CN105010130A - Breeding method of few-seed watermelons - Google Patents
Breeding method of few-seed watermelons Download PDFInfo
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- CN105010130A CN105010130A CN201510472377.1A CN201510472377A CN105010130A CN 105010130 A CN105010130 A CN 105010130A CN 201510472377 A CN201510472377 A CN 201510472377A CN 105010130 A CN105010130 A CN 105010130A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of few-seed watermelons. Watermelon selfing line seeds E1 are soaked in distilled water and then put into an EMS phosphate buffer to be processed, and the processed watermelon selfing line seeds are sown; after flowering, pollen vitality identification is conducted on all strains, and selfing fertilization is conducted on the single plants with the pollen vitality lower than 50 percent; selfing seeds harvested from the single plants are sown, and 20 plants are sown for each single plant; strains with normal pollen fertility are selected as male parents, the non-processed watermelon selfing line serves as female parents, common hybridization is conducted, selfing fertilization is conducted on the male parents, and the male parent seeds and the hybrid seeds are collected; the hybrid seeds are sown, male parents with low pollen vitality of all single plants in the same combination are marked, the marked male parents and other watermelon selfing lines are subjected to hybridization, and the first-filial generation combination with few seeds is selected. The few-seed watermelonss obtained through the method can keep the superior properties of the original selfing line, and the first-filial generation shows the stable few-seed property.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of selection of watermelon with few seeds, belong to field of plant variety breeding technology.
Background technology
Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum et Nakai] is important horticultural crop, and few seed or aspermous watermelon are the important indicators of high-quality watermelon.Watermelon with few seeds can be divided into: the few seed of the few seed of hormone, polyploid and the few seed of transposition, and the deadly defect such as the polyploid breeding method of current employing exists that seed collecting amount is low, germination rate is low and planting percent is low.Transposition watermelon with few seeds is the diploid hybrid generation variety of watermelon utilizing the few seed parent preparation of Chromosome translocation.The watermelon with few seeds utilizing the method to obtain can take into account the plurality of advantages of common diploid kind, importantly shows stable few seed proterties.Therefore, the new way of watermelon breeding is become by the few seed high-quality watermelon new lines of innovation breeding material seed selection.
At present, bring out the mutual transposition of nonhomologous chromosome internode section by the ionizing ray such as x-ray or gamma-rays and cause pollen or egg cell partial sterility to obtain translocation line, then excellent translocation line be normally hybridize to obtain the first generation of hybrid, show few seed or without seed.As far back as the sixties in 20th century, the wood of Japan is former has all carried out the research cultivating watermelon with few seeds with chromosome translocation, obtains the translocation line of partial sterility in various degree, but has no the application of improved crossing generation watermelon and produce; And gardening point place 20, the torrid zone, Taiwan Province's agricultural test institute of China Fengshan century 70 had once been bred as " few little phoenix of seed " watermelon strain by chromosome translocation technology; Biological institute of Guangdong academy of agricultural sciences starts to carry out watermelon chromosome translocation research for 1978, has cultivated the few seed first-filial generation of the transposition such as No. 1, Yi Hong, No. 5, Yi Hong, production shows high yield high-quality and starts production application by 1987; Northwest Agricultural University cooperates with Gansu Agriculture University " rising sun large and " dry seeds Co
60gamma-rays repeatedly irradiates, and has been bred as a collection of heterozygosis transposition watermelon with few seeds strain, and its seed is the few 50%-80% of common diploid comparatively, only containing more than ten grains extremely tens of seeds in single melon that seed amount is minimum.
