CN104170674A - Tobacco field management method for improving quality of upper tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Tobacco field management method for improving quality of upper tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN104170674A CN104170674A CN201410466777.7A CN201410466777A CN104170674A CN 104170674 A CN104170674 A CN 104170674A CN 201410466777 A CN201410466777 A CN 201410466777A CN 104170674 A CN104170674 A CN 104170674A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tobacco field management method for improving quality of upper tobacco leaves. By the adoption of a cultivation method that the tops of tobacco are sleeved with plastic bags instead of topping, from the first blooming stage to the full blooming stage of the tobacco, all inflorescences together with three to five small tobacco leaves at the topmost portion are sleeved with shading materials instead of traditional manual topping, and therefore flowers and the leaves at the tops of the tobacco gradually die under the high-temperature, high-humidity and dark environment in the bags. Compared with the prior art, the tobacco field management method has the advantages that the apical dominance of the tobacco fades away, nutrients of the tobacco and coordination of chemical components of the tobacco leaves are guaranteed, and the effect of improving the quality of the upper tobacco leaves is obvious; the apical dominance of tobacco plants fades away, growth and development of axillary buds are restrained, the use quantity of suckercides is reduced, and quality safety of the tobacco leaves is improved; if bud picking is carried out manually, the frequency of bud picking is reduced, and labor is relieved; the bags are made of blue or black plastic materials convenient to obtain, cost is low, the bags are cleared away together with tobacco stems later, and no environment pollution is caused.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of flue-cured tobacco field management method that improves upper tobacco leaf quality, belong to tobacco planting technical field.
Background technology
Pinching and smearing wooden fork is a necessary field management measure in cured tobacco production, is the key technology of regulation and control cigarette strain growth, raising quality of tobacco.Tobacco planting is that to gather in the crops tobacco leaf be object, after cigarette strain is buddingged, and top inflorescence active growth, nutriment is in a large number to top running, and in the blade of middle and lower part, nutrient continues to flow to top.If let alone to blossom and bear fruit, must cause the unnecessary consumption of nutrient, make upper leaf little and thin, middle and lower part leaf color is thin out, and weight declines, and reduces yield and quality.For reducing meaningless nutrient consumption, must pinch and smear wooden fork.
In cured tobacco production, except plant left to run to seed, must pinch in good time, be about to bud and several pieces following tobacco leaves thereof and extract in the lump.Pinch and can promote root system development, expand blade, increase Nutrient Absorption, the growing way appearance of regulation and control cigarette strain, alleviates the harm of disease worm.Pinching is a timeliness, specific aim, technical very strong important technique measure, simultaneously will in conjunction with concrete sky, locality, the factors such as condition and cigarette strain growing way make accurate judgment.Because tobacco grower's technical merit is uneven, part tobacco grower's operation of often can not paying attention pinching, thus cause certain influence to output and the quality of tobacco leaf.Nicotine is mainly synthetic in new tender radicula, pinches owing to having promoted root system development, and upper tobacco leaf particularly, nicotine content obviously increases.Rainy weather is unfavorable for cigarette strain wound healing after pinching, cause wound infection and germ to invade, and causes that disease occurs.Morbidity vega, because people is improper for pinching, can bring disease spread.Pinching will be transported to vega by the inflorescence removing and leaflet and focus on outward, time-consuming.
Pinch and eliminated apical growth advantage, removed the inhibitory action of apical growth to axillalry bud, the rapid germination and growth of axillalry bud.Axillalry bud grows young leaves and still can blossom and bear fruit, and consumes in a large number nutrient, causes leaf growth bad, and blade is little and thin, also affects vega ventilation and penetrating light, and causes that damage by disease and insect spreads.Therefore, must smear in time wooden fork, guarantee increasing of quality and production.Generally every 5～7 days, will smear once, until the end of gathering.China most areas is current or adopt manual removal's way to smear wooden fork, but it is time-consuming manually to smear wooden fork.Often can not smear in time wooden fork, cause output, quality seriously to reduce, operating process easily infects again disease.Adopt time saving and energy saving chemistry to press down bud, as maleic Min, except bud is logical etc., press down bud agent residual, reduce quality of tobacco safety, also can increase cured tobacco production cost.
