CN114208660B - Novel hybrid seed production technology of innovative pumpkin for seeds - Google Patents
Novel hybrid seed production technology of innovative pumpkin for seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN114208660B CN114208660B CN202111515310.3A CN202111515310A CN114208660B CN 114208660 B CN114208660 B CN 114208660B CN 202111515310 A CN202111515310 A CN 202111515310A CN 114208660 B CN114208660 B CN 114208660B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/026—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility by treatment with chemicals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/12—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel hybrid seed production technology of innovative pumpkin for seeds, which comprises the procedures of safety isolation, parental and parental proportion and sowing time control, drug emasculation, manual first emasculation, first female melon removal, impurity removal, male flower taking, artificial pollination, manual second emasculation, manual third emasculation, male parent local management after pollination is finished, later management and the like. The novel hybrid seed production technology of the innovative pumpkin for seeds, provided by the invention, ensures the resource safety as much as possible, reduces the risk of interplanting, simplifies the pollination process, improves the pollination efficiency, reduces the breeding cost and increases the seed production yield, and in the novel mode, the worker pollination operation efficiency is improved by more than 100%, and meanwhile, the labor cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hybridization breeding, in particular to a novel hybridization seed production technology of innovative pumpkin seeds.
Background
Because the pumpkin male flower pollen has the characteristics of low high temperature resistance and quick inactivation, the artificial pollination time is strict, the pollination is completed before the pollen validity period is 10:00 am, the optimal pollination time is 5:30-8:00 a.m., otherwise, the pollen vigor is lost more later, and the seed production yield is severely reduced.
With the advent of aging population, the problem of organizing a large number of skilled employers for a particular severe period of time has become more and more pronounced. In the conventional seed production mode, the related auxiliary operation procedures are particularly more in the pumpkin pollination operation procedures, so that the pollination efficiency cannot be improved for many years, and the seed production cost of the pumpkin is always high. At present, a company distributes a variety seed production task to a plurality of small farmers to be singly executed by taking a household as a unit, under the condition, famous and excellent variety seeds are easily purchased in a interplanting manner, and quality problems occur in the seed production process.
The majority of the pumpkin seeds belong to single cross seeds (occasionally also have three cross seeds and the like), and do not belong to the three-line cross category, so that the inbred parents are easy to run off due to seed production of small farmers, and the resource protection is not a common problem faced by various companies. Therefore, the problems of difficult employment, low working efficiency, difficult resource protection, easy loss of parent resources, difficult effective control of seed yield and the like in the pumpkin seed production process restrict the benign healthy development of the pumpkin seed industry to a certain extent.
The technical defects of the traditional conventional hybrid seed production of zucchini are mainly shown in the following steps:
(1) The pollination process is as follows: (1) the petals of the female parent are loosened and yellowing female flower paper cap is sleeved every afternoon. (2) The petals of the male parent are loosened and yellow male buds are pinched off every afternoon and evening, and the pinched male buds are bundled and vertically placed in a basin filled with shallow water for life cultivation. (3) And (5) taking off the paper cap on the female cap flower at 5-10 am on day 2. (4) Removing petals of male flowers of male parents retrieved from the first day to expose anthers, opening the cap female flower petals to expose stigmas, and uniformly coating pollen on the stigmas of female flowers for pollination. (5) After pollination is finished, in order to prevent bees from penetrating, the petals of female flowers are tightly sleeved by paper caps again. (6) The marker loop is sleeved on the fruit stem of the pollination female flower to be used as a hybridization marker.
(2) Resource protection is difficult: the seed production area is shared to small farmers for planting in a small area, and the resource protection is difficult and the parent loss is easy because a plurality of farmers contact the parent material.
(3) The risk of the purchase is large: when the method meets famous varieties, individual small farmers benefit, and the risk of being purchased in a interplanted manner during harvesting is increased.
(4) The pollination efficiency is low: in the traditional pollination operation mode, a skilled worker can only be responsible for pollination work of about 1 mu of land in one day, and the pollination work procedures are more and take a great deal of time to do relevant assisting work procedures.
(5) Poor pollination quality: in order to increase the area of the female parent during seed production by farmers, the area of the male parent is generally reduced, and then the male parent is densely planted, so that poor ventilation and disease increase are caused among the male parent plants. The male flowers of the final plants are maldeveloped and malnourished, the quantity of pollen is small and the quality is poor, so that the hybridization pollination seed setting rate is low and the seed production yield is low.