In sum, watermelon with few seeds key is cultivated in the seed selection of watermelon Chromosome translocation.Though and it is feasible to utilize the multipair chromosome translocation of Induced By Irradiation to cultivate few seed translocation line, radiation treatment must cause watermelon gene mutation, is unfavorable for the cultivation of merit translocation line.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the defect existed for prior art, a kind of selection of watermelon with few seeds is provided, both can keep the merit of former inbred line, first-filial generation shows again stable few seed proterties, provides a kind of new way for seed selection watermelon with few seeds strain.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A selection for watermelon with few seeds, comprises the steps:
(1) by watermelon inbred lines seed E
1saturated to absorbing water with distilled water immersion, then proceed in EMS phosphate buffer and process, with clear water rinsing 3 times after process, then use running water 30min;
(2) by the watermelon inbred lines seed E through above-mentioned process
1, sow 150, Post flowering, carries out pollen viability qualification to each strain, and to pollen viability lower than 50% individual plant carry out pollination self, to the selfed seed E that each individual plant is gathered in the crops
2be numbered;
(3) will from E
1for individual plant selfing planting seed, each individual plant sows 20, to E
2pollen Activity qualification is carried out for each strain, after qualification, at the normal strain of existing fertility and pollen viability lower than selecting the normal strain of pollen fertility as male parent in the individual plant of 50%, using untreated watermelon inbred lines as female parent, carry out conventional hybridization, and pollination self is carried out to male parent, collect male parent seed and hybrid seed;
(4) sow hybrid seed, then carry out pollen viability qualification at the florescence, the male parent low to individual plant Pollen Activity whole in same combination is marked, with mark male parent and other watermelon inbred lines carry out hybridization match lack seed first-filial generation combine.
In the selection of aforementioned watermelon with few seeds, described in step (1), the concentration of EMS phosphate buffer is 1.3%.
In the selection of aforementioned watermelon with few seeds, phosphate buffer density described in step (1) is 0.05mol/L (PH=7.0).
In the selection of aforementioned watermelon with few seeds, the time of the EMS phosphate buffer process described in step (1) is 6-8h.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Utilize method of the present invention to obtain translocation line, both can keep the merit of former inbred line, first-filial generation shows again stable few seed proterties.The announcement of this technology can provide a kind of a kind of new way of seed selection watermelon translocation line, thus provides technical support for acceleration watermelon genetic resources is applied to production.And the inventive method is simple, be easy to operation.
Embodiment
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Material used in following embodiment, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
The seed selection of embodiment one watermelon with few seeds strain W1301:
Step one, choose variety of watermelon ' glad No. one of capital ', continuous selfing 5 generation, obtain inbred line wmj08, wmj09 and wmj10 of various trait.
Step 2, by saturated to absorbing water for inbred line wmj10 seed distilled water immersion, after proceed to 1.3% EMS phosphate buffer (phosphate buffer density is 0.05mol/L, PH=7.0) process 8h in, with clear water rinsing 3 times after process, then uses running water 30min.Seed (E1) after sowing process, sows 150 strains, numbering A1 respectively ~ A150.Post flowering, carries out pollen viability qualification to each strain, identify altogether pollen viability lower than 50% individual plant 7 strain, numbering B1 respectively ~ B7, then carries out artificial bagging selfing to B1 ~ B7;
Step 3, by B1 ~ B7 selfed seed (E2) sow, each individual plant sows 20.To E
2pollen viability qualification is carried out for each strain.After qualification, find the strain of the normal strain of existing fertility and pollen viability low (lower than 50%) in B3 and B7 individual plant, in selection B3 and B7, the normal strain of pollen fertility is as male parent, numbering B31, B32, B33, B34, B71, B72 and B73 respectively, using watermelon inbred lines wmj08 and wmj09 as female parent, carry out conventional hybridization, total hybrid combination 14, and pollination self is carried out to male parent.Collect male parent seed and hybrid seed;
Step 4, sow all hybrid combination seeds.Florescence carries out pollen viability qualification.Qualification result shows: hybrid combination wmj09 × B33 whole individual plant Pollen Activity is low, through 2 years community approval tests, determines that this is combined as watermelon with few seeds strain, called after W1301.
