CN114868646A - Method for breeding pepper variety - Google Patents
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- CN114868646A CN114868646A CN202210482413.2A CN202210482413A CN114868646A CN 114868646 A CN114868646 A CN 114868646A CN 202210482413 A CN202210482413 A CN 202210482413A CN 114868646 A CN114868646 A CN 114868646A
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- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 244000203593 Piper nigrum Species 0.000 title abstract description 99
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000722363 Piper Species 0.000 claims abstract 28
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 241000758706 Piperaceae Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 claims description 16
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000002568 Capsicum frutescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001390 capsicum minimum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010803 wood ash Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 240000004160 Capsicum annuum Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000008534 Capsicum annuum var annuum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000002283 Capsicum annuum var aviculare Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000013303 Capsicum annuum var. frutescens Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000002284 Capsicum baccatum var baccatum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001164374 Calyx Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001573881 Corolla Species 0.000 description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208292 Solanaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/12—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield
- A01H1/122—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- A01H1/1245—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, e.g. pathogen, pest or disease resistance
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding pepper varieties, which relates to the technical field of pepper breeding and comprises the following steps of hybridizing, hybridizing selected female parents and male parents, normally managing the selected female parents and male parents, collecting pepper seeds, accelerating germination, placing the collected pepper seeds in a culture dish for culture, and transplanting pepper seedlings in a culture medium into a seedbed to keep the growth speed of the pepper seedlings in the seedbed consistent. The new pepper variety cultivated by the method has excellent disease resistance, and meanwhile, the planting distance among the pepper seedlings is controlled, so that the pepper seedlings can keep good ventilation, the yield is higher than that of a common pepper variety, the disease resistance of the new pepper variety can be effectively improved, the planting yield of the new pepper variety can be increased, and the new pepper variety has wide market prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pepper breeding, in particular to a method for breeding pepper varieties.
Background
Capsici fructus is a plant belonging to genus Capsicum of family Solanaceae. The plant is native to Mexico and Columbia and is generally cultivated in all countries in the world, the stem of the plant is nearly hairless or has no micro-hair, the leaves of the plant are intergrown, the top nodes of the branches are not elongated to form a geminal or cluster shape, the rectangular oval shape, the oval shape or the oval shape is in a needle shape, and the top end is short and gradually sharp or sharp; the root part is narrow wedge-shaped, the flower is single, the calyx is cupped, the corolla is white, the anther is grayish purple, the fruit stem is thicker, the fruit is long finger-shaped, the seed is flat kidney-shaped, and the color is faint yellow. The pepper has strict requirements on the moisture of the conditions, is neither drought-resistant nor waterlogging-resistant, and is liked to be in drier air conditions, annual or limited perennial plants with the height of 40-80 cm. The stem is nearly hairless or slightly velvety, and the branches are slightly bent in a zigzag manner. The leaves are intertriginous, the top nodes of the branches do not extend to form a twinning or cluster shape, the rectangular round oval shape, the oval shape or the oval shape is in a needle shape, the length is 4-13 cm, the width is 1.5-4 cm, the whole edge is short, tapered or sharp at the top end, and the base part is in a narrow wedge shape; the petiole is 4-7 cm long. The flowers are single and drooping; calyx shaped, no significant 5 teeth; white corolla, split oval; the anther is grayish purple. The fruit stalks are thicker and drooping; the fruits are long finger-shaped, the top is tapered and often bent, green when immature, red, orange or purplish red after mature, spicy. There are two kinds of pepper flowers, one is white and the other is purple, and the two kinds of pepper flowers have three kinds from four petals to six petals. Moreover, the two kinds of the cayenne pepper also have different flowers: the purple cayenne pepper is purple, and the white cayenne pepper is the common red cayenne pepper. The seeds are flat kidney-shaped, 3-5 mm long and light yellow. The flower and fruit period is 5-11 months. The following problems exist in the prior art:
1. the problem of plant diseases and insect pests is easily caused due to single variety of the peppers in the planting process, and meanwhile, the yield of the peppers is low;
2. after the peppers are planted and the peppers are subjected to fruit bearing, the situation that the pepper fruit bearing rate is low is easy to occur in the pepper fruit bearing process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for breeding pepper varieties comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) hybridizing, namely hybridizing the selected female parent and the selected male parent, normally managing the selected female parent and the selected male parent, and collecting pepper seeds.
