CN111066649B - Sexual propagation method for echeveria succulent plants - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a sexual propagation method of echeveria succulent plants, and relates to the technical field of succulent breeding; the sexual propagation of the echeveria succulent plant is successfully realized by combining the steps of selfing, hybridization, seed germination and the like of the echeveria succulent plant. The method has low facility and equipment requirements, is simple and feasible, and lays a technical foundation for crossbreeding of echeveria succulent plants. In the embodiment of the invention, selfing is carried out on the red paws, 127.21 seeds are grown on average in each flower, and 50 seeds are broadcast to obtain 42 seedlings; carrying out positive and negative crossing on the black paws and the hunter seats respectively, wherein the average seed setting of each flower is 82.17 grains and 87.33 grains respectively, and sowing 50 grains to obtain 41 orthogonal seedlings and 44 reverse crossing seedlings.

Description

Sexual propagation method for echeveria succulent plants

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of succulent breeding, and particularly relates to a sexual propagation method of echeveria succulent plants.

Background

Succulent plants (succulents) are plants in which some part of the vegetative organs of the plants, such as roots, stems, and leaves (a few species have both parts), have developed parenchyma to store water and appear thick and juicy in appearance. Crassulaceae (Crassulaceae) is a family in dicotyledonae, has beautiful appearance, various shapes, rich colors and various varieties, integrates ornamental, landscaping and medicinal values, and is deeply favored by people.

The genus echeveria is the major genus of succulent plants in the family Crassulaceae, and about 170 species, and the trail of wild echeveria was found in the Andes mountains from the southern United states to south America, but the main origin of echeveria is in Mexico. The echeveria succulent plants are like lotus flowers, have gorgeous colors and extremely high ornamental value and are popular with succulent lovers. The echeveria succulent plant belongs to asexual propagation plants, leaf cuttage is mainly adopted for propagation in production, the difficulty in obtaining a new variety by natural variation is high, if selfing or hybridization of the echeveria succulent plant is carried out by sexual propagation, a character with stronger ornamental value can be obtained by gene recombination, and the excellent character is fixed by asexual propagation, so that the method is a way for quickly breeding the new variety of the echeveria succulent plant. The polyporus plants can obtain seeds only by selfing a few materials, most selfing can not produce the seeds, the seeds obtained by selfing or hybridization are extremely small, the seeds are difficult to test by naked eyes, the seed vigor is weak, seedlings are not easy to grow, and the great difficulty is brought to the sexual propagation of the polyporus plants.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a sexual propagation method for echeveria succulent plants, which provides technical support for genetic breeding of echeveria succulent plants.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a sexual propagation method of echeveria succulent plants, which comprises the following steps: (1) pollinating by taking the succulent plants of the echeveria with the diameter of the overground part nutrient bodies not less than 6cm as parents;

(2) after pollination for 15 days, sowing seeds obtained by pollination on the substrate; the substrate comprises a mixture of turf and vermiculite.

Preferably, when the diameter of the overground part nutrient body of the parent in the step (1) is 6cm, 1 flowering branch is reserved, and the number of the reserved flowering branches is increased by 1 branch when the diameter of the overground part nutrient body is increased by 2 cm.

Preferably, the pollination in step (1) comprises self-pollination and cross-pollination.

Preferably, when self-pollination is carried out, after the flower is opened, the anther is taken down together with the petals, 1/3 petals are removed, and mucus on the surface of the stigma is wiped off; smearing pollen on the anther on the stigma.

Preferably, when carrying out hybrid pollination, removing flowers which are already opened on the flower branches of the male parent, and bagging the flower branches; removing anther from the bud of the female parent 1d before blooming, bagging, collecting anther of the male parent bagged flower on the next day, and smearing pollen on the anther on the cleaned female parent stigmas.

Preferably, the planting in step (2) comprises: perforating the bottom of the planting container to fill the substrate at the height of the container 2/3; and placing the container in water, after the substrate is wetted, broadcasting the seeds on the surface of the substrate, and growing under the condition of flash light with the illuminance of 15000LX at 25 ℃.

Preferably, transplanting the seedlings into a greenhouse for management when the seedlings grow until the diameter of the overground part nutrient body reaches 0.3 cm.

