CN112544439A - Exquisite tomato cross pollination method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of pollination links of tomato hybrid seed production, and discloses an exquisite tomato hybrid pollination method, which comprises the following steps: collecting tomato male parent flowers, removing sepals, petals and pistils, and leaving the pistils in a dry aluminum box; placing the open aluminum box in a sealing box filled with quicklime, sealing the cover of the sealing box, and drying the stamens; gently mashing the dried stamen into coarse powder, sieving in an aluminum box, and storing in shade; dipping pollen by a rubber head at the top end of the modified forceps, dropping the pollen on a mature stump with stamens removed, removing two sepals of the pollinated flower, and marking the pollination completion. The invention can solve the problem that pollination is difficult when the pollen amount is insufficient due to the fact that a plurality of combinations are prepared in a pilot plant in tomato crossbreeding work, particularly scientific research work, effectively enriches pollen, improves pollination efficiency, improves seed production purity and reduces labor cost.

Description

Exquisite tomato cross pollination method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of pollination links of tomato hybrid seed production, and relates to an exquisite tomato hybrid pollination method.

Background

Tomatoes are important vegetable crops and are also common model crops in scientific research. The flowers of the tomatoes are completely amphoteric, self-pollinated, and most of the tomatoes in the market are first-generation hybrids because the first-generation hybrids have the excellent characteristics of high yield, stress resistance and the like.

Tomato hybrid seed production has various special pollination tools, such as pollination tubes, pollinators and the like, but can be operated based on the large amount of pollen. The method of wet pollen picking and pollination on site is also adopted, but the tomato flowers are more and small, the operation is inconvenient, and pollen mixing is easy to cause influence on the seed production purity. There is also a method of knocking pollen after drying pollen, for example, a team of the inventor dries tomato flowers by sun drying or drying with a heater, then uses tweezers to clamp the top of stamens and bump the tweezers at the edge of an aluminum box, and obtains pollen by manual vibration; the method is not easy to control the drying time of the pollen, time and labor are wasted when the pollen is knocked one by one, and meanwhile, the pollen yield is low, so that the normal development of the pollination work of the next day can be ensured by multiple people. When the pollination combination quantity is large and the pollen supply quantity of the male parent is limited, especially when a plurality of pollination combinations are prepared in a trial mode in scientific research work, the conventional artificial pollination method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the pollination efficiency is low, and the pollination progress and the pollination effect are influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem that pollination is difficult when a plurality of combinations are prepared in a pilot plant in tomato crossbreeding work, particularly scientific research work, and the pollen amount is insufficient, and provides an exquisite tomato crossbreeding pollination method.

In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:

an elaborate tomato cross-pollination method comprising: collecting tomato male parent flowers, removing sepals and petals, extracting pistils from the bottom, and leaving the stamens in a dry aluminum box; placing the open aluminum box in a sealing box filled with quicklime, sealing the cover of the sealing box, and drying the stamens; gently mashing the dried stamen into coarse powder, transferring and sieving with small writing brush, sieving in aluminum box to obtain pollen mixture, and storing in shade; dipping the pollen mixture with a rubber head at the top of an improved forceps, dropping the pollen mixture on a mature stigmas of a female parent plant after castration, removing two sepals of a flower which finishes pollination, and marking the completion of pollination.

Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

obtaining pollen: numbering the aluminum boxes; in the morning, after dew on tomato flowers of a male parent plant disappears, picking up the whole mature but uncracked male parent flowers and placing the male parent flowers in an aluminum box, after the collection is finished, intensively removing sepals and petals and extracting pistils from the bottom, and leaving stamens in the aluminum box; placing the open aluminum box in a sealing box filled with quicklime, sealing the cover of the sealing box, and drying the stamens; placing the dried stamens in a mortar, and lightly pounding with a grinding rod to obtain a coarse powder pollen mixture; transferring the pollen mixture to a screen mesh by using a small brush pen, screening in an aluminum box, and storing in a shade place;

and (3) cross pollination: picking off flowers already opened by the female parent plant and flowers which are about to open or are judged to have pollinated by the stigma; 1-2 days before pollination, selecting flowers with 1-2 days old stigma, removing stamens of female parent flowers to be pollinated by using a pointed forceps mouth of an improved forceps, and keeping petals; on the day of pollination, the pollen in the aluminum box is dipped by using an improved forceps top rubber head according to the serial number and is spotted on the castrated mature column head; and (4) transversely removing two sepals of the pollinated flower by using an improved forceps to mark the pollination completion.

