CN101171906A - Tobacco gamma-ray and mutagenesis idioplasm innovation and breed selecting and cultivating technique - Google Patents
Tobacco gamma-ray and mutagenesis idioplasm innovation and breed selecting and cultivating technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN101171906A CN101171906A CNA2007100779650A CN200710077965A CN101171906A CN 101171906 A CN101171906 A CN 101171906A CN A2007100779650 A CNA2007100779650 A CN A2007100779650A CN 200710077965 A CN200710077965 A CN 200710077965A CN 101171906 A CN101171906 A CN 101171906A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tobacco Gamma ray seed quality induction mutation innovation and variety selection technology. The technology comprises: firstly, material selection, air dried seeds of the tobacco cultivating variety, which has better comprehensive traits and strong adaptability, are selected; secondly, seed treatment, the dosage of Gamma ray is 350Gy, the dosage rate is 0.8 to 1Gy, and the treated seed number is more than 10 000; thirdly, M1 planting and management, the planting density is enlarged, and the appropriate planting group is 5000 to 8000 plants; the seeds are harvested according to the method of one tree with less grains, and the seeds are mixed according to the seed type; fourthly, M2 planting and management, the appropriate planting group is 8000 to 10000 plants; fifthly, M3 and the sequent treatment, the single plant selected from the M2 generation is planted into the M3 generation plant line, each plant line has 150 to 200 plants. The technology has the following advantages: firstly, the radiation absorption dosage and the dosage rate are clear, thereby being advantageous for the actual operation and the enhancement of the selection rate; secondly, the selection technology integrates the simplicity and the practicability into a whole, and the selection effect and the efficiency are enhanced to the maximum degree under the minimum group scope and investment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to methods for the treatment of seed, specifically, relate to tobacco germplasm innovation and breeding technology.
Technical background
Utilize physical factors such as electromagnetic radiation and ionizing radiation to bring out sudden change and carry out crop germplasm innovation and breed breeding, it is the important component part of peaceful use of atomic energy, owing to this method mutation frequency height, sudden change spectrum width, can break the linkage of characters and accelerate advantages such as mutant character is stable again, be widely used in germplasm innovation and the breeding of new variety of crops.Aspect gamma-rays processing cigarette kind, the technical scheme application has been arranged patent, for example No. 97119883.7 " gamma ray irradiation treatment process of tobacco seed " of Chinese patent application part, No. 01108714.5 " breeding method of black leg-resisting tobacco variety ' Honghuadajinyuan ' " etc.And suitable mutagenesis dosage and breeding technique are this method key for high-efficient use.Existing document announcement: the optimal dose of tobacco gamma-ray and mutagenesis seed is 50-1, and 000Gy (Tong Daoru. tobacco breeding is learned. Beijing: Chinese agriculture publishing house, 1997:269),, limited to the directive significance of practical application because this dosage range is excessive.A dosage range relative narrower can efficiently be brought out the treatment dosage and the corresponding techniques system of sudden change again and do not appeared in the newspapers as yet but up to now.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the technology of tobacco gamma-ray and mutagenesis idioplasm innovation and breed breeding, make it can efficiently bring out the tobacco seed sudden change, realize the purpose of germplasm innovation and breed breeding at the gamma-rays dosage range of relative narrower.
The technology of tobacco gamma-ray and mutagenesis idioplasm innovation provided by the invention and breed breeding is a complete technical system, and it comprises:
(1) the tobacco mutant materials is selected
Select that comprehensive proterties is better, high-quality is suitable produces, and adaptability is stronger, the conventional kind or crossbreed of excellence cultivation that need improve indivedual bad proterties;
(2) seed treatment
The dry seed of selected materials balance in the drier that fills 50% Glycerine-Aqueous Solution was carried out irradiation treatment with the dose rate of 0.8-1Gy/min and the absorbed dose of 350 Gy after 7 days, obtained a mutagenesis generation (M
1) seed;
(3) plantation of mutagenesis tobacco, selection and management
M with above-mentioned processing
1Sow, grow seedlings, transplant, cultivate for seed, the production links such as pollination of blooming, receipts are planted and are obtained mutagenesis two generations (M2) seed, sow once more, grow seedlings, transplant, cultivate, the pollination of blooming, receive to plant and obtain seed of future generation, so repeatedly plantation and to second, third, the plant in the 4th generation selects, after strain system is stable, all surpass or near the material that contrasts for continuous 2 years comprehensive proterties of excellent strain comparative test, can submit regional test to, enter the variety certification program.