Step two: and (4) accelerating germination, namely placing the collected pepper seeds in a culture dish for culture.
Step three: and (3) seedling raising, namely transplanting the pepper seedlings in the culture medium into the seedbed to keep the growth speed of the pepper seedlings in the seedbed consistent.
Step four: and (4) separating seedlings, and transplanting the pepper seedlings to a plurality of groups of test areas.
Step five: and (4) breeding, namely performing water and fertilizer management on the pepper seedlings transplanted into the test area, and performing growth record on the planted pepper varieties.
Step six: screening, namely performing regional experiments on the planted pepper fine variety, and performing a production experiment in comparison with the original pepper variety to obtain a new pepper variety.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and in the second step of germination accelerating, the pepper seeds are placed in water, the water level exceeds the height of the seeds, the soaking time is 6-8 hours, the pepper seeds are fished out after soaking, water is controlled, the soaked seeds are placed in a culture medium, a paper towel or gauze is placed in the culture medium, the seeds are placed on the paper towel or gauze, the surface of the culture medium is wrapped with a plastic film, and the temperature in the culture medium is kept at 25-30 ℃.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: watering the seedbed immediately after planting in the third step, generally maintaining seedling separation, covering wet fine soil on the surface of the seedbed for 2-3 times to prevent the seedbed from hardening and cracking, wherein the soil covering is carried out at noon with higher temperature on fine days, the seedbed soil is overdried, watering is carried out properly by using a watering can, and when the humidity of the seedbed is overhigh, the dry fine soil or hay wood ash is scattered to strengthen ventilation so as to meet the requirement of seedling growth.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and in the fourth step, the planting distance between each pepper seedling is (60-66) cm x (27-30) cm.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: when water and fertilizer management is carried out in the fifth step, during the middle and later growth period of the additional fertilizer, the plants have more fruits, the fertilizer demand is large, the soil fertility is good, the land with sufficient base fertilizer can be watered, 10 kilograms of water-soluble fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium being 2: 1: 2) or 10 kilograms of urea is applied to each mu of land, 7.5 kilograms of potassium sulfate is added, the organic fertilizer is not applied to the base fertilizer, the land with insufficient additional fertilizer and premature senility is harvested, after each time of picking, 10 kilograms of water-soluble fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium being 2: 1: 2) or 10 kilograms of urea is applied to each mu of land in combination with watering, 7.5 kilograms of potassium sulfate is added, 2-3 times of continuous application are carried out, 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 1% of calcium superphosphate leaching solution or 1-2% of potassium nitrate solution is sprayed every 7-10 days, 2-3 times of spraying are carried out totally, the weight of single fruit can be improved, the color and luster of hot pepper are improved, in pepper fields mainly harvesting fresh peppers, after each harvest, watering is carried out properly according to soil moisture, watering is generally carried out every 7-10 days, proper water control is carried out at the later stage of the land parcels mainly harvesting dry peppers, watering is stopped 15-20 days before harvest, and if accumulated water exists, the accumulated water is removed in time.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: compared with the original variety, the new pepper variety in the sixth step has improved plant type, plant height, flowering quantity and fruiting quality.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical progress that:
1. the invention provides a method for breeding pepper varieties, the new pepper variety cultivated by the method has excellent disease resistance, and meanwhile, the planting distance among pepper seedlings is controlled, so that the pepper seedlings can keep good ventilation, the yield is higher than that of common pepper varieties, the disease resistance of the new pepper variety can be effectively improved, meanwhile, the new pepper variety can increase the planting yield, and the method has wide market prospect.
