CN105145344A - Premature, anti-cracking and disease-resistant cabbage mustard breeding method - Google Patents
Premature, anti-cracking and disease-resistant cabbage mustard breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a premature, anti-cracking and disease-resistant cabbage mustard breeding method and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. Flower buds, suitable for microspore culture, of broccoli and cabbage mustard breeding materials from the mid-late uninucleate stage to the early dicaryon stage are used for microspore culture, a large number of regeneration plants are created, excellent DH plants are screened out for selfing, a DH strain stable in botanical character, good in combining ability and large in pollen quantity is obtained, and hybridization first generation seeds F1 are prepared in the flowering stage through artificial emasculation; generation-adding is conducted on the F1, then good single plants with botanical characters similar to those of cabbage mustard are selected, selfing in the bud stage is carried out to obtain F2, then generation-adding is conducted on three generations to select self-incompatible strains 16-8-5-4-1 and 11-16-8-3-1 which are excellent and stable and cultivated through continuous selfing in the bud stage, and premature, anti-cracking and disease-resistant cabbage mustard is obtained through hybridization. The self-incompatible strains are used for mating, reciprocal cross plants are consistent in character, and the yield of produced seeds is increased by over 50% compared with that of sterile line seed production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a Plants, particularly relate to the breeding method of a kind of precocity, resistance to cracking, disease-resistant cabbage mustard, belong to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
It is compact that cabbage mustard has plant type, breeding time is short, stem is long, the feature that lateral branching germination is strong, be rich in the multiple nutrients compositions such as vitamin A, B, C, E, protein, anthocyan, mineral matter, be a kind of delicious food and the high-quality of health care perfect adaptation, high-grade functional form green vegetables, be therefore more and more subject to the welcome of planting family and consumer.At present, the positive establishing in large scale cabbage mustard of Vegetable Base, product is mainly with fresh-keeping and processing supply domestic and international market.
Cabbage mustard has stronger hybrid vigour, can utilize the preparing hybrid such as self incompatible line, cytoplasm male sterility line kind, but respectively have pluses and minuses.Utilize the self incompatible line production of hybrid seeds that certain manpower and time will be spent to carry out parent propagation (by artificial bud pollination), utilize the self incompatible line production of hybrid seeds, if the performance of reciprocal cross Progeny plants is consistent, numerous hybrid seed yield comparatively sterile lines seed making output will improve greatly, reduce breeding cost on the contrary, to variety popularization, there is positive meaning.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem solved: the defect existed for prior art, the invention provides the breeding method of a kind of precocity, resistance to cracking, disease-resistant cabbage mustard, utilize the self incompatible line production of hybrid seeds, and reciprocal cross Progeny plants proterties is consistent, be applicable to fresh-keeping and processing, hybrid seed yield is high, and new varieties are easy to promote the use of.
Technical scheme: the breeding method of a kind of precocity provided by the invention, resistance to cracking, disease-resistant cabbage mustard, it comprises the following steps:
The first step, select flower cabbage mustard F1 mid-late uninucleate stage in broccoli breeding material auspicious green F1, inner green F1 and cabbage mustard breeding material Hong Kong to the bud of the early stage applicable microspores culture of double-core to carry out microspores culture respectively to obtain monoploid material; Described monoploid material field Natural double is obtained DH plant population, in described DH plant population, screens the DH plant meeting objective trait carry out selfing, obtain DH strain; Described DH plant objective trait is precocity, top flower bud grain is thin, lateral branching germination is strong, stem is long, cracking by force, disease resistance is strong, quality better;
Second step, in the DH strain of the auspicious green F1 of step one gained broccoli, inner green F1 offspring, select the individual plant meeting objective trait for maternal respectively, spend in step one gained Hong Kong in the DH strain of cabbage mustard F1 offspring and select the individual plant meeting objective trait to be male parent, obtain first-filial generation seed F1 at florescence artificial emasculation; Described DH strain objective trait is plant type, leaf like cabbage mustard, precocious, top flower bud grain is thin, lateral branching germination is strong, cracking by force, disease resistance is strong, quality better;
3rd step, generation process is added to step 2 gained Hybrid F1 after select that precocity, top bud are thin, lateral branching germination is strong, stem long 18 ~ 22cm, the thick 2 ~ 4cm of stem, anti-stalk break, black rot are strong, by force cracking, in garden, the time is long, picking time is long, the individual plant that Agronomic trait is similar to cabbage mustard carries out the selfing of flower bud phase and obtains F2, select individual plant to carry out the selfing of flower bud phase according to same standard after adding generation process to F2 to reserve seed for planting, and then go out excellent and stable Self-Incompatibility strain through adding process 3 generation, continuous flower bud phase selfed breeding generation; Described flower bud phase selfing individual plant requires flower bud phase Self-Incompatibility index > 9.0, florescence self-compatable index < 0.5;
4th step, will hybridize F1 offspring Superior line and pass through the excellent and stable Self-Incompatibility strain of flower bud phase selfed breeding as female parent by flower cabbage mustard F1 in auspicious for step 3 gained broccoli green F1 and Hong Kong, flower cabbage mustard F1 in F1 green in broccoli and Hong Kong is hybridized the excellent and stable Self-Incompatibility strain of F1 offspring Superior line by flower bud phase selfed breeding as male parent, hybrid combination is joined in examination, through field observation, qualification, community comparation and assessment, production test, filters out precocity, resistance to cracking, the green mustard 30 of disease-resistant cabbage mustard new varieties.