The invention provides a sexual propagation method of echeveria succulent plants, which successfully realizes the sexual propagation of the echeveria succulent plants by combining the steps of selfing, hybridization, seed germination and the like of the echeveria succulent plants. The method has low facility and equipment requirements, is simple and feasible, and lays a technical foundation for crossbreeding of echeveria succulent plants. In the embodiment of the invention, selfing is carried out on the red paws, 50 grains are broadcast sowed on selfed seeds, and 42 seedlings can be obtained; the black paws and the hunter seats are respectively crossed positively and negatively, 50 grains of hybrid seeds are broadcast, and 41 orthogonal seedlings and 44 backcross seedlings can be obtained.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a sexual propagation method of echeveria succulent plants, which comprises the following steps: (1) pollinating by taking the succulent plants of the echeveria with the diameter of the overground part nutrient bodies not less than 6cm as parents;

(2) after pollination for 15 days, sowing seeds obtained by pollination on the substrate; the substrate comprises a mixture of turf and vermiculite.

The invention pollinates with the succulent plants of echeveria with the diameter of the nutrient body on the ground not less than 6cm as parent. When the diameter of the overground part nutrient body of the parent is 6cm, 1 flowering branch is preferably reserved, and the number of reserved flowering branches is increased by 1 branch when the diameter of the overground part nutrient body is increased by 2 cm. The parent species is not particularly limited in the present invention, and preferably includes "red paws", "black paws" or "hunting seat".

The pollination of the invention preferably comprises self-pollination and cross pollination; when self-pollination is performed, it is preferably: after the flower is opened, taking down the anther together with the petals, and wiping off mucus on the surface of the stigma; smearing pollen on the removed anther on the column head. The invention preferably uses tweezers to remove the anther with petals, removes the petals on the upper parts 1/3 of the petals and wipes off mucus on the surface of the stigma. The invention preferably uses clean cotton balls or toilet paper to slightly wipe mucus on the surface of the stigma, so as to promote successful pollination and ovary enlargement and seed setting. The upper part of the petal is too small to block anther and is not beneficial to pollination, and the upper part of the petal is too large to hold by hand and is difficult to wipe pollen on stigma. In the present invention, before the above operation, hands and tweezers are preferably sterilized, and the disinfectant is preferably 75% alcohol. In the invention, when the pollination is carried out, the rest petal part (with the filaments) is preferably held by hand, the pollen on the anther is smeared on the stigma, and the stigma is full of yellow pollen by naked eyes.

In the present invention, when cross pollination is performed, it is preferable that: removing flowers which have opened on the flower branches of the male parent, and bagging the flower branches; removing anther from the bud of the female parent 1d before blooming, bagging, collecting anther of the male parent bagged flower on the next day, and smearing pollen on the anther on the cleaned female parent stigmas. In the invention, when the cross pollination operation is carried out, hands and tweezers are preferably disinfected, and the disinfection is preferably the same as that described above, and is not described again. The invention preferably uses a white parchment paper bag to cover the flowering branch of the pollen to be taken. In the invention, all anthers in the flower bud are preferably removed from the position of the flower silk by using tweezers 1d before the female parent flowers.

According to the invention, after the self-pollination or the cross pollination, the ovary change after the pollination is preferably observed, and if the ovary is expanded, the pollination is successful.

After pollination is carried out for 15 days, seeds formed by pollination are sown on a substrate; the substrate comprises a mixture of turf and vermiculite. After pollination is carried out for 15 days, flower and fruit pods are pollinated to become brown and dry, the fruit pods are picked, a piece of white printing paper is laid on a table top, the lower parts of the fruit pods are pinched by hands, the fruit pods are slightly knocked on the printing paper, seeds are knocked out, and black brown seeds are mature seeds. The present invention preferably seeds the mature seeds on a substrate, which substrate is preferably passed through a 30 mesh screen prior to mixing. The planting of the present invention preferably comprises: perforating the bottom of the planting container to fill the substrate at the height of the container 2/3; and placing the container in water, sowing the seeds on the surface of the substrate after the substrate is wetted, and growing under the condition of scattering light of 15000LX at 25 ℃. The container is preferably a light-transmitting plastic pot with a cover, the length, the width and the height of the light-transmitting plastic pot are respectively 17 cm, 12cm and 4cm, 2-3 holes with the diameter of 0.5cm are punched at the bottom of the pot, so that the substrate can absorb water conveniently, and the water supply during the growth period of seedlings is maintained. The present invention places the container in water, preferably at a depth below the height of the container. After the seeds are sown on the surface of the matrix, the matrix is preferably covered with a cover to preserve moisture, and then the matrix is placed under the condition of scattering light of 15000LX at 25 ℃ to grow. The invention is preferably placed in a light incubator for growth, and the light time in the light incubator is preferably 16 h/d. The method preferably transplants the seedlings into a greenhouse for management when the seedlings grow until the diameter of the overground part nutrient body reaches 0.3 cm. The invention does not need fertilization in the whole seedling stage, can not spray water from the upper part and can only absorb water from the lower part through the small holes at the bottom of the pot.