2. The invention provides a method for breeding pepper varieties, which is characterized in that water soluble fertilizer or urea and potassium sulfate are applied to top dressing of peppers before and after fruiting, so that the peppers in a test area keep sufficient nutrients, the weight of single fruits can be improved, the colors of the fruits are bright, the pepper grade is improved, normal fruiting of the peppers can be guaranteed, the growth and fruiting of branches and leaves after autumn of the peppers can be promoted, and meanwhile, according to a pepper field mainly harvesting fresh peppers, after each harvesting, watering is properly according to the soil moisture, watering is performed every 7-10 days, water is properly controlled at the later stage of a field mainly harvesting dry peppers, watering is stopped 15-20 days before harvesting, and timely draining is performed when water is accumulated, so that influence on the peppers in the test area is avoided.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples: the invention provides a method for breeding pepper varieties, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) hybridizing, namely hybridizing the selected female parent and the selected male parent, normally managing the selected female parent and the selected male parent, and collecting pepper seeds.
Step two: and (2) accelerating germination, namely placing the collected pepper seeds in a culture dish for culture, in the accelerating germination process, putting the pepper seeds into water, enabling the water level to exceed the height of the seeds, taking out the pepper seeds after soaking for 6-8 hours, controlling water, placing the soaked seeds in a culture medium, placing paper towels or gauze in the culture medium, placing the seeds on the paper towels or gauze, wrapping the surface of the culture medium with a plastic film, and keeping the temperature in the culture medium at 25-30 ℃.
Step three: seedling raising, namely transplanting the pepper seedlings in a culture medium into a seedbed to keep the growth speed of the pepper seedlings in the seedbed consistent, immediately watering the seedbed after planting, generally maintaining seedling separation, covering fine wet soil on the surface of the seedbed for 2-3 times to prevent the seedbed from hardening and cracking, covering soil at noon with high temperature on fine days, over-drying the seedbed soil, properly watering by using a watering can, spreading dry fine soil or dry plant ash when the humidity of the seedbed is over high, and enhancing ventilation so as to meet the growth requirement of the seedlings.
Step four: and (3) dividing seedlings, transplanting the pepper seedlings to a plurality of groups of test areas, wherein the planting distance between every two pepper seedlings is (60-66) cm x (27-30) cm.
Step five: breeding, performing water and fertilizer management on pepper seedlings transplanted into a test area, performing growth record on the planted pepper varieties, performing water and fertilizer management, fertilizing 10 kilograms of hot pepper plants with more fruits, large fertilizer demand, good soil fertility and sufficient base fertilizer in the middle and later growth stages of the hot pepper, applying 10 kilograms of water-soluble fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium being 2: 1: 2) or 10 kilograms of urea and 7.5 kilograms of potassium sulfate to the land with insufficient base fertilizer, applying 7.5 kilograms of potassium sulfate to the land without the base fertilizer and insufficient base fertilizer and with premature senility, after picking each time, watering 10 kilograms and applying 10 kilograms of water-soluble fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium being 2: 1: 2) or 10 kilograms and 10 kilograms of urea and 7.5 kilograms of potassium sulfate to the land with insufficient base fertilizer, continuously applying 2-3 times, spraying 0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 1 percent potassium nitrate leachate or 1-2 percent calcium phosphate solution to the land after picking each time, spraying 1 time every 7-10 days, spraying for 2-3 times to increase the weight of single fruit, make the color of fruit bright, and increase the grade of pepper, after harvesting each time, watering properly according to the soil moisture content, generally watering once every 7-10 days, controlling water properly in the later period of the land mass mainly comprising dry pepper, stopping watering 15-20 days before harvesting, and removing accumulated water in time if any.