In the said process, for M
1Should accomplish as far as possible to sow in positive season of ground main cultivation of preliminary election kind for seed, avoid making M because changing sowing time and ecological condition
1For plant change because of conditions such as sunshine and temperature in growth course, making grows normally is affected; M
1The whole ground in generation, sow, grow seedlings, transplanting and field management should carry out according to the suitableeest mode in locality, makes every effort to meticulous, to guarantee the higher survival rate of seedling; A field period bud picking is not pinched; But, M
1The planting density in generation can increase about 50% than the density of the common employing in locality, in order to dwindle M
1The planting scale in generation is saved cost and labour; M
1Open pollination of generation according to the few grain of strain method sowing, and is gathered in the crops the seed of the different fruit branch joint of same strain position, as far as possible to take full advantage of the sudden change chimera; Seed with same kind mutagenic progeny mixes then.
For mutagenesis two generations (M
2) plantation and selection, usually adopt the mode of classifying type miscegenation, i.e. the M of same kind
2For mixed seeding, and plant 1 row contrast every 3-5 is capable, in order to observe possible sudden change.M
2In generation, also should accomplish to plant the positive season sowing in ground at the main of preliminary election kind, and sow, grow seedlings, transplanting and whole field management all adopt the suitableeest mode in locality to carry out; A field period bud picking is not pinched; For take the disease resistance seed selection as purpose M
2In generation, can plant in the sick garden of the evaluation of purpose disease or disease district occurred frequently, and contrast every capable 1 row of planting of 3-5, in order to depress the raising Breeding Efficiency in certain selection; For according to the M that selects in the breeding objective
2For plant, should be at the bagging in squaring period, independent sowing, and by a part strict numbering, put down in writing main feature; Plant for not middle choosing can mix sowing, also can according to circumstances abandon sowing.
For mutagenesis three generations (M
3) and later processing, M
3In generation, also should accomplish to plant the positive season sowing in ground at preliminary election kind main, sows, grows seedlings, transplanting and whole field management all adopt the suitableeest local mode to carry out, and add the contrast of 1 row every the capable mutant material of 3-5; M
2The individual plant kind that generation is selected becomes M
3For strain, every strain 150-200 strain; Be main purpose M for the disease resistance seed selection
2Generation, can continue to plant in corresponding sick garden or disease district occurred frequently, every strain 500-800 strain, and plant 1 row contrast every 3-5 is capable is in order to the degree of stability of investigating mutant character with proceed to select; Should compare with control material during selection, be defined as mutating strain series after, select earlier excellent mutating strain series, therefrom select again excellent sudden change individual plant; The individual plant of selecting from high stability excellent mutating strain series changes M over to after the mixed receipts of plant division
4Carry out the test of output pilot study and resistance and Quality Identification.According to result of the test, M
4Select again best strain in the strain of participating in the experiment in generation, and from best strain, select excellent strain and carry out numerous kind; For mutant character unstabilized mutating strain series still, after the roguing at M
4Generation even M
5In generation, still plant by strain, continues to select; For the M that mixes sowing
2For material, its M
3In generation, is still with reference to M
2In generation, carried out miscegenation, the individual plant of middle choosing, its M
4In generation, be similar to M
2M for single sowing
3For processing method, postpone according to this; In the ordinary course of things, the tobacco mutagenic progeny is passed through M
3The selection in generation, most M
4Stable for strain, so M
4In generation, should be carried out seminal propagation work simultaneously except carrying out the output pilot study, be M
5In generation, participate in the major clique rating test seed preparation be provided; For continuous 2 years excellent strain comparative test Comprehensive Traits all above or approach the material of contrast, can submit regional testing to, enter the variety certification program.
The inventor points out: population size suitably is the necessary condition that ensures mutagenesis idioplasm innovation and breed breeding success, and therefore, in the seed treatment stage, the seed number of processing should be more than 10,000; M
1In generation, should increase planting density, M
1The plantation colony in generation should be 5,000-8 usually, 000 strain; Tobacco M
2Generation is the abundantest generation of variation type, also is the generation of the key selected, M
2The population size in generation should be at 8,000-10,000 strain; M
3Generation is that the tobacco mutant is identified and the generation of continuing to select, should be at M
2Cultivate on the basis of the population size in generation, select elite plant strain.
The technological merit of tobacco gamma-ray and mutagenesis idioplasm innovation of the present invention and breed breeding is: 1) radiation absorbed dose and close rate are clear and definite, are convenient to practical operation and improve Breeding Efficiency; 2) the breeding technique method integrates parsimony and practicality, and under try one's best little population size and input, the maximized Breeding Effect that improved has extremely strong practicality.
Embodiment
Embodiment the present invention carries out according to following steps:
The first step, mutant materials are selected: select better, the anti-multiple diseases of former cigarette presentation quality and inherent chemical quality but show that the number of blade is less, upper tobacco leaf hacks the K326 kind dry seed relatively poor, that output is lower as mutant materials when plant in Guizhou Province.Be intended to increase by the mutagenic treatment seed selection number of blade, upper tobacco leaf hacks K326 mutant material preferably.