The method for sexual reproduction of echeveria succulent plants provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

'Red claw' selfing propagation

a.2, growing red paw plants, wherein the total number of the red paw plants is 7, and the diameter of each flower head is 6-12 cm; the diameter of the flower head is less than 5cm, the mortality rate of the nutrient body of 1 flower branch is 46.8 percent, the diameter of the flower head is 6cm, the mortality rate of the nutrient body is 5.8 percent, and the mortality rate of the nutrient body is reduced by 41.0 percent compared with the mortality rate of the nutrient body of 5 cm;

b.2, reserving flower branches on the flower heads, wherein the diameters of the flower branches are 6cm and 12cm respectively, and cutting off the flower branches appearing on other flower heads; 2 branches are left at the 6cm flower head, the death rate of the nutrient body is improved by 19.4 percent compared with that of the 1 branch, and the seed setting number of each flower after pollination is reduced by 37.1 percent;

c. after the flower is opened, slightly wiping mucus on the stigma with a clean cotton ball or toilet paper, disinfecting hands and tweezers with 75% alcohol, taking down the anther with the filaments together with the petals with the tweezers, simultaneously taking down a plurality of anthers, removing the part 1/3 on the upper parts of the petals with the tweezers, holding the rest petal parts (with the filaments) by hands, smearing the pollen on the anthers on the stigma, and observing that the stigma is full of yellow pollen with naked eyes; the upper part of the petal is too small to block anthers and is not favorable for pollination, and the upper part of the petal is too large to be held by hand and is difficult to wipe pollen on stigma;

d. pollinating 9 flowers on each flower branch respectively, wherein all pollination flower ovaries are fully expanded, the ovary expansion rate is 100%, and the treatment ovaries pollinated in the bud stage are not expanded; before pollination, stigma mucus is not erased, an ovary is not expanded, and seeds can not be formed; the stigma is rubbed with force, the stigma is injured, the ovary is not expanded, and the seed can not be formed;

e. 15 days after pollination, turning brown and drying the pollinated flower and fruit pods, picking the fruit pods, laying a piece of white printing paper on a table top, pinching the lower parts of the fruit pods by hands, slightly knocking the fruit pods on the printing paper, knocking out the seeds, wherein the black brown seeds are mature seeds; 100-200 seeds are harvested from each fruit pod, 127.21 seeds are grown in each flower on average, and the breeding requirement can be met by pollinating 1-2 flowers; the fruit pods are naturally cracked when the fruits are not harvested for more than 15 days, and the seeds fall off from the fruit pods;

f. the sowing and seedling raising method comprises the following steps: sieving turf and vermiculite with a 30-mesh sieve, mixing according to a volume ratio of 1:1, punching 2-3 holes with the diameter of 0.5cm at the bottom of a light-transmitting plastic pot with a cover, wherein the length, width and height of the light-transmitting plastic pot are 17 cm, 12cm and 4cm, taking down the pot cover, filling a substrate to 2/3 of the height of the pot body, placing the pot cover in clean water, wherein the water depth is lower than the height of the pot until the substrate is wet, sowing 50 seeds on the surface of the substrate, covering the pot cover to preserve moisture, placing the pot cover in an illumination incubator at 25 ℃ and 15000lx, illuminating for 16h every day, opening the cover after seedling emergence, and moving the seedlings into a greenhouse to be managed when the ground diameter reaches 0.3cm, so as to obtain 42 seedlings; the seedling raising matrix adopts turf alone, the emergence rate is reduced by 90.5% compared with the method without sieving, the emergence rate of the covering matrix after sowing is reduced to 0, the seedling rate of direct light after emergence is reduced by 95.2% compared with scattered light, the seedling rate of water supply by spraying on the upper part is reduced by 62.7%, and the seedling rate is reduced by 85.7%.