Comparative trial:
Choose inbred line wmj10 full seed and carry out EMS mutagenic treatment.The concentration for the treatment of of EMS is 0.8%, 1.3% and 1.8%, and induction time is respectively 4h, 8h and 12h, each process 30 seeds.Process seed is first saturated to absorbing water with distilled water immersion, then at room temperature proceeds to the time that in the phosphate buffer (phosphate buffer density is 0.05mol/L) containing variable concentrations EMS, process is different.Seed after process then according to invention step one, two and three screening contain the plant of translocation chromosome.
Table 1 variable concentrations EMS and different induction time induction inbred line wmj10 obtains the frequency of chromosome translocation
Table 1 result shows: under EMS concentration 1.3% and induction time 8h condition, and the frequency that wmj10 obtains chromosome translocation is the highest, and therefore, 1.3%EMS and 8h induction time is the optimum condition obtaining wmj10 translocation line.
W1301 variety characteristic: plant root is flourishing, and growing way is medium, in branch ability, isogonic is strong, and medium blade size, incises medium; First female flower joint position 5-7 saves, and bearing capacity is strong, not easily dehiscent fruit.Fruit is circular, shagreen covers blackish green irregular cingulum, covers a small amount of wax powder, and outward appearance is beautiful.The heavy 3.4-4.2 kilogram of single melon, per plant 2, yellowish pink pink, the crisp sweet and succulence of fine and tender taste, center sugar about 12.5%, limit sugar 10-12%, thick 0.8 centimetre of pericarp, commodity melon seed maturity is black, grain weight 20-40 grain, totally few, quality is very excellent, not easily dehiscent fruit.
Test proves: adopt the watermelon new lines W1301 grain weight of the method seed selection of the present embodiment few, product are of fine quality, not easily dehiscent fruit.
The seed selection of embodiment two watermelon with few seeds strain W1406:
Step one, choose variety of watermelon ' little Lan ', continuous selfing 5 generation, obtain inbred line wmx03, wmx06 and wmx08 of various trait.
Step 2, by saturated to absorbing water for inbred line wmx08 seed distilled water immersion, after proceed to 1.3% EMS phosphate buffer (phosphate buffer density is 0.05mol/L, PH=7.0) process 8h in, with clear water rinsing 3 times after process, then uses running water 30min.Seed (E1) after sowing process, sows 150 strains, numbering A1 respectively ~ A150.Post flowering, carries out pollen viability qualification to each strain, identify altogether pollen viability lower than 50% individual plant 4 strain, numbering B1 respectively ~ B4, then carries out artificial bagging selfing to B1 ~ B4;
Step 3, by B1 ~ B4 selfed seed (E2) sow, each individual plant sows 20.To E
2pollen viability qualification is carried out for each strain.After qualification, find the strain of the normal strain of existing fertility and pollen viability low (lower than 50%) in B1 individual plant, in selection B1, the normal strain of pollen fertility is as male parent, numbering B11, B12, B13, B14, B15 and B16 respectively, using watermelon inbred lines wmX03 and wmX06 as female parent, carry out conventional hybridization, total hybrid combination 12, and pollination self is carried out to male parent.Collect male parent seed and hybrid seed;
Step 4, sow all hybrid combination seeds.Florescence carries out pollen viability qualification.Qualification result shows: hybrid combination wmX03 × B11 whole individual plant Pollen Activity is low, through 2 years community approval tests, determines that this is combined as watermelon with few seeds strain, called after W1406.
Comparative trial:
Choose inbred line wmx08 full seed and carry out EMS mutagenic treatment.The concentration for the treatment of of EMS is 0.8%, 1.3% and 1.8%, and induction time is respectively 4h, 8h and 12h, each process 30 seeds.Process seed is first saturated to absorbing water with distilled water immersion, then at room temperature proceeds to the time that in the phosphate buffer (phosphate buffer density is 0.05mol/L) containing variable concentrations EMS, process is different.Seed after process then according to invention step one, two and three screening contain the plant of translocation chromosome.