Flue-cured tobacco upper tobacco leaf comprises two canopies and top, and totally 6～7 leaves, account for 1/3 of the total number of sheets of individual plant, accounts for individual plant yield of tobacco 40% left and right, and yield of flue-cured tobacco and quality are all had a significant impact.Yet eco environment facto and traditional cultivation technique measure cause China's part cigarette district upper tobacco leaf quality generally lower, concentrate on: blade is thicker, organize stiffly, intrinsic chemical composition is owed to coordinate, and nicotine content is higher, content of reducing sugar and sugared alkali are than on the low side, and industrial applicability is poor.Tobacco researcher just improves flue-cured tobacco upper tobacco leaf quality and has carried out large quantity research both at home and abroad, as used in right amount nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer, increase Potassium Fertilizer, supplement middle trace element, regulate pH value, applying organic manure, water, transplant, pinch and stay leaf, application growth regulator, proper mature (ripe) to gather by cigarette strain growth-development law with lime in good time in good time, optimize the measures such as modulation condition, although to a certain degree upper tobacco leaf quality is played a role in improving, unavoidably occur that technical operation is not strong, increase the drawbacks such as cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of flue-cured tobacco field management method of upgrading synergy.Flue-cured tobacco field management method provided by the invention adopts " bagging is for pinching " technology, make the organs such as cigarette strain top flower, bud, leaf at high humidity high temperature without dead gradually under optical condition, partially absorb nutrient, the nutrient distribution in balanced cigarette strain land for growing field crops later stage, improves upper tobacco leaf quality; The growth and development of axillary buds of exempting to pinch is suppressed, and saving pinches smears wooden fork labour cost (or reduce and press down bud agent consumption).
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of flue-cured tobacco field management method that improves upper tobacco leaf quality, adopt bagging to substitute the cultivation method of pinching, at flue-cured tobacco, just spend arbitrary time of spending the stage to containing, the little tobacco leaf of 3-5 sheet by whole inflorescence buds together with topmost entangles with shading plastic material, and guarantees the growth of flue-cured tobacco effective blade.
Further, the little tobacco leaf of 3-5 sheet of flue-cured tobacco topmost is preferably close to the just tobacco leaf of inflorescence.
Further, described light screening material is blueness or black plastic bag, and its thickness is 0.015～0.025mm.
Further, the effective blade number of cigarette strain is 20～24.
The blade quantity retaining according to the difference of varieties of plant, climatic factor and water and fertilizer condition and different, in order to ensure output and the quality of tobacco leaf, retains 20～24 blades conventionally in cigarette strain.
In the flue-cured tobacco field management method that improves upper tobacco leaf quality provided by the invention, except other field management methods of " bagging substitutes and pinches ": as field management measures such as transplanting, density, fertilising, cultivation and banking, the extermination of disease and insect pest with adopt the sound tobacco planting technology in existing each tobacco leaf producing region of roasting method employing.
Flue-cured tobacco provided by the invention " bagging is for pinching " field management method is applicable to existing each tobacco leaf producing region sound tobacco planting technology, adopt the field management method of " bagging is for pinching ", coordinate the field management such as conventional transplanting, density, fertilising, cultivation and banking, the extermination of disease and insect pest and adopt roasting method, can reach the effect that saving of labor falls this, improves upper tobacco leaf quality.
This beneficial effect of the invention is: compared with the prior art, because pinching, make the active rising of tobacco leaf invertase (Ivr), the synthetic photosynthetic product amount transport of tobacco leaf is to root system, the carbon nitrogen metabolism strength increase of root system, the synthetic precursor substance of nicotine increases as triose and amino acids material etc., after more nicotine is synthetic, be transported to upper tobacco leaf, so can avoid above-mentioned source, cigarette strain storehouse relation to change the rising that causes tobacco leaf nicotine after employing the present invention, thereby can effectively reduce nicotine content, coordinate the content of other chemical compositions in tobacco leaf.
The relatively existing technique of the present invention has following characteristics and effect: (1) flue-cured tobacco apical dominance fades away, and guarantees that flue-cured tobacco nutrient and tobacco leaf chemical composition coordinate, upper tobacco leaf quality improve successful.(2) cigarette strain apical dominance fades away, and suppresses growth and development of axillary buds, reduces and presses down bud agent use, improves quality of tobacco safety; If artificial bud picking, reduces bud picking number of times, reduce labor.(3) bag material is used blueness or black plastic material to obtain conveniently, and cost is low, and the later stage together removes with tobacco rod, non-environmental-pollution.
Following table is that applicant adopts technical scheme of the present invention to carry out obtained experimental result after field experiment.
routine is pinched and is processed and contrast table of the present invention
The present invention has effective reduction tobacco leaf Ivr activity as can be seen from the above table, reduces nicotine content of tobacco leaves and leaf weight of remained, and the chemical composition contents such as the total reducing sugar of coordination cured tobacco leaf, reducing sugar, potassium, chlorine, subtract this gain, simple to operate, are convenient to the advantages such as popularization.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, to better understand the present invention.
embodiment 1:
At the large gold dollar of flue-cured tobacco cultivars safflower, bloom and count 50% stage that reached, the fireworks at top are entangled with blue plastic sack together with the nearly just 3-4 sheet leaflet of inflorescence of topmost, guarantee 22 left and right of cigarette strain effective blade number.
embodiment 2:
At flue-cured tobacco cultivars k326, bloom and count 55% stage that reached, the fireworks at top are entangled with black plastic bag together with nearly just 3 leaflets of inflorescence of topmost, assurance cigarette strain effective blade is counted 20-22 sheet.