The described generation process concrete grammar that adds is: by clean for the seed shatter accepted, remove flat seed, broken son, dry, point disk seedling growing at the beginning of 1 month, daytime 20-25 DEG C, night 15-18 DEG C, illumination box is placed during 5 leaf 1 heart, daytime 8-12 DEG C, night 4.4-10.6 DEG C, cultivate and get final product field planting after 20 days, field utilizes cascade, blower fan, shading net controls summer high temperature, fuel oil temperature controlling instruments is utilized to improve winter low temperature, long-term temperature controls between 15-28 DEG C, come into bloom at bolting, daytime 10:30-14:30, atomising device is utilized in booth, relative air humidity is made to remain between 70-80%, keep ground moistening, field test stalk break, the disease resistance of black rot and cracking power, guarantee that the disease resistance of Superior line is strong, by force cracking, treat after field planting that bolting is bloomed, Superior line carries out artificial cabage-type rape and bagging isolation, gathers in the crops by the end of May at the beginning of 6 months, late June is sowed again, and method is the same, can gather in the crops by the end of November at the beginning of 12 months, realizes 1 year 2 Dai Jiadai quick breeding.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows: (1) self incompatible line stable fertility, and development of floral organs is normal, and proterties of blossoming and bearing fruit is good, not yellow under seedling cryogenic conditions, and lateral branching germination is strong, and easily pollinate, output high, growth potential is prosperous, and coordinate force is strong.
(2) breeding material is green body vernalization crop, require not tight to low temperature vernalization, the four seasons all can bloom, as long as avoid high temperature with cold to blossoming and bearing fruit outside adverse effect, utilize cooling and warming-up device that temperature of shed is transferred to 15-28 DEG C, can ensure that Advances in Breeding is smooth, shortening the breeding cycle, accelerate breeding process, improve breeding efficiency.
(3) come into bloom at bolting, make relative air humidity in booth remain between 70-80%, soil conservation is moistening, disease resistance and the cracking powers such as field test stalk break, black rot, guarantee that the disease resistance of Superior line is strong, by force cracking, volume increase obviously.
(4) microspore-isolated culture is passed through, the precocity of polymerization broccoli and cabbage mustard, lateral branching germination is strong, stem long, flower bud grain carefully, the high efficiency gene such as high-quality, disease-resistant, resistance to cracking, it is long that the cabbage mustard new varieties of gained have stem, lateral branching germination is strong, picking time is long, and output is high, and commodity is high, by force cracking, the advantage that disease resistance is strong.
(5) prepare F1 with self incompatible line, if reciprocal cross tree characteristics is consistent, reciprocal cross seed all can be gathered, and breeding cost is low, and the production of hybrid seeds is easy, and seed production is high, and hybrid seed yield is sterile lines seed making output increased more than 50% comparatively, is easy to the popularization of new varieties.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the breeding procedures figure of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Excellent and the stable DH strain code name 0142 that in the present embodiment, the auspicious green F1 offspring of broccoli cultivates, excellent and the stable DH strain code name 0247 that in Hong Kong, flower cabbage mustard F1 offspring cultivates, described excellent and stable Self-Incompatibility strain code name 16-8-5-4-1, excellent and the stable DH strain code name 0281 that described inner green F1 offspring cultivates, described excellent and stable Self-Incompatibility strain code name is 11-16-8-3-1.