Therefore, how to improve the systematic seed production technology of the pumpkin, ensure the resource safety, reduce the risk of interplanting, simplify the pollination process, improve the pollination efficiency, reduce the breeding cost and increase the seed production yield is a problem to be solved urgently facing the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel hybrid seed production technology of innovative pumpkin for seeds, which can ensure the resource safety as much as possible, reduce the risk of interplanting, simplify the pollination process, improve the pollination efficiency, reduce the breeding cost and increase the seed production yield, and in the novel mode, the worker pollination operation efficiency is improved by more than 100 percent, and meanwhile, the labor cost is greatly reduced; to solve the problems set forth in the background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a novel hybrid seed production technology of innovative pumpkin for seeds comprises the following steps:
s1: safety isolation: ensuring good isolation of the periphery of the seed production base;
s2: parental control ratio and seeding time control: planting male parent and female parent in the ratio of 1:9, sowing with single seed and sowing depth of 2-3cm, sowing male parent 7 days in advance, sowing male parent at the beginning of five months at the end of 4 months, sowing female parent after 7 days;
s3: drug emasculation: preparing 40% ethephon into a plant growth regulator solution with the concentration of 600PPM, and starting to spray the solution when the female parent plants of the seed field grow to three leaves and one heart;
s4: manual first emasculation: emasculation work planning, field pollination order priority, emasculation order priority; after the emasculation of the pollinated female parent field is completed, the female parent Tian Xionghua in the subsequent sowing period does not influence the pollination Tian Chundu, and then the formal artificial pollination work is started;
s5: removing the first female melon: at the same time of the artificial emasculation of female parent in the seed field, the 1 st female flower on the female parent is removed, and the subsequent female flowers are used as main pollination objects due to low seed yield of the melon reserved in the first female flower position;
s6: impurity removal: the female parent in the seed production field is subjected to manual emasculation, simultaneously, impurity plants, malformed plants, diseased plants and weak plants of the female parent are removed in time, the impurity removal is performed for four times, the female parent is subjected to the manual emasculation for three times, and the impurity removal is performed for one week before the fourth impurity removal and harvesting, so that the impurity melon is mainly removed; the parent Honda is cleaned, and the hybrid plants, malformed plants, sick plants and weak plants are removed after the complete before the formal start of pollination.
S7: taking male flowers: before pollination begins every morning, workers are arranged at a ratio of about 3:30 in the morning to pick up male flowers to be opened on male parent in a seed field, and the male flowers are put into a barrel-shaped container which is convenient to carry, wherein the male flowers are enough in pollen and strong in activity, and the length of flower stems of the male flowers is 10 cm;
s8: artificial pollination: dividing a working area and dispatching morning pollination work, and planning a per-man pollination working area at peak time to be 2 mu/man;
s9: manual second emasculation: the secondary emasculation sequence of the female parent in the seed production field is developed according to the first emasculation sequence of the manual work, and the interval between the secondary emasculation sequence and the first emasculation time is about 7 days; after pollination is finished, the remaining time and afternoon time are organized, and workers remove all male flowers and double flowers on the female parent for the second time;
s10: manual third emasculation: the female parent of the seed field is emasculated for three times, the emasculation sequence is developed according to the second emasculation sequence of the manual work, and the time interval between the emasculation sequence and the second emasculation sequence is about 7 days;
s11: and (5) finishing pollination and managing the male parent: after pollination is finished, the male parent field is shoveled or used for other purposes;
s12: and (3) post-management: timely dressing nitrogen and phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer, watering, promoting full expansion of seed fruits and plump seeds; the prevention and the treatment of various diseases are mainly performed by pre-prevention and symptomatic drug delivery; harvesting after pollination is finished for about 60-70 days.
Furthermore, the space between the S1 and the isolation area is at least 3000 m, and any other pumpkin or pumpkin variety is strictly forbidden in the isolation area, but the plurality of female parents are not limited to share one male parent.
Furthermore, the planting density of the male parent and the female parent in the S2 is the same, the plant spacing is 45 cm, the large row spacing is 90 cm, the small row spacing is 40 cm, and the planting density is 2280 plants/mu.
Further, the specific method for spraying the solution in the step S3 is as follows: spraying once every 5-7 days, and continuously spraying for three times to realize female parent emasculation, wherein spraying or drifting the liquid medicine is strictly forbidden to be sprayed or drifted to the male parent seed production field when spraying the liquid medicine.
Furthermore, in S7, according to the actual situation, the LED head lamp of the small xenon miner lamp type can be purchased in advance to be used as a supplementary lighting tool in the early morning; and in the pollination peak period, the male parent field is sprayed with foliar fertilizer once a week.
Furthermore, the pollination time in S8 is selected to be carried out when flowering is carried out at 5-10 am, each person carries a container for containing male flowers, crowns of male flowers of male parents picked in early morning are torn off to expose stamens, pollen is uniformly smeared on column heads of female flowers, and simultaneously, a petal with a nail cover size is broken off from the female flowers to serve as a pollination mark, so that the male flowers are convenient for management personnel to check; wherein, the female melon which is not pollinated after 10 hours per day is manually removed.