The aluminum box is provided with a cover; the inner diameter of the aluminum box is 5.5 cm, and the height of the aluminum box is 3 cm.

The stamen contained in the aluminum box is not more than half of the capacity of the aluminum box, and the aluminum box is separately packaged when the stamen is more than half of the capacity.

The size of the sealing box is 29 multiplied by 20 multiplied by 15 cm.

Blocky quicklime is contained in the sealing box; and laying a plastic base plate with holes on the quick lime for placing the aluminum box. The use of a paper backing plate is avoided, and the paper backing plate has hygroscopicity and may contain moisture or absorb pollen moisture, so that the effect of quicklime is finally influenced. The invention requires that the quicklime is blocky quicklime which can be small-fragment quicklime or large-block quicklime. The total surface area of the blocky quicklime is large, and gaps among the blocky quicklime can ensure that all quicklime blocks in the box can play a good moisture absorption role; when the massive quicklime is used, the situation that only one massive quicklime is placed in the sealing box, the surface area of the massive quicklime is smaller than that of a plurality of massive quicklime, and the massive quicklime is difficult to play after a moisture absorption layer is formed on the surface is avoided; meanwhile, powdery quicklime is avoided, so that a moisture absorption layer is not formed after moisture absorption of the upper quicklime powder, and the lower quicklime powder is prevented from affecting the function of the lower lime. The inventor also tries to use a silica gel desiccant, the effect of drying stamens is poor due to the small gaps among desiccant particles and the like, the same amount of stamens are dried by using the silica gel desiccant with the volume amount equal to that of quicklime and the like, and the stamens cannot be dried after being dried for 12 hours; and the procurement cost of the silica gel desiccant is higher than that of quicklime.

The drying time of the stamens is 7-9 hours, and the stamens are dried until the stamens generate sand sound when the aluminum box is slightly shaken, and the stamens do not collapse.

The inner diameter of the mortar is 5 cm, and the length of the grinding rod is 6 cm.

The small writing brush is a small writing brush for line drawing, and the peak length of the small writing brush is 0.6 cm.

The screen cloth be 150 meshes screen cloth, the screen cloth upper end hoop external diameter be 5.5 centimetres, the internal diameter is 4.7 centimetres for the screen cloth can be embedded in the aluminium box and be convenient for take out. After sieving, the aluminum box was wiped with 75% alcohol cotton to remove the scattered pollen mixture.

A person skilled in the art can judge and select flowers with the stigma ripe within 1-2 days according to the color of the stamen of the female parent plant, and generally, when the color of the flower bud of the female parent plant is faint yellow, the stigma can be ripe within 1-2 days.

The method for castrating female parent flowers comprises the following steps: holding the flower handle with one hand, peeling off the female parent flower to be pollinated along the edge of the unopened petal with the tip forceps mouth of the improved forceps with the other hand, separating the stamen along the edge groove of the stamen, removing the stamen and keeping the petal.

The improved tweezers are tip tweezers with rubber heads at the top ends; the tip end of the improved tweezers is used for castration and sepal tearing, and the rubber head arranged at the other end is in a round surface shape, so that pollen dipping and pollination operations are facilitated. The improved tweezers have the emasculation and pollination functions, and are convenient to tear sepals off in the pollination process, so that the tool amount in the pollination work is reduced, and tools do not need to be frequently replaced.

The eraser head can be made of an eraser on a pencil with an eraser; the rubber head is fixed at the top end of the pointed-end tweezers by an inner-layer metal fixing ring and an outer-layer adhesive tape winding layer, and the rubber is ground into a circular surface shape.

The method for removing the sepals comprises the following steps: two sepals are transversely torn from the bottom of the tomato flower of the female parent plant, and the sepals cannot be longitudinally torn or pinched off. Two sepals are needed after pollination of the flowers are finished, and the sepals are torn less, so that the sepals grow and are not obvious in gaps along with the growth of fruits, and the subsequent judgment of the pollination state is influenced; the excessive tearing of sepals can cause the excessive wound of the flower part to influence the effect of flower setting and fruit setting.

As the optimal technical scheme of the exquisite tomato cross pollination method, female parent flowers are checked and newly mature flowers are emasculated at 4-5 pm every day during pollination.