As shown in Figure 1, the breeding procedures of the present embodiment is as follows:
First Year early March 2 parts of dissimilar (different maturation period, different leaf and leaf look) excellent breeding material (the inner green F1 of broccoli, auspicious green F1), the excellent breeding material (in Hong Kong flower cabbage mustard F1) of 1 portion of cabbage mustard carries out microspores culture with mid-late uninucleate stage to the bud of the early stage applicable microspores culture of double-core respectively, the a large amount of normal regeneration plant of initiative, in late May plantlet of transplant booth, field adopts the qualification of plant forms characteristic method, mostly be spontaneous double haploid (DH), early August field observation, qualification, the selfing of screening fine individual plant, early October obtains seed and numbers, early November is sowed, through field observation, qualification, screening plant type, leaf like cabbage mustard, precocious, top flower bud grain is thin, lateral branching germination is strong, by force cracking, disease resistance is strong, the excellent DH strain of quality better, Second Year early March carries out the selfing of flower bud phase and reserves seed for planting,
Obtain 10 parts, Superior line seed from the DH strain of inner green F1 offspring respectively at the beginning of 6 months, obtain 12 parts, Superior line seed from the DH strain of auspicious green F1 offspring, from Hong Kong, the DH strain of flower cabbage mustard F1 offspring obtains 16 parts, Superior line seed.Summer (late June) is respectively by above-mentioned dissimilar Superior line planting seed then, be seeded in 72 hole dishes respectively, vegetables special nutritional seedlings and soil, during plant tool 5 leaf 1 heart, place it in temperature 4.4 ~ 10.6 DEG C, in the illumination box of illuminance 2000Lx, vernalization is after 20 days, plant field planting being placed in booth in flowerpot is grown, field utilizes cascade, blower fan, shading net controls summer high temperature, fuel oil temperature controlling instruments is utilized to improve winter low temperature, long-term temperature controls between 15-28 DEG C, be beneficial to plant strain growth, come into bloom at bolting, relative air humidity in booth is made to remain between 70%-80%, soil conservation is moistening, field test stalk break, the disease resistance of black rot and other Comprehensive Traits such as cracking.Dissimilar Superior line seed due to results seed amount not etc., plant number 60 ~ 100 strain is not etc., September is through field observation, qualification then, filter out the DH strain of inner green F1 offspring fine individual plant (precocious, the flower bud grain of numbering 0281 thin, cracking strong, disease resistance is strong, quality better) with the fine individual plant of the DH strain of flower cabbage mustard F1 offspring in Hong Kong (numbering 0247 is precocious, top flower bud grain is thin, stem is long, lateral branching germination is strong, disease resistance by force, strong stress resistance, quality better) florescence artificial emasculation hybridizes, bagging is isolated, and obtains F1 seed at the beginning of 11 months, method the same September is through field observation, qualification, the fine individual plant of the DH strain that the fine individual plant (0142 precocious, flower bud grain is thin, disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, quality better) filtering out the DH strain of auspicious green F1 offspring is cultivated with flower cabbage mustard F1 in Hong Kong (numbering 0247 is precocious, top flower bud grain is thin, stem length, lateral branching germination are strong, disease resistance by force, strong stress resistance, quality better) florescence artificial emasculation hybridizes, bagging is isolated, and obtains F1 seed at the beginning of 11 months, be seeded in mid-November in 72 hole dishes respectively, vegetables special nutritional seedlings and soil, during plant tool 5 leaf 1 heart, place it in temperature 4.4 ~ 10.6 DEG C, in the illumination box of illuminance 2000XL, vernalization is after 20 days, plant field planting being placed in booth in flowerpot is grown, field utilizes cascade, blower fan, shading net controls summer high temperature, fuel oil temperature controlling instruments is utilized to improve winter low temperature, long-term temperature controls between 15-28 DEG C, be beneficial to plant strain growth, come into bloom at bolting, relative air humidity in booth is made to remain between 70%-80%, soil conservation is moistening, field test stalk break, the disease resistance of black rot and other Comprehensive Traits such as cracking.