Second step, seed treatment: 10,000 left and right sides K326 dry seeds balance in the drier that fills 50% glycerine, one aqueous solution was carried out irradiation treatment with the dose rate of 0.8Gy/min and the absorbed dose of 350Gy after 7 days, obtain M
1For seed.
The 3rd step, M
1The plantation in generation and management: M
1The sowing in generation, grow seedlings, transplanting and field management all carry out according to the suitableeest mode of the Fuquan City, state, the south of Guizhou Province at place, experimental field, Guizhou Province Tabacco Scientific Research Institute.But field period is not pinched, and Transplanting Density is 1500 strain/mus, 1100 strain/mus commonly used, raising 36%.M
1Generation plantation 6500 strains, open pollination after the few grain of strain method sowing, all mixes institute's sowing.
The 4th step, M
2The plantation in generation and selection: M
2In generation, sowed, grow seedlings, transplant in the proving ground, Guizhou Province Tabacco Scientific Research Institute, and its method comprises that later field management all carries out according to the suitableeest method of locality.During transplanting, the capable mutant material of every 3-5 is planted the contrast of 1 row, plants altogether 10,000 strains.The M of centering choosing
2For the number of sheets increase, upper leaf hacks M preferably
2-1-M
222 independent baggings of mutant strain such as-22 grades are reserved seed for planting.
The 5th step, M
3Generation and later processing: M
3In generation, sowed, grow seedlings, transplant in the proving ground, Guizhou Province Tabacco Scientific Research Institute, and its method comprises that later field management all carries out according to the optimum method of locality.M
2The individual plant kind that generation is selected becomes M
3-1-M
3System such as 22 strains of-22 grades, every strain is 200 strains, the capable mutant material plantation 1 row contrast of every 3-5 is in order to the degree of stability of investigation mutant character with proceed to select; Choose M earlier
3-2, M
3-8, M
3-16, M
3-20, M
3Totally 5 major cliques such as-22 grades, successively therefrom choose M again
3-1-1, M
3-2-2, M
3-2-3, M
3-8-1, M
3-8-2, M
3-20-1, M
3-20-2, M
3-22-1, M
39 excellent variation individual plants such as-22-2.After reserving seed for planting, above-mentioned individual plant plant division bagging changes M over to
4Carry out output preliminary experiment and resistance and quality approval test.According to result of the test, from 9 strain systems, screen M
4-2-3, M
4-8-1, M
4-20-2, M
44 best strains such as-22-1 are, and therefrom select M
4-2-3-1, M
4-8-1-1, M
4-20-2-1 and M
44 excellent strains such as-22-1-1 are carried out numerous kind.Above-mentioned 4 M are found in the genetic stability test
4Stable for strain, so carry out simultaneously seminal propagation work, be M
5In generation, participate in the major clique rating test seed preparation be provided.Through excellent strain comparative test in 2 years, find to have in the aforementioned stable material 3 parts of mutant material Comprehensive Traits all to surpass or approach the material that contrasts, entered at present the submission regional testing, enter the preparation of variety certification program.
Claims (5)
1. the technology of tobacco gamma-ray and mutagenesis idioplasm innovation and breed breeding, its feature comprises:
(1) the tobacco breeding is selected: the selection Comprehensive Traits is better, high-quality is suitable produces, and adaptability is stronger, need to cultivate conventional kind and cenospecies to the excellence that indivedual bad proterties improve;
(2) seed treatment: selected dry seed balance in the drier that fills 50% Glycerine-Aqueous Solution was carried out irradiation treatment with the dose rate of 0.8～1Gy/min and the absorbed dose of 350 Gy after 7 days, obtained mutagenesis generation seed;
(3) plantation of mutagenesis tobacco, selection and management: with the pollination of sowing, grow seedlings, transplant, cultivate, bloom of the mutagenesis generation seed of above-mentioned processing, and sowing obtains mutagenesis two generations seed, the pollination of again sowing, grow seedlings, transplant, cultivate, bloom, and sowing obtains seed of future generation, so repeatedly plantation and to second, third, the plant in the 4th generation selects, after strain is stable, for continuous 2 years excellent strain comparative test Comprehensive Traits all above or approach the material of contrast, can submit regional testing to, enter the variety certification program.