The aluminum box, the mortar, the pestle and the small brush pen are all provided with numbers, the numbers of the aluminum box, the pestle and the small brush pen are used in one-to-one correspondence with the numbers of pollen of male parents during the whole pollination period, and each set of tool is stored independently, so that the mixed pollution with other tools is avoided.

The tomatoes disclosed by the invention are herbaceous plants in the genus of tomatoes in the family of solanaceae, and are classified into cherry tomatoes and big-fruit tomatoes according to the size of fruits, and the sizes of the two tomato flowers are basically the same. Since the flowers per inflorescence of cherry tomatoes are much larger than those of large tomatoes, which is labor and time consuming in the pollination work, the tomatoes in the following examples are all tested by taking the cherry tomatoes as an example.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. effectively enrich pollen and improve pollination efficiency. According to the invention, aiming at the condition of insufficient pollen of the male parent, the stamen is dried, lightly smashed and sieved, and the broken filaments and other non-pollen tissues can dilute and disperse limited pollen, so that the female parent flower pollination quantity is effectively increased.

2. The labor cost is reduced. Earlier, the inventor dries flowers by adopting a mode of drying in the sun or drying by a heater, clamps the top end of a stamen by using tweezers to collide with the tweezers at the edge of an aluminum box, and obtains pollen by a mode of manual vibration. In the invention, the male parent flower is placed in an aluminum box, and is dried in a way of absorbing moisture by quicklime in a sealed box, so that the time can be effectively controlled; the stamens are smashed and sieved out of the powder in a centralized mode, the powder discharging time efficiency is greatly improved, and the device is operable by a single person.

3. The seed production purity is improved. According to the invention, the female parent is castrated in advance, and the mature stigma is selected for pollination during pollination, compared with the method of castration and pollination, the method can avoid the problems of low seed production purity caused by the fact that the stigma is already finished with pollination due to too large flower selection, or poor pollination fertilization effect and low final yield caused by too small flower selection; the pollination is marked by removing two sepals, so that the pollination fruit can be conveniently identified subsequently, the self-bred fruit can be removed, and the pollination method has the advantages of convenience, permanence, uniqueness and the like.

4. The operability is strong. The invention aims to solve the problem of difficult pollination under the condition that a plurality of combinations are trial-prepared in scientific research and the pollen supply amount of a male parent is insufficient. Consumables such as a mortar, an aluminum box, a sealing box and the like used by the invention are convenient to obtain under laboratory conditions, and the work is convenient to carry out due to the characteristics of small volume of each article, no need of power consumption and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a diagram of modified forceps.

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of stamen drying.

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the transfer of the mashed pollen mixture to a screen using a small brush pen.

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the tearing off of maternal flower sepals after pollination is complete.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the implementation examples.

The consumables used in the examples are as follows:

the pollination aluminum box has an inner diameter of 5.5 cm and is provided with a cover.

A sealed box, the size of which is 29 multiplied by 20 multiplied by 15 cm; the sealing box is filled with small fragments of quicklime, and a plastic base plate with holes is laid on the quicklime and used for placing the aluminum box.

A mortar with an inner diameter of 5 cm; a grinding rod with a length of 6 cm.

The small brush pen is used for hooking the thread, and the peak length is 0.6 cm.

150 meshes of screen cloth, screen cloth upper end hoop external diameter is 5.5 centimetres, and the internal diameter is 4.7 centimetres for the screen cloth can be embedded in the aluminium box and be convenient for take out.

The improved tweezers are obtained by modifying tip tweezers (model: GT-HN001J, manufactured by Steel rubbing tool manufacturers), as shown in figure 1, the tip of the tip tweezers is provided with a rubber head, the rubber head is fixed by an inner metal fixing ring and an outer adhesive tape winding layer, and the rubber is ground into a circular surface shape.

The aluminum box, the mortar, the pestle and the small writing brush are numbered, the aluminum box, the pestle and the small writing brush are used in a one-to-one correspondence mode with the pollen numbers of the male parents during the whole pollination period, and each set of tool is stored independently, so that the mixed pollution with other tools is avoided.