In early March, the 3rd screens precocity respectively, top bud is thin, lateral branching germination is strong, stem long 18 ~ 22cm, the thick 2 ~ 4cm of stem, anti-stalk break, black rot are strong, by force cracking, in garden, the time is long, picking time is long, the fine individual plant flower bud phase selfing that Agronomic trait is similar to cabbage mustard is reserved seed for planting, Single-plant selection flower bud phase Self-Incompatibility index > 9.0, the fine individual plant of florescence self-compatable index < 0.5.Seed is gathered in the crops at the beginning of 6 months, above-mentioned material is sowed by late June respectively, same through low temperature place vernalization, field utilizes cascade, blower fan, shading net to control summer high temperature, utilizes fuel oil temperature controlling instruments to improve winter low temperature, long-term temperature controls, between 15-28 DEG C, to come into bloom at bolting, makes relative air humidity in booth remain between 70%-80%, soil conservation is moistening, other Comprehensive Traits such as the disease resistance of field test stalk break, black rot and resistance.September, screening was precocious, top bud is thin, lateral branching germination is strong, stem long 18 ~ 22cm, the thick 2 ~ 4cm of stem, and anti-stalk break, black rot are strong through field observation, qualification, by force cracking, in garden, the time is long, and picking time is long, and Agronomic trait is similar to the individual plant flower bud phase selfing of cabbage mustard; Single-plant selection flower bud phase Self-Incompatibility index > 9.0, the fine individual plant of florescence self-compatable index < 0.5.
Method is the same to be obtained fine individual plant (0281 is maternal) and hybridizes the good stable Self-Incompatibility strain 12 part of F1 offspring Superior line by flower bud phase selfed breeding with (0247 male parent) at the beginning of the 4th year 11 months, and fine individual plant (0142 is maternal) hybridizes the good stable Self-Incompatibility strain 8 part of F1 offspring Superior line by flower bud phase selfed breeding with (0247 male parent).
In late March, the 5th, hybrid combination 95 is joined in above-mentioned good stable Self-Incompatibility strain examination, participate in field varietal yield test August then, carry out field test, screening, combining ability test, finally select the excellent precocity of proterties, disease-resistant, the green mustard 30(16-8-5-4-1 × 11-16-8-3-1 of resistance to cracking cabbage mustard new varieties), this kind comparatively precocious 2 days of flower cabbage mustard (CK) in Hong Kong, picking time long 4 days, output 2265.5Kg/667m
2, comparatively flower cabbage mustard (CK) 2092.3Kg/667m in Hong Kong
2volume increase 8.3%, anti-stalk break, black rot is strong, by force cracking, and mouthfeel is crisp sweet, and comprehensive agronomy the Characters is excellent.
Two green mustard 30 features
Precocity, after field planting 30 days can start to gather.Plant half is upright, plant height is about 40cm, and degree of development is about 42cm, and precocity, top bud are thin, lateral branching germination is strong, lateral branching is about 7d and gathers once, gather 2-3 time continuously, stem long 20 ~ 23cm, the thick 3 ~ 4cm of stem, anti-stalk break, black rot are strong, and resistance to 35 DEG C of high temperature blade are not wilted, resistance to continuous overcast and rainy 5 ~ 7 days, by force cracking, do not ftracture at a garden 7-10 days stem, scape is light green, and meat is crisp sweet, water scald after color and luster emerald green, product are of fine quality.Reach about 20 days picking time.
Three breedings, seeding technique main points
1, parent propagation: adopt simple plastic greenhouse to collect seed, the different parent material florescence strictly isolates, and manually shells flower bud, and same strain different plants is pollinated mutually, improves seed collecting quality.
2, first generation of hybrid seeding technique:
(1) strictly isolate: must take strict quarantine measures at seed breeding base, preferably natural cover isolation, isolation distance should more than 1500 meters.
(2) date of seeding adjustment: with self incompatible line 16-8-5-4-1 of the present invention for female parent, Self-Incompatibility 11-16-8-3-1 is that male parent carries out hybrid seeding.Because the florescence of Parent is comparatively consistent, need the sowing time suitably adjusting Parent according to production of hybrid seeds ground weather conditions at seeding time.
(3) field planting ratio: generally, male parent carries out field planting with maternal alternately according to 1:1.
(4) field management: in Jiangsu Province, general sowing mid-September, 72 hole point disk seedling growings, 5-6 leaf direct field planting simple plastic greenhouse rain shelter cultivation, when temperature reaches more than 30 DEG C, surrounding is ventilated, and notes the Timeliness coverage of hybrid strain and pull out before blooming.Flowering stage puts honeybee pollination in canopy, each booth 2 case, thanks and spends latter about 10 days to wipe out secondary flower, wipes out secondaryly to spend 1 time, general 2 times every 10 days again.Strengthen the management of field damage by disease and insect.