Step six: screening, namely performing regional experiments on the planted pepper fine variety, and performing a production experiment by comparing the pepper fine variety with an original pepper variety to obtain a new pepper variety, wherein the new pepper variety is improved in plant type, plant height, flowering quantity and fruiting quality compared with the original pepper variety.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps: and (3) hybridizing, namely hybridizing the selected female parent and the selected male parent, normally managing the selected female parent and the selected male parent, and collecting pepper seeds.
Step two: accelerating germination, place the hot pepper seed of collecting and cultivate in the culture dish, the accelerating germination in-process still includes puts the hot pepper seed into the aquatic, and the height of water level will exceed the height of seed, the soak time is 6h, take out after soaking, and carry out the accuse water, the seed after will soaking simultaneously is placed inside the culture medium, and put paper towel or gauze in the culture medium, place the seed on paper towel or gauze, and wrap up plastic film on the surface of culture medium, make the temperature in the culture medium keep 25 ℃.
Step three: seedling raising, namely transplanting the pepper seedlings in a culture medium into a seedbed to keep the growth speed of the pepper seedlings in the seedbed consistent, watering the seedbed immediately after planting, generally maintaining seedling separation, covering fine soil on the surface of the seedbed for 2 times to prevent the seedbed from hardening and cracking, covering soil at noon with high temperature in sunny days, over-drying the seedbed soil, properly watering by using a watering can, spreading dry fine soil or dry plant ash when the humidity of the seedbed is over high, and enhancing ventilation so as to meet the growth requirement of the seedlings.
Step four: and (3) dividing seedlings, transplanting the pepper seedlings to a plurality of groups of test areas, wherein the planting distance between every two pepper seedlings is 60cm x 27 cm.
Step five: breeding, performing water and fertilizer management on pepper seedlings transplanted into a test area, performing growth record on the planted pepper varieties, performing water and fertilizer management, fertilizing 10 kilograms of pepper plants with more fruits, large fertilizer demand, good soil fertility and sufficient base fertilizer in the middle and later growth stages of the peppers, adding 7.5 kilograms of potassium sulfate into 10 kilograms of urea or 10 kilograms of water-soluble fertilizer per mu of land, adding 7.5 kilograms of potassium sulfate into 10 kilograms of the base fertilizer without organic fertilizer or insufficient base fertilizer, continuously applying 2 times after each picking, watering 10 kilograms of water-soluble fertilizer (2: 1: 2) or 10 kilograms of potassium sulfate into 10 kilograms of urea, spraying 0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 1 percent calcium superphosphate solution or 1-2 percent potassium superphosphate solution into each mu of land, spraying 1 time every 7 days and spraying 2 times after each picking, the weight of single fruit can be increased, the color of the fruit is bright, the pepper grade is increased, after each harvest, the pepper field mainly harvesting fresh peppers is properly watered according to the soil moisture content, generally, one water is watered every 7 days, the water is properly controlled in the later period of the land parcel mainly harvesting dry peppers, the watering is stopped 15 days before the harvest, and if the accumulated water exists, the accumulated water is timely removed.
Step six: screening, namely performing regional experiments on the planted pepper fine variety, and performing a production experiment by comparing the pepper fine variety with an original pepper variety to obtain a new pepper variety, wherein the new pepper variety is improved in plant type, plant height, flowering quantity and fruiting quality compared with the original pepper variety.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps: and (3) hybridizing, namely hybridizing the selected female parent and the selected male parent, normally managing the selected female parent and the selected male parent, and collecting pepper seeds.
Step two: accelerating germination, place the hot pepper seed of collecting and cultivate in the culture dish, the accelerating germination in-process, still include and put into the aquatic with the hot pepper seed, and the height that the water level height will exceed the seed, the soak time is 8h, fish out after soaking, and carry out the accuse water, the seed after will soaking simultaneously is placed inside the culture medium, and put paper handkerchief or gauze in the culture medium, place the seed on paper handkerchief or gauze, and wrap up plastic film on the surface of culture medium, make the temperature in the culture medium keep at 30 ℃.