Table 2 variable concentrations EMS and different induction time induction inbred line wmx08 obtains the frequency of chromosome translocation
Table 2 result shows: under EMS concentration 1.3% and induction time 8h condition, and the frequency that wmx08 obtains chromosome translocation is the highest, and therefore, 1.3%EMS and 8h induction time is the optimum condition obtaining wmx08 translocation line.
W1406 variety characteristic: field growing gesture is medium, easily bears fruit, degeneration-resistant, disease resistance is medium.First female flower joint position 6-7 saves, from bearing fruit to gathering 31 days, the 105 days time of infertility.The short ellipse of fruit, fruit shallow green, cover the narrow cingulum of bottle green, single melon weighs 2.3 kilograms, skin depth 0.4 centimetre, and pulp is yellow, center sugar 11.2%, limit sugar 7.3%, grain weight 20-30 grain, and totally few, quality is very excellent, not easily dehiscent fruit.
Test proves: adopt the watermelon new lines W1406 grain weight of the method seed selection of the present embodiment few, product are of fine quality, not easily dehiscent fruit.
Claims (4)
1. a selection for watermelon with few seeds, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) by watermelon inbred lines seed E
1saturated to absorbing water with distilled water immersion, then proceed in EMS phosphate buffer and process, with clear water rinsing 3 times after process, then use running water 30min;
(2) by the watermelon inbred lines seed E through above-mentioned process
1, sow 150, Post flowering, carries out pollen viability qualification to each strain, and to pollen viability lower than 50% individual plant carry out pollination self, to the selfed seed E that each individual plant is gathered in the crops
2be numbered;
(3) will from E
2for individual plant selfing planting seed, each individual plant sows 20, to E
2pollen Activity qualification is carried out for each strain, after qualification, at the normal strain of existing fertility and pollen viability lower than selecting the normal strain of pollen fertility as male parent in the individual plant of 50%, using untreated watermelon inbred lines as female parent, carry out conventional hybridization, and pollination self is carried out to male parent, collect male parent seed and hybrid seed;
(4) sow hybrid seed, then carry out pollen viability qualification at the florescence, the male parent low to individual plant Pollen Activity whole in same combination is marked, with mark male parent and other watermelon inbred lines carry out hybridization match lack seed first-filial generation combine.
2. the selection of a kind of watermelon with few seeds according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described in step (1), the concentration of EMS phosphate buffer is 1.3%.
3. the selection of a kind of watermelon with few seeds according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described in step (1), phosphate buffer density is 0.05mol/L, PH=7.0.
4. the selection of a kind of watermelon with few seeds according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the time of the EMS phosphate buffer process described in step (1) is 8h.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107787779A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-03-13 | 甘肃华园西甜瓜开发有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of the red seed melon of multipurpose |
| CN109275561A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-29 | 山西省农业科学院农业资源与经济研究所 | A kind of selection of disease-resistant watermelon variety |
| CN112640779A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-04-13 | 北京大学现代农业研究院 | Method for creating watermelon mutant by using EMS mutagenesis |
-
2015
- 2015-08-04 CN CN201510472377.1A patent/CN105010130A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 吴进义等: "诱变选育西瓜染色体易位系的步骤及其杂交1代少籽组合的选配", 《中国瓜菜》 * |
| 王学征等: "EMS诱变西瓜种子条件分析", 《东北农业大学学报》 * |
| 王浩波等: "丰乐黑优美西瓜新品种的选育和推广", 《中国瓜菜》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107787779A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-03-13 | 甘肃华园西甜瓜开发有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of the red seed melon of multipurpose |
| CN109275561A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-29 | 山西省农业科学院农业资源与经济研究所 | A kind of selection of disease-resistant watermelon variety |
| CN112640779A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-04-13 | 北京大学现代农业研究院 | Method for creating watermelon mutant by using EMS mutagenesis |
| CN112640779B (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2022-05-31 | 北京大学现代农业研究院 | Method for creating watermelon mutant by using EMS mutagenesis |
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