Example 2

Hybridization of "Black paw" with "Hunter seat

The diameter of a black paw flower head is 7cm, and the diameter of a hunter seat flower head is 6cm, wherein only one flower head is arranged;

b, reserving 1 flowering branch for the black paw and the hunter seat;

c. removing flowers from the male parent flowering branch, disinfecting hands with 75% alcohol, and covering the pollen flowering branch with a white parchment paper bag; selecting buds of the female parent 1 day before flowering, sterilizing hands and tweezers with 75% alcohol, removing all anthers in flowers from the filaments with the tweezers, bagging, sterilizing the hands and the tweezers with 75% alcohol on the second day, removing the male flowers, removing bags, slightly wiping mucus on stigma, and taking pollen of the male parent bagged to be smeared on the stigma of the female parent; the black claws and the hunter seats are crossed positively and negatively to form parents and parents;

d. 6 flowers are made for each hybridization treatment, and ovaries are enlarged; pollination is carried out on the castration day, the ovary is not expanded, and seeds are not produced; pollen mixing can be caused without alcohol disinfection or bagging isolation, so that the male parent source is not clear, and the offspring character analysis can not be carried out;

e. 15 days after pollination, turning brown and drying the pollinated flower and fruit pods, picking the fruit pods, laying a piece of white printing paper on a table top, pinching the lower parts of the fruit pods by hands, slightly knocking the fruit pods on the printing paper, knocking out the seeds, wherein the black brown seeds are mature seeds; obtaining 493 orthogonal seeds (black claws as female parent and hunter base as male parent), 82.17 seeds per flower on average, 524 backcross seeds (black claws as male parent and hunter base as female parent), and 87.33 seeds per flower on average;

f. sieving turf and vermiculite with a 30-mesh sieve, mixing according to a volume ratio of 1:1, punching 2-3 holes with the diameter of 0.5cm at the bottom of a light-transmitting plastic pot with a cover, wherein the length, width and height of the light-transmitting plastic pot are 17 cm, 12cm and 4cm, taking down the pot cover, filling a substrate to 2/3 of the height of the pot body, placing the pot cover in clean water, wherein the water depth is lower than the height of the pot until the substrate is wet, sowing 50 seeds on the surface of the substrate, covering the pot cover to preserve moisture, placing the pot cover in an illumination incubator at 25 ℃ and 15000lx, illuminating for 16h every day, opening the cover after seedling emergence, and moving the seedlings into a greenhouse to be managed when the ground diameter reaches 0.3cm, so that 41 orthogonal seedlings and 44 reverse crossing seedlings are obtained.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for sexual reproduction of a succulent plant of echeveria, characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) pollinating by taking the succulent plants of the echeveria with the diameter of the overground part nutrient bodies not less than 6cm as parents;

(2) after pollination for 15 days, sowing seeds obtained by pollination on the substrate; the substrate is a mixture of grass carbon and vermiculite;

when the diameter of the overground part nutrient body of the parent in the step (1) is 6cm, 1 flowering branch is reserved, and the number of the reserved flowering branches is increased by 1 branch when the diameter of the overground part nutrient body is increased by 2 cm;

the pollination in the step (1) comprises self-pollination and hybrid pollination;

when self-pollination is carried out, after the flower is opened, the anther is taken down together with the petals, 1/3 petals are removed, mucus on the surface of a stigma is wiped off, and pollen on the anther is smeared on the stigma;

when carrying out hybrid pollination, removing flowers which have opened on the male parent flower branches, and bagging the flower branches; removing anther from the bud of the female parent 1d before blooming, bagging, collecting anther of the male parent bagged flower on the next day, and smearing pollen on the anther on the cleaned female parent stigmas.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said planting of step (2) comprises: perforating the bottom of the planting container to fill the substrate at the height of the container 2/3; and placing the container in water, after the substrate is wetted, broadcasting the seeds on the surface of the substrate, and growing under the condition of flash light with the illuminance of 15000LX at 25 ℃.

3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the seedlings are transplanted into a greenhouse for management when they grow to a diameter of 0.3 cm.