embodiment 3:
For No. 1, the flue-cured tobacco cultivars Bi Na in Guizhou, at its number of blooming, reached for 60% stages, the fireworks at top are entangled with blue plastic sack together with nearly just 5 leaflets of inflorescence of topmost, guarantee that cigarette strain effective blade counts 22-24 sheet.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a flue-cured tobacco field management method that improves upper tobacco leaf quality, it is characterized in that: adopt sleeving plastic bag to substitute the cultivation method of pinching, at flue-cured tobacco, just spend to containing and spend arbitrary time in stage, whole inflorescences are entangled with light screening material together with the little tobacco leaf of 3-5 sheet of topmost and substitute Traditional Man and pinch, and guarantee the growth of flue-cured tobacco effective blade.
2. the flue-cured tobacco field management method that improves upper tobacco leaf quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the sleeving plastic bag time is just spent to containing and spends arbitrary time from flue-cured tobacco, until tobacco leaf picking is complete.
3. the flue-cured tobacco field management method that improves upper tobacco leaf quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the little tobacco leaf next-door neighbour of 3-5 sheet who entangles with light screening material is inflorescence just.
4. the flue-cured tobacco field management method that improves upper tobacco leaf quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described plastic sack is blueness or black plastic bag, and its thickness is 0.015～0.025mm.
5. the flue-cured tobacco field management method that improves upper tobacco leaf quality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the quantity of flue-cured tobacco effective blade is 20～24.
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| CN201410466777.7A CN104170674A (en) | 2014-09-15 | 2014-09-15 | Tobacco field management method for improving quality of upper tobacco leaves |
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| CN201410466777.7A CN104170674A (en) | 2014-09-15 | 2014-09-15 | Tobacco field management method for improving quality of upper tobacco leaves |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104885771A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-09 | 重庆藤容烤烟种植专业合作社 | Method for planting tobacco leaves of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN105284452A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-02-03 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Application method for tobacco bud inhibitor |
| CN106069262A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-11-09 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco is pinched method |
| CN106472138A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-03-08 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | A kind of optimization K326 Nicotiana tabacum L. chemical composition improves the management method of Flue-cured tobacco Quality |
| CN107411161A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-12-01 | 广西中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of method for reducing upper tobacco leaf nicotine and content of starch |
| CN108523201A (en) * | 2018-03-10 | 2018-09-14 | 湖南农业大学 | A method of improving 99 economic characters of cloud and mist and upper tobacco leaf quality |
| CN110169277A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-08-27 | 四川大学 | A kind of method on cigarette strain set top |
| CN110169276A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-08-27 | 四川大学 | A kind of method that cigarette strain quickly covers top |
| CN110169275A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-08-27 | 四川大学 | The method on cigarette strain set top |
| CN111247990A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-09 | 湖北省烟草公司宜昌市公司 | Tobacco plant ligation type minimally invasive topping-free device and method |
| CN114651691A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-06-24 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Top end regulation and control method for tobacco in later growth period |
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| CN101171906A (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2008-05-07 | 贵州省烟草科学研究所 | Tobacco gamma-ray and mutagenesis idioplasm innovation and breed selecting and cultivating technique |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104885771A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-09 | 重庆藤容烤烟种植专业合作社 | Method for planting tobacco leaves of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN104885771B (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2018-03-13 | 重庆精深农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cured tobacco leaf implantation methods |
| CN105284452A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-02-03 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Application method for tobacco bud inhibitor |
| CN106069262A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-11-09 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco is pinched method |
| CN106472138A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-03-08 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | A kind of optimization K326 Nicotiana tabacum L. chemical composition improves the management method of Flue-cured tobacco Quality |
| CN107411161A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-12-01 | 广西中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of method for reducing upper tobacco leaf nicotine and content of starch |
| CN108523201A (en) * | 2018-03-10 | 2018-09-14 | 湖南农业大学 | A method of improving 99 economic characters of cloud and mist and upper tobacco leaf quality |
| CN108523201B (en) * | 2018-03-10 | 2021-07-30 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for improving economic character of Yunyan 99 and quality of upper tobacco leaves |
| CN110169277A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-08-27 | 四川大学 | A kind of method on cigarette strain set top |
| CN110169276A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-08-27 | 四川大学 | A kind of method that cigarette strain quickly covers top |
| CN110169275A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-08-27 | 四川大学 | The method on cigarette strain set top |
| CN110169277B (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2021-07-23 | 四川大学 | Tobacco plant topping method |
| CN111247990A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-09 | 湖北省烟草公司宜昌市公司 | Tobacco plant ligation type minimally invasive topping-free device and method |
| CN114651691A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-06-24 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Top end regulation and control method for tobacco in later growth period |
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Application publication date: 20141203 |