, or cannot obtain polyploid plant at all, is simply loquat thing
Physicochemical mutagenesis is further studied and is laid a good foundation.2007, Wang etc. was used on the basis of the experience and lessons for summarizing forefathers
EMS has carried out Vitro Mutation to Dawuxing loquat stem apex, and morphology, POD isodynamic enzymes and RAPD are obtained from regeneration plant
Mark there occurs the variation plant of change.
Application of 5 biotechnologys in loquat breeding
Endosperm is natural triploidy cell, can obtain triploid by its culture, finally give without seed kind.Profit
With endosperm culture to obtain triploid, some progress are had been achieved in some fruit trees.It is applied in loquat research earliest,
Be in nineteen eighty-three by Chen Zhenguang etc..Their reported firsts loquat endosperm culture obtains whole plant, resulting plant
Strain root tip cell chromosome number is to be close to triploid aneuploid, although be not real triploid, but their reality
Test a step has been pushed ahead without seed loquat breeding.Research before this has all only obtained Callus From The Endosperms and has had certain
Abnormal organs break up, but there is no complete regeneration plant.Hereafter, Peng Xiaojun etc. has done follow-up study again, and they are not having
Also sprout has been induced on the culture medium of the organic matters such as additional LH, CH, it was confirmed that viewpoint " this type organic pair of Huang Zhenguang
The endosperm culture of certain plants is nor absolutely required ", this is perfectly in harmony with the experimental result of Chen Zhenguang etc..Meanwhile, they
Also find that K cryogenic treatment forms callus and has facilitation to loquat endosperm, but concrete reason is not further ground
Study carefully.
Fruit tree Protoplast cuhnre and cell fusion were made great progress since the 1970's, apple,
Application on the fruit trees such as oranges and tangerines is all obtained successfully.Research in terms of Protoplast in Loquat culture is less, and woods in 1989 is along power
The separation and culture of Protoplast in Loquat is carried out Deng Immature embryo calli is just started with first, they are healed using rataria within 1991 years
The Protoplast cuhnre that injured tissue is isolated defines the callus of white, is obtained using Protoplast cuhnre first within 1994
The regeneration plant of loquat.But the low problem of rooting rate is yet suffered from experiment, so woods is carried out in 1996 along power etc. again
Rooting rate has been brought up to 90% by the experiment of taking root of protoplast-derived shoot, makes Protoplast in Loquat culture obtain regeneration plant
Technology reaches and is mature on the whole.
In terms of haploid breeding, the unremitting research by the several years such as Li, using loquat Anther Culture, obtains Pi first
Rake flower pesticide embryoid and haplobiont, but still have a long way to go from loquat new varieties are cultivated.
In sum, existing loquat breeding method is less efficient, therefore, research and development loquat simple and efficient breeding new method tool
It is of great importance.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of loquat simple and efficient breeding new method.
Concrete technical scheme is：
Loquat premature eruption seed breeding method, the method are comprised the following steps：
A, from loquat ripening fruits gather premature eruption seed；
B, in the container for plant growth for fill Nutrition Soil by premature eruption seed culture seedling；
C, by premature eruption seed transplantation of seedlings to land for growing field crops；
Elite plant (new lines) is identified after d, plant blossom result.
Further, above-mentioned plant is rose family Rosaceae plants.
Further：Above-mentioned rosaceous plant is that loquat belongs to Eriobotrya Lind1 plants.
The loquat breeding new method of the present invention is grown directly from seeds with existing loquat compared with the methods such as seed selection, and advantage is：Simple to operate,
Low cost, do not need special instrument and equipment and reagent, and efficiency high, can obtain up to 13.4% elite plant it is (new
Strain), with fabulous actual application prospect.
Specific embodiment
It is described in conjunction with the embodiments the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Loquat premature eruption seed breeding method, comprises the following steps：
A, from loquat ripening fruits gather premature eruption seed；
B, in the container for plant growth for fill Nutrition Soil by premature eruption seed culture seedling；
C, by premature eruption seed transplantation of seedlings to land for growing field crops；
Elite plant is identified after d, plant blossom result, as new lines.
The result of implementation of the present invention is shown in Table 1.
Result of the test (experimental cultivar of the table 1 using loquat premature eruption seed breeding：Big five-pointed star)
Note：
Premature eruption seed percentage (%) (C)=premature eruption seed number (grain) (B) ÷ collection seed sum (grain) (A) × 100%；
Premature eruption seed into strain rate (%) (E)=premature eruption seed into strain number (strain) (D) ÷ premature eruptions seed number (grain) (B) ×
100%；
Premature eruption seed elite plant rate (%) (G)=premature eruption seed elite plant number (strain) (F) ÷ premature eruptions seed into strain number
(strain) (D) × 100%.
The body of the Leaf pattern of loquat premature eruption seed plant, floral shape, whole plant shape state and the fruit that are obtained with the present invention is all
Diversity is presented, a large amount of new varieties can be developed, its fruit is bigger, and quality is more excellent.
Claims (1)
1. loquat premature eruption seed breeding method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, from loquat ripening fruits gather premature eruption seed；
B, in the container for plant growth for fill Nutrition Soil by premature eruption seed culture seedling；
C, by premature eruption seed transplantation of seedlings to land for growing field crops；
Elite plant is identified after d, plant blossom result, as new varieties.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611007450.9A CN106508671B (en) | 2016-11-16 | 2016-11-16 | Loquat premature eruption seed breeding method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611007450.9A CN106508671B (en) | 2016-11-16 | 2016-11-16 | Loquat premature eruption seed breeding method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106508671A true CN106508671A (en) | 2017-03-22 |
| CN106508671B CN106508671B (en) | 2018-08-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611007450.9A Expired - Fee Related CN106508671B (en) | 2016-11-16 | 2016-11-16 | Loquat premature eruption seed breeding method |
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| CN (1) | CN106508671B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107372068A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-11-24 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of loquat is grown directly from seeds the breeding method of rootstock seedling |
| CN110710452A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-01-21 | 南京农业大学 | Tissue culture and rapid propagation method of eriobotrya japonica |
| CN115024143A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-09-09 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and grow seedlings quickly |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103461099A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-25 | 四川农业大学 | Method for creating novel white flesh loquat strain by taking red flesh loquat variety as material |
-
2016
- 2016-11-16 CN CN201611007450.9A patent/CN106508671B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103461099A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-25 | 四川农业大学 | Method for creating novel white flesh loquat strain by taking red flesh loquat variety as material |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 王永清等: "从大五星枇杷小种子可获得单倍体", 《2012年园艺植物染色体倍性操作与遗传改良学术研讨会论文摘要集》 * |
| 陶炼等: "基于叶形态学的枇杷小种子植株遗传多样性研究", 《西南农业学报》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107372068A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-11-24 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of loquat is grown directly from seeds the breeding method of rootstock seedling |
| CN110710452A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-01-21 | 南京农业大学 | Tissue culture and rapid propagation method of eriobotrya japonica |
| CN115024143A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-09-09 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and grow seedlings quickly |
| CN115024143B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-03-26 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and quickly grow seedlings |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN106508671B (en) | 2018-08-17 |
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Granted publication date: 20180817 |