Further, the specific method in S10 is as follows: removing male flowers, bipolar flowers and buds on a female parent in time after three times of emasculation, reserving 3-4 tender leaves at the top end, pinching off the tips, and removing non-pollinated plants; removing the hybrid strain and malformed strain of female parent, and the sick strain and weak strain.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the novel hybrid seed production technology of the innovative pumpkin for seeds, provided by the invention, reduces the risk of interplanting, simplifies the pollination process, improves the pollination efficiency, reduces the breeding cost and increases the seed production yield while guaranteeing the resource safety as much as possible, and under the novel mode, the pollination operation efficiency of workers is improved by 150%, thereby greatly saving the key time and manpower resources.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail, however, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a novel hybrid seed production technology of innovative pumpkin for seeds, which comprises the following steps:
the first step: safety isolation: the periphery of the seed production base is required to be well isolated, the space isolation safety distance is at least 3000 m, preferably more than 5000 m, other pumpkin or pumpkin varieties are strictly forbidden to exist in an isolation area, but the situation that a plurality of female parents share one male parent is not limited.
And a second step of: parental proportion and sowing time and method: the male parent and the female parent are planted according to the proportion of 1:9, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, the male parent is sowed 7 days in advance, the male parent is sowed by a five month primary sowing machine at the end of 4 months, the female parent is sowed after 7 days, the planting density of the male parent and the female parent is the same, the plant spacing is 45 cm, the large row spacing is 90 cm, the small row spacing is 40 cm, the planting density is 2280 plants/mu, the field management, pesticide spraying and other related work management are facilitated, and the field proposal of the male parent is singly planned for planting in an independent area.
And a third step of: drug emasculation: preparing 40% ethephon into a plant growth regulator solution with the concentration of 600 PPM; spraying the solution when the female parent plants grow to two leaves and one heart, and specifically making: spraying once every 5-7 days, continuously spraying three times, and spraying the plants thoroughly every time, wherein the method can realize the female parent Tian Quxiong in a large scale and can save a large amount of later labor force; special attention is paid to the spraying of the liquid medicine, and the spraying or drifting to the male parent seed production field is forbidden.
Note that: ppm is parts per million or parts per million and is commonly used in pesticide applications to indicate the concentration of a spray, i.e., the fraction of one million parts of a spray that contains the active ingredient of a pesticide.
Fourth step: manual first emasculation: the male flowers which are not thoroughly emasculated or are missed need to be manually assisted for emasculation, the emasculation work of the female parent fields is planned in advance, the time sequence of field pollination is prioritized, and the emasculation time sequence is prioritized; 3-5 days before pollination work begins, the organizer thoroughly and carefully removes all male flowers, double flowers and open-stalked female melons on the female parent; the emasculation work of the female parent field is completed completely, and the powder work can be formally started.
Fifth step: removing the first female melon: at the same time of artificial emasculation of female parent in seed field, the 1 st female flower on female parent is removed, and the first female flower position is low in seed yield and not suitable for seed reserving, so that the subsequent female flower is used as main pollination object.
Sixth step: impurity removal: the female parent in the seed production field is subjected to manual emasculation, simultaneously, impurity plants, malformed plants, diseased plants and weak plants of the female parent are removed in time, the impurity removal is performed for four times, the female parent is subjected to the manual emasculation for three times, and the impurity removal is performed for one week before the fourth impurity removal and harvesting, so that the impurity melon is mainly removed; the parent Honda is cleaned and finished before pollination formally begins, and the hybrid plants, malformed plants, sick plants and weak plants are mainly removed.
Seventh step: taking male flowers: before the pollination begins every morning, workers are arranged at a ratio of about 3:30 in the morning to pick up male flowers to be opened on male parent in a seed field, and the male flowers are placed into a barrel-shaped container which is convenient to carry, and the male flowers are relatively enough in pollen and strong in vigor. In order to facilitate the hand-holding and pollination, the length of the male flower stems is preferably about 10 cm; according to the actual situation, the LED head lamp such as a small xenon miner lamp type can be purchased in advance to be used as a supplementary lighting tool in the early morning; in the pollination peak period, the male parent field is sprayed with foliar fertilizer once a week in order to improve the yield and pollen quality of male flowers.
Eighth step: artificial pollination: dividing a working area and dispatching morning pollination work, and planning a per-man pollination working area at peak time to be 2 mu/man; the pollination time is selected to be carried out when flowering is carried out at 5-10 am, each person carries a container for containing male flowers, crowns of male flowers of male parents picked in early morning are torn off to expose stamens, pollen is uniformly smeared on the stigmas of female flowers, and simultaneously, petals with the size of a nail cover are broken off from the female flowers to serve as pollination marks, so that the male flowers are convenient for management personnel to check. The time-consuming auxiliary procedures of paper taking caps, paper sleeving caps, marking rings and the like in the traditional pollination operation are eliminated, so that the pollination working efficiency of workers can be greatly improved; female melon which is not pollinated after 10 hours per day is manually removed.