Step three: seedling raising, namely transplanting the pepper seedlings in a culture medium into a seedbed to keep the growth speed of the pepper seedlings in the seedbed consistent, watering the seedbed immediately after planting, generally maintaining seedling separation, covering the surface of the seedbed with wet fine soil for 3 times to prevent the seedbed from hardening and cracking, covering soil at noon with high temperature in sunny days, over-drying the seedbed soil, properly watering by using a watering can, spreading dry fine soil or dry plant ash when the humidity of the seedbed is over high, and enhancing ventilation so as to meet the growth requirement of the seedlings.
Step four: and (3) dividing seedlings, transplanting the pepper seedlings to a plurality of groups of test areas, wherein the planting distance between every two pepper seedlings is 66cm x 30 cm.
Step five: breeding, performing water and fertilizer management on pepper seedlings transplanted into a test area, performing growth record on the planted pepper varieties, performing water and fertilizer management, fertilizing 10 kilograms of hot pepper plants with more fruits, large fertilizer demand, good soil fertility and sufficient base fertilizer in the middle and later growth stages of the hot pepper, applying 10 kilograms of water-soluble fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 2) or 10 kilograms of urea and 7.5 kilograms of potassium sulfate to each mu of land with sufficient base fertilizer, applying 10 kilograms of non-organic fertilizer, insufficient base fertilizer and land with premature senility expression to each mu of land, combining watering and applying 10 kilograms of water-soluble fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 2: 1: 2) or 10 kilograms of urea and 7.5 kilograms of potassium sulfate to each mu of land with insufficient base fertilizer, continuously applying for 3 times, spraying 0.3 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 1 percent calcium superphosphate solution or 1-2 percent potassium superphosphate solution to each mu of land after each time of picking, spraying 1 time every 10 days and 3 times for the total times, the weight of single fruit can be increased, the color of the fruit is bright, the pepper grade is increased, after each harvest, the pepper field mainly harvesting fresh peppers is properly watered according to the soil moisture content, generally, one water is watered every 10 days, the water is properly controlled in the later period of the land parcel mainly harvesting dry peppers, the watering is stopped 18 days before the harvest, and if the accumulated water exists, the accumulated water is timely removed.
Step six: screening, namely performing regional experiments on the planted pepper fine variety, and performing a production experiment by comparing the pepper fine variety with an original pepper variety to obtain a new pepper variety, wherein the new pepper variety is improved in plant type, plant height, flowering quantity and fruiting quality compared with the original pepper variety.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the new pepper variety cultivated has excellent disease resistance, the planting distance between the pepper seedlings is controlled, so that the pepper seedlings can keep good ventilation, the yield is higher than that of a common pepper variety, the disease resistance of the new pepper variety can be effectively improved, the planting yield of the new pepper variety can be increased, the new pepper variety has wide market prospect, the pepper before and after fruiting is fertilized by applying water soluble fertilizer or urea and potassium sulfate, the nutrient of the pepper in a test area is sufficient, the weight of a single fruit can be improved, the color of the fruit is bright, the pepper grade is improved, the normal fruiting of the pepper can be ensured, the growth and the fruit bearing of branches and leaves after the autumn of the pepper can be promoted, and the fresh pepper is watered properly according to the soil moisture after each harvest every 7-10 days, and the water is properly controlled in the later stage of the land parcel mainly for harvesting the dry peppers, the watering is stopped 15-20 days before harvesting, and the water is timely removed when accumulated water exists, so that the influence on the peppers in the test area is avoided.
The present invention has been described in general terms in the foregoing, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the present invention. Therefore, modifications or improvements are within the scope of the invention without departing from the spirit of the inventive concept.