Example 1

An elaborate tomato cross-pollination method comprises the following steps:

the pollen obtaining process comprises the following steps:

(1) in the morning, after dew on tomato flowers of a male parent plant disappears, completely picking off mature but uncracked male parent flowers, and collecting the male parent flowers in an aluminum box for pollination; after all the calyx and petals are picked, the calyx and the petals are removed in a centralized manner, pistils are extracted from the bottom, and stamens are left in an aluminum box; the stamen contained in each aluminum box does not exceed half of the capacity of the aluminum box;

(2) as shown in figure 2, an aluminum box containing the stamens is placed in a sealing box containing quicklime in an open mode, a cover of the sealing box is sealed, and the stamens are dried in a quicklime moisture absorption mode; the drying time is generally 7-9 hours, and the drying time can float due to the characteristics of stamens or the large number of stamens and the like, and the drying is carried out until the aluminum box is slightly shaken to generate sand sound and the stamens are not collapsed;

(3) placing the dried stamens in a mortar, and lightly pounding the stamens by using a grinding rod to obtain a coarse powder pollen mixture;

(4) transferring the mashed pollen mixture to a 150-mesh sieve by using a small brush pen, and sieving the mixture in a pollination aluminum box with a corresponding number as shown in a figure 3; wiping the periphery of the aluminum box and two hands with 75% alcohol cotton, and removing the scattered pollen mixture;

(5) and all the aluminum boxes containing the pollen mixture are placed in a shade place for storage.

And (3) hybrid pollination process:

(1) completely picking off flowers which are already opened on the female parent plant and flowers which are going to be opened or are judged to have finished pollination on the stigma;

(2) judging and selecting flowers which can be ripe within 1-2 days of the stigmas according to the color (generally faint yellow) of the stamens of the female parent one day before pollination, pinching the flower handle by one hand, peeling the flowers of the female parent to be pollinated along the edges of unopened petals by a tip forceps mouth of an improved forceps by the other hand, then separating the stamens along the edge ditches of the stamens, removing the stamens and keeping the petals;

(3) in the morning of pollination, gently dipping pollen in the aluminum box by using a rubber head at the top end of the improved forceps according to the serial number, and dotting the pollen on a mature stigma with stamens removed;

(4) and as shown in fig. 4, the pollinated flower is finished, two sepals are transversely removed from the bottom of the flower to mark the completion of pollination;

(5) and during the hybrid pollination period, checking female parent flowers at 4-5 pm every day, removing stamens from newly mature flowers according to the step (2), and pollinating according to the steps (3) and (4).

Example 2

Investigation of pollen Activity of Male parent plants

The inventor selects the male parent pollen which is dried, smashed and sieved according to the technical scheme of the embodiment 1, detects the male parent pollen by an alexander staining method, observes under the field of view of 10 multiplied by an objective lens, and selects 6 representative fields for statistical analysis.

TABLE 1 test results of pollen Activity of the male parent plants

Total amount of pollen in the visual field	Number of active pollen in the visual field	Number of inactive pollen in the visual field
			129	103	26
95	70	25
			136	112	24
88	64	24
			118	87	31
89	70	19

As can be seen from table 1, the total amount of pollen in 6 fields: 655, the total amount of the active pollen is 506, the average pollen activity proportion reaches 77.3 percent, and the combination of the fruit setting condition and the seed number of the pollens obtained by the method 1 of the embodiment 3 shows that the method can obtain the pollen quality meeting the requirement of the tomato cross pollination.

Example 3

Two sets of tests are set in a Liuhe test base greenhouse of agricultural science institute of Jiangsu province, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, and are respectively marked as a method 1 (embodiment 1 method) and a method 2 (conventional method). In 2019, 20 days in 4 months, 3 equal-amount stamens of tomato male parent materials are collected (2 boxes of stamens are collected for each male parent material, each aluminum box has 30 stamens, 6 boxes are total; each group of the stamens of 3 male parent materials is tested to have 1 box, and each group of the tests corresponds to 5 tomato female parent materials to be hybridized and pollinated, namely three combinations.

The method comprises the following steps: the 3 paternal materials required a drying time of 8 hours at the maximum, in 8 hours (no manual intervention in between); after the stamens are dried, the stamens are lightly smashed and sieved, and the time for obtaining each box of pollen is 10 minutes, and the powder quantity is sufficient. 5 female parent plants are pollinated with 2 flowers for 10 flowers, the total number of the flowers is 30, the final fruit setting number is 28, the fruit setting rate is 93.3 percent, and the average seed number of a single fruit is 22.