Table 1 green mustard 30(self incompatible line) and Western cabbage mustard (cytoplasm male sterility line) COMPARISON OF CHARACTERS
The biological character of the green mustard 30 of table 2 and parents
Table 3 green mustard 30 variety biology proterties
Table 4 green mustard 30 variety yield and disease resistance
Claims (5)
1. a breeding method for precocity, resistance to cracking, disease-resistant cabbage mustard, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
The first step, select flower cabbage mustard F1 mid-late uninucleate stage in broccoli breeding material auspicious green F1, inner green F1 and cabbage mustard breeding material Hong Kong to the bud of the early stage applicable microspores culture of double-core to carry out microspores culture respectively to obtain monoploid material; Described monoploid material field Natural double is obtained DH plant population, in described DH plant population, screens the DH plant meeting objective trait carry out selfing, obtain DH strain;
Second step, in the DH strain of the auspicious green F1 of step one gained broccoli, inner green F1 offspring, select the individual plant meeting objective trait for maternal respectively, spend in step one gained Hong Kong in the DH strain of cabbage mustard F1 offspring and select the individual plant meeting objective trait to be male parent, obtain first-filial generation seed F1 at florescence artificial emasculation;
3rd step, generation process is added to step 2 gained Hybrid F1 after select that precocity, top bud are thin, lateral branching germination is strong, stem long 18 ~ 22cm, the thick 2 ~ 4cm of stem, anti-stalk break, black rot are strong, by force cracking, in garden, the time is long, picking time is long, the individual plant that Agronomic trait is similar to cabbage mustard carries out the selfing of flower bud phase and obtains F2, select individual plant to carry out the selfing of flower bud phase according to same standard after adding generation process to F2 to reserve seed for planting, and then go out excellent and stable Self-Incompatibility strain through adding process 3 generation, continuous flower bud phase selfed breeding generation;
4th step, will hybridize F1 offspring Superior line and pass through the excellent and stable Self-Incompatibility strain of flower bud phase selfed breeding as female parent by flower cabbage mustard F1 in auspicious for step 3 gained broccoli green F1 and Hong Kong, flower cabbage mustard F1 in F1 green in broccoli and Hong Kong is hybridized the excellent and stable Self-Incompatibility strain of F1 offspring Superior line by flower bud phase selfed breeding as male parent, hybrid combination is joined in examination, through field observation, qualification, community comparation and assessment, production test, filters out precocity, resistance to cracking, the green mustard 30 of disease-resistant cabbage mustard new varieties.
2. the breeding method of a kind of precocity according to claim 1, resistance to cracking, disease-resistant cabbage mustard, is characterized in that DH plant objective trait described in step one is precocity, top flower bud grain is thin, lateral branching germination is strong, stem is long, cracking by force, disease resistance is strong, quality better.
3. the breeding method of a kind of precocity according to claim 1, resistance to cracking, disease-resistant cabbage mustard, it is characterized in that DH strain objective trait described in step 2 is plant type, leaf like cabbage mustard, precocious, top flower bud grain is thin, lateral branching germination is strong, cracking by force, disease resistance is strong, quality better.
4. according to claim 1 a kind of precocious, resistance to cracking, the breeding method of disease-resistant cabbage mustard, adding generation process concrete grammar described in it is characterized in that is: by clean for the seed shatter accepted, remove flat seed, broken son, dry, point disk seedling growing at the beginning of 1 month, daytime 20-25 DEG C, night 15-18 DEG C, illumination box is placed during 5 leaf 1 heart, daytime 8-12 DEG C, night 4.4-10.6 DEG C, cultivate and get final product field planting after 20 days, field utilizes cascade, blower fan, shading net controls summer high temperature, fuel oil temperature controlling instruments is utilized to improve winter low temperature, long-term temperature controls between 15-28 DEG C, come into bloom at bolting, daytime 10:30-14:30, atomising device is utilized in booth, relative air humidity is made to remain between 70-80%, keep ground moistening, field test stalk break, the disease resistance of black rot and cracking power, guarantee that the disease resistance of Superior line is strong, by force cracking, treat after field planting that bolting is bloomed, Superior line carries out artificial cabage-type rape and bagging isolation, gathers in the crops by the end of May at the beginning of 6 months, late June is sowed again, and method is the same, can gather in the crops by the end of November at the beginning of 12 months, realizes 1 year 2 Dai Jiadai quick breeding.
5. the breeding method of a kind of precocity according to claim 1, resistance to cracking, disease-resistant cabbage mustard, it is characterized in that flower bud phase selfing individual plant requirement flower bud phase Self-Incompatibility index > 9.0, florescence self-compatable index < 0.5 described in step 3.
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Application publication date: 20151216 |