2. technology as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the plantation of a mutagenesis generation and management main points are: M
1Should accomplish as far as possible to sow in positive season of ground main cultivation of preliminary election kind for seed, avoid making M because changing sowing time and ecological condition
1For plant change because of conditions such as sunshine and temperature in growth course, causing grows is affected; M
1The whole ground in generation, sow, grow seedlings, transplanting and field management should carry out according to the suitableeest mode in locality, makes every effort to meticulous, to guarantee the higher survival rate of seedling; A field period bud picking is not pinched; But, M
1The planting density in generation can increase about 50% than the density of the common employing in locality, in order to dwindle M
1The planting scale in generation is saved cost and labour; M
1Open pollination of generation according to the few grain of strain method sowing, and is gathered in the crops the seed of the different fruit branch joint of same strain position, to take full advantage of the sudden change chimera; Seed with same kind mutagenic progeny mixes then.
3. technology as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the plantation in two generations of mutagenesis with selecting main points is: M
2In generation, adopted the mode of classifying type miscegenation, the i.e. M of same kind usually
2For mixed seeding, and plant 1 row contrast every 3-5 is capable, in order to observe possible sudden change; M
2In generation, also should accomplish to plant the positive season sowing in ground at the main of preliminary election kind, and sow, grow seedlings, transplanting and whole field management all adopt the suitableeest mode in locality to carry out; A field period bud picking is not pinched; For take the disease resistance seed selection as purpose M
2In generation, can plant in the sick garden of the evaluation of purpose disease or disease district occurred frequently, and contrast every capable 1 row of planting of 3-5, in order to depress the raising Breeding Efficiency in certain selection; For according to the M that selects in the breeding objective
2For plant, should be at the bagging in squaring period, independent sowing, and by a part strict numbering, put down in writing main feature; Plant for not middle choosing can mix sowing, or according to circumstances abandons sowing.
4. technology as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that mutagenesis three generations and later medical record are: M
3In generation, also should accomplish to plant the positive season sowing in ground at preliminary election kind main, sows, grows seedlings, transplanting and whole field management all adopt the suitableeest local mode to carry out, and add the contrast of 1 row every 3～5 row mutant materials; M
2The individual plant kind that generation is selected becomes M
3For strain, every strain 150～200 strains; Be main purpose M for the disease resistance seed selection
2Generation, can continue to plant in corresponding sick garden or disease district occurred frequently, every strain 500-800 strain, and plant 1 row contrast every 3～5 row is in order to the degree of stability of investigating mutant character with proceed to select; Should compare with control material during selection, be defined as mutating strain series after, select earlier excellent mutating strain series, therefrom select again excellent sudden change individual plant; The individual plant of selecting from high stability excellent mutating strain series changes M over to after the mixed receipts of plant division
4Carry out the test of output pilot study and resistance and Quality Identification.According to result of the test, M
4Select again best strain in the strain of participating in the experiment in generation, and from best strain, select excellent strain and carry out numerous kind; For sudden change shape unstabilized mutating strain series still, after the roguing at M
4Generation even M
5In generation, still plant by strain, continues to select; For the M that mixes sowing
2For material, its M
3In generation, is still with reference to M
2In generation, carried out miscegenation, the individual plant of middle choosing, its M
4In generation, be similar to M
2M for single sowing
3For processing method, postpone according to this; Generally speaking, the tobacco mutagenic progeny is passed through M
3The selection in generation, most M
4Stable for strain, so M
4In generation, should be carried out seminal propagation work simultaneously except carrying out the output pilot study, be M
5In generation, participate in the major clique rating test seed preparation be provided; For continuous 2 years excellent strain comparative test Comprehensive Traits all above or approach the material of contrast, can submit regional testing to, enter the variety certification program.
5. according to the described technology of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that the seed treatment stage, the seed number of processing should be more than 10000; M
1The plantation colony in generation should be the 5000-8000 strain usually; M
2The population size in generation should be in the 8000-10000 strain.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100779650A CN101171906A (en) | 2007-10-09 | 2007-10-09 | Tobacco gamma-ray and mutagenesis idioplasm innovation and breed selecting and cultivating technique |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100779650A CN101171906A (en) | 2007-10-09 | 2007-10-09 | Tobacco gamma-ray and mutagenesis idioplasm innovation and breed selecting and cultivating technique |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102047844A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2011-05-11 | 湖北省烟草科研所 | Effective mutagenesis method for tobacco pollen |
| CN104170674A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2014-12-03 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Tobacco field management method for improving quality of upper tobacco leaves |
| CN106879460A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-23 | 四川森迪科技发展股份有限公司 | A kind of Methods of Radiation Breeding of Idesia polycarpa |
-
2007
- 2007-10-09 CN CNA2007100779650A patent/CN101171906A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102047844A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2011-05-11 | 湖北省烟草科研所 | Effective mutagenesis method for tobacco pollen |
| CN104170674A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2014-12-03 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Tobacco field management method for improving quality of upper tobacco leaves |
| CN106879460A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-23 | 四川森迪科技发展股份有限公司 | A kind of Methods of Radiation Breeding of Idesia polycarpa |
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Open date: 20080507 |