The method 2 comprises the following steps: due to weather reasons, drying is carried out in a mode of sun drying and warm air blower drying on a balcony, and the longest time is 12 hours (manual multiple turning is needed in the middle, so that water is conveniently dispersed). After the stamens are dried, holding the aluminum box with one hand, clamping the top end of the stamens with the tweezers with the other hand, touching the edge of the aluminum box with the middle upper part of the tweezers, and discharging pollen by continuous vibration, wherein the pollen amount is about half of that of the method 1 finally, and the pollen consumption time of each box is about 30 minutes. Pollination adopts a mode of removing stamens while pollination, pollinated flowers are marked at flower stalks by adopting a pollination marking dye, female parent plants pollinate 2 flowers respectively, 10 flowers are used in each material, the total number of 30 flowers is finally obtained, the fruit setting rate is 63.3%, the average seed number of a single fruit is 16, the fruit setting rate is low, and the seed number is less probably caused by improper flower selection in the pollination process while emasculation is carried out.

TABLE 2 Effect of different pollination methods on Cross pollination

In the spring stubble of 2019, 90 tomato hybrid combinations are co-trial prepared by the inventor, which relate to 20 parts of male parent materials and 30 parts of female parent materials, each female parent material is calculated according to 5 plants with the lowest quantity, pollinates 2-5 inflorescences, 4 inflorescences are in total, each inflorescence is pollinated for about 15 flowers, the pollination time lasts for 20 days, and the male parent flowers are collected every day.

Method 1 (example 1 method): at 4-5 pm every day, the stamen removing time of the flower of the female parent plant is 1 hour, and the cumulative time consumption is 1 hour/day multiplied by 20 days which is 20 hours; collecting male parent flowers and obtaining stamens for about 1 hour every day, and accumulating the consumed time for 1 hour/day multiplied by 20 days to 20 hours; the stamen drying stage takes up 8 hours at most, and takes 8 hours (without manual staring, whether the dry state is achieved is checked), and the cumulative time of 8 hours/day × 20 days is 160 hours; the powder discharging time (mashing and sieving) takes 10 minutes/male parent material × 20 parts of male parent × 20 days ═ 4000 minutes ═ 66.7 hours; pollination takes 3 hours/day × 20 days to 60 hours; and (4) removing the selfed fruits and the pollinated flowers according to the sepal marks after the pollination work is finished, wherein 1 day is needed, and 8 hours are counted. The labor cost is reduced to 41.8 days in 334.7 hours in the whole pollination period according to the work calculation of 8 hours per day, the labor cost is 200 yuan/day in the pollination period, and the cost is 8360 yuan. The expected number of harvested seeds per combination was: 5 x 4 cluster fruit x 15 pollination fruit/cluster x fruit set rate 93.3% × 22 pieces/fruit-6157.8 pieces.

Method 2 (conventional method): drying is carried out by adopting a mode of sunshine drying and warm air blower drying on a balcony. After the stamens are dry, hold the aluminum box with one hand, grasp the top end of the stamens with tweezers with the other hand, touch the edge of the aluminum box with the middle upper part of the tweezers, and discharge the powder by continuous vibration. The pollination adopts a mode of removing stamens and pollinating, and the pollinated flower is marked at a flower stem by adopting a pollination marking dye.

Collecting male parent flowers and obtaining stamens for about 1 hour every day, and accumulating the consumed time for 1 hour/day multiplied by 20 days to 20 hours; the stamen drying stage takes 12 hours/day multiplied by 20 days as 240 hours, the pollen discharging takes 0.5 hour/male parent material multiplied by 20 male parent multiplied by 20 days as 200 hours, the pollination time takes 5 hours/day multiplied by 20 days as 100 hours, and the selfed fruit and the non-pollinated flower need to be removed according to the pollination mark at the flower stalk after the pollination work is finished, and the time needs 1 day and 8 hours. 568 hours of labor are consumed in the whole pollination period, calculated according to 8 hours of work each day, the labor cost is converted into 71 days of labor, and 200 yuan/day of labor cost in the pollination period, because the stamen drying process in the method is long in duration, night rest time is occupied sometimes, pollen is knocked out for a long time, 20 yuan of subsidies are required to be added each day, 220 yuan/day is required, and 15620 yuan is required. The expected number of seeds received per combination is: 5 x 4 cluster fruit x 15 pollination fruit/cluster x fruit set rate 63.3% × 16 pieces/fruit 3038.4 pieces.