Claims (6)
1. A method for breeding pepper varieties is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: hybridizing, namely hybridizing the selected female parent and the selected male parent, normally managing the selected female parent and the selected male parent, and collecting pepper seeds;
step two: accelerating germination, namely placing the collected pepper seeds in a culture dish for culture;
step three: seedling culture, namely transplanting the pepper seedlings in the culture medium into a seedbed to keep the growth speed of the pepper seedlings in the seedbed consistent;
step four: separating the seedlings, namely transplanting the pepper seedlings to a plurality of groups of test areas;
step five: breeding, namely performing water and fertilizer management on pepper seedlings transplanted into the test area, and performing growth record on the planted pepper varieties;
step six: screening, namely performing regional experiments on the planted pepper fine variety, and performing a production experiment in comparison with the original pepper variety to obtain a new pepper variety.
2. The method for breeding the variety of the capsicum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the second step of germination accelerating, the pepper seeds are placed in water, the water level exceeds the height of the seeds, the soaking time is 6-8 hours, the pepper seeds are fished out after soaking, water is controlled, the soaked seeds are placed in a culture medium, a paper towel or gauze is placed in the culture medium, the seeds are placed on the paper towel or gauze, the surface of the culture medium is wrapped with a plastic film, and the temperature in the culture medium is kept at 25-30 ℃.
3. The method for breeding the variety of the capsicum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the third step, the seedbed is watered immediately after being planted, the seedling is generally kept until the seedling is separated, and the surface of the seedbed is covered with wet fine soil for 2-3 times to prevent the seedbed from hardening and cracking, the soil covering is carried out at noon with higher temperature on fine days, the seedbed soil is over-dried, a watering can is used for properly watering, and when the humidity of the seedbed is over-high, the dry fine soil or hay wood ash is scattered, so that the ventilation is enhanced, and the requirement of seedling growth is met.
4. The method for breeding the variety of the capsicum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the fourth step, the planting distance between each pepper seedling is (60-66) cm x (27-30) cm.
5. The method for breeding the variety of the capsicum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: when water and fertilizer management is carried out in the fifth step, during the middle and later growth period of the additional fertilizer, the plants have more fruits, the fertilizer demand is large, the soil fertility is good, the land with sufficient base fertilizer can be watered, 10 kilograms of water-soluble fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium being 2: 1: 2) or 10 kilograms of urea is applied to each mu of land, 7.5 kilograms of potassium sulfate is added, the organic fertilizer is not applied to the base fertilizer, the land with insufficient additional fertilizer and premature senility is harvested, after each time of picking, 10 kilograms of water-soluble fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium being 2: 1: 2) or 10 kilograms of urea is applied to each mu of land in combination with watering, 7.5 kilograms of potassium sulfate is added, 2-3 times of continuous application are carried out, 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 1% of calcium superphosphate leaching solution or 1-2% of potassium nitrate solution is sprayed every 7-10 days, 2-3 times of spraying are carried out totally, the weight of single fruit can be improved, the color and luster of hot pepper are improved, in a pepper field mainly harvesting fresh peppers, after each harvesting, watering is carried out properly according to the soil moisture content, watering is generally carried out every 7-10 days, the watering is properly controlled at the later stage of the land parcel mainly harvesting dry peppers, the watering is stopped 15-20 days before harvesting, and if accumulated water exists, the accumulated water is removed in time.
6. The method for breeding the variety of the capsicum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: compared with the original variety, the new pepper variety in the sixth step has improved plant type, plant height, flowering quantity and fruiting quality.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104813917A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-08-05 | 常州市科宏电子电器有限公司 | Breeding method of pepper |
| CN106962183A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-07-21 | 郑州市蔬菜研究所 | A kind of breeding method of the capsicum of Zheng green pepper 19 |
| CN109122110A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-01-04 | 衡阳市丰庆农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of pepper cultivation management method |
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| CN104813917A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-08-05 | 常州市科宏电子电器有限公司 | Breeding method of pepper |
| CN106962183A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-07-21 | 郑州市蔬菜研究所 | A kind of breeding method of the capsicum of Zheng green pepper 19 |
| CN109122110A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-01-04 | 衡阳市丰庆农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of pepper cultivation management method |
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