It can be seen that method 1 represents a 46.5% cost savings over method 2, while the amount of seed that is expected to be obtained can be increased by 114.5%. The reasons are mainly that: the method 1 can ensure that the maturity of the stigma participating in pollination is good by removing the stamens in advance, and if the stigma with poor maturity is selected in a mode of removing the stamens and pollinating at the same time, pollination fertilization failure can be caused, and the fruit setting rate is low. In the method 2, the labor is large in the processes of drying stamens and knocking pollen, and sufficient pollen can be obtained sometimes even in the night rest time.

Claims (10)

1. An exquisite tomato cross pollination method is characterized in that: collecting tomato male parent flowers, removing sepals and petals, extracting pistils from the bottom, and leaving stamens in an aluminum box; placing the open aluminum box in a sealing box filled with quicklime, sealing the cover of the sealing box, and drying the stamens; mashing the dried stamens into coarse powder, transferring and sieving with a small writing brush, and sieving in an aluminum box to obtain a pollen mixture; dipping the pollen mixture with a rubber head at the top of an improved forceps, dropping the pollen mixture on a mature stigmas of a female parent plant after castration, removing two sepals of a flower which finishes pollination, and marking the completion of pollination.

2. The elegant tomato cross-pollination method of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

obtaining pollen: numbering the aluminum boxes; in the morning, after dew on tomato flowers of a male parent plant disappears, picking up the whole mature male parent flowers without stamens cracking and placing the male parent flowers in an aluminum box, intensively removing sepals and petals after collection, drawing out pistils from the bottom, and leaving stamens in the aluminum box; placing the open aluminum box in a sealing box filled with quicklime, sealing the cover of the sealing box, and drying the stamens; placing the dried stamens in a mortar, and mashing with a grinding rod to obtain a coarse powder pollen mixture; using a small brush pen to assist the pollen mixture to be transferred to a screen mesh and screening the pollen mixture in an aluminum box;

and (3) cross pollination: picking off flowers already opened by the female parent plant and flowers which are about to open or are judged to have pollinated by the stigma; 1-2 days before pollination, selecting flowers with 1-2 days old stigma, removing stamens of female parent flowers to be pollinated by using a pointed forceps mouth of an improved forceps, and keeping petals; on the day of pollination, dipping the pollen mixture in the aluminum box by using a rubber head at the top end of the improved tweezers according to the serial number, and dropping the pollen mixture on the castrated mature column head; and transversely removing two sepals of the pollinated flower by using improved forceps to mark the completion of pollination.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2 for the exquisite cross pollination of tomato, wherein: the stamen contained in the aluminum box is not more than half of the capacity of the aluminum box.

4. The method of claim 1 or 2 for the exquisite cross pollination of tomato, wherein: blocky quick lime is filled in the sealing box, and a plastic base plate with holes is laid on the quick lime and used for placing the aluminum box.

5. The method of claim 1 or 2 for the exquisite cross pollination of tomato, wherein: the stamen is dry until the aluminum box is shaken lightly to make a sand sound, and the stamen does not collapse.

6. The method of claim 1 or 2 for the exquisite cross pollination of tomato, wherein: the screen is a 150-mesh screen.

7. The method of claim 1 or 2 for the exquisite cross pollination of tomato, wherein: the method for castrating female parent flowers comprises the following steps: holding the flower handle with one hand, peeling off the female parent flower to be pollinated along the edge of the unopened petal with the tip forceps mouth of the improved forceps with the other hand, separating the stamen along the edge groove of the stamen, removing the stamen and keeping the petal.

8. The method of claim 1 or 2 for the exquisite cross pollination of tomato, wherein: during pollination, female parent flowers are examined at 4-5 pm every day, and newly mature flowers are emasculated.

9. The method of claim 1 or 2 for the exquisite cross pollination of tomato, wherein: the improved tweezers are tip tweezers with rubber heads at the top ends, and the rubber heads are in a circular surface shape.

10. The method of claim 1 or 2 for the exquisite cross pollination of tomato, wherein: the aluminum box, the mortar, the pestle and the small brush pen are numbered, and the number of the aluminum box, the pestle and the small brush pen corresponds to the number of the pollen of the male parent one by one during pollination.

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