Ninth step: manual second emasculation: the secondary emasculation sequence of the female parent in the seed production field is developed according to the first emasculation sequence of the manual work, and the interval between the secondary emasculation sequence and the first emasculation is about 7 days; after pollination is finished, the remaining time and afternoon time are organized, and workers remove all male flowers and double flowers on the female parent secondarily.
Tenth step: manual third emasculation: the female parent of the seed field is emasculated for three times, the emasculation sequence is developed according to the second emasculation sequence of the manual work, the time interval between the emasculation sequence and the second emasculation is about 7 days, and when emasculation is performed for three times, the pollination work of the female parent field is finished by more than 99 percent; removing male flowers and double flowers and buds on the female parent in time after three times of emasculation; reserving 3-4 tender leaves at the top end, pinching the tips, and plucking out non-pollinated plants; removing the hybrid strain and malformed strain of female parent, and the sick strain and weak strain.
Eleventh step: and (5) finishing pollination and managing the male parent: and (5) after pollination, the male parent is shoveled out or used.
Twelfth step: and (3) post-management: timely dressing nitrogen and phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer, watering, promoting full expansion of seed fruits and plump seeds; the main diseases of pumpkin are powdery mildew, virus diseases and the like, and the main insect pests are aphids, thrips, white flies and the like. The prevention and control of various diseases should be controlled mainly and under the symptoms; harvesting after pollination is finished for about 60-70 days.
To sum up: the novel hybrid seed production technology of the innovative pumpkin for seeds, provided by the invention, reduces the risk of interplanting, simplifies the pollination process, improves the pollination efficiency, reduces the breeding cost and increases the seed production yield while guaranteeing the resource safety as much as possible, and under the novel mode, the pollination operation efficiency of workers is improved by 150%, thereby greatly saving the key time and manpower resources.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention by making equivalents and modifications to the technical solution and the inventive concept thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The hybrid seed production method of the pumpkin for seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: safety isolation: ensuring good isolation of the periphery of the seed production base;
s2: parental control ratio and seeding time control: planting male parent and female parent in the ratio of 1:9, sowing with single seed and sowing depth of 2-3cm, sowing male parent 7 days in advance, sowing male parent at the beginning of five months at the end of 4 months, sowing female parent after 7 days;
s3: drug emasculation: preparing 40% ethephon into a plant growth regulator solution with the concentration of 600PPM, and starting to spray the solution when the female parent plants of the seed field grow to three leaves and one heart;
s4: manual first emasculation: 3-5 days before pollination work begins, the organizer removes all male flowers, dual-sex flowers and open-rot female melons on the female parent; after the emasculation of the pollinated female parent field is completed, the female parent Tian Xionghua in the subsequent sowing period does not influence the pollination Tian Chundu, and then the formal artificial pollination work is started;
s5: removing the first female melon: at the same time of the artificial emasculation of female parent in the seed field, the 1 st female flower on the female parent is removed, and the subsequent female flowers are used as main pollination objects due to low seed yield of the melon reserved in the first female flower position;
s6: impurity removal: the female parent in the seed production field is subjected to manual emasculation, simultaneously, impurity plants, malformed plants, diseased plants and weak plants of the female parent are removed in time, the impurity removal is performed for four times, the female parent is subjected to the manual emasculation for three times, and the impurity removal is performed for one week before the fourth impurity removal and harvesting, so that the impurity melon is mainly removed; the parent Honda is cleaned, and is completed before pollination formally begins, and the hybrid plants, malformed plants, diseased plants and weak plants are removed;
s7: taking male flowers: before pollination begins every morning, workers are arranged at a ratio of about 3:30 in the morning to pick up male flowers to be opened on male parent in a seed field, and the male flowers are put into a barrel-shaped container which is convenient to carry, wherein the male flowers are enough in pollen and strong in activity, and the length of flower stems of the male flowers is 10 cm;
s8: artificial pollination: dividing a working area and dispatching morning pollination work, and planning a per-man pollination working area at peak time to be 2 mu/man;
s9: manual second emasculation: the secondary emasculation sequence of the female parent in the seed production field is developed according to the first emasculation sequence of the manual work, and the interval between the secondary emasculation sequence and the first emasculation time is about 7 days; after pollination is finished, the remaining time and afternoon time are organized, and workers remove all male flowers and double flowers on the female parent for the second time;
s10: manual third emasculation: the female parent of the seed field is emasculated for three times, the emasculation sequence is developed according to the second emasculation sequence of the manual work, and the time interval between the emasculation sequence and the second emasculation sequence is about 7 days;
s11: and (5) finishing pollination and managing the male parent: after pollination is finished, the male parent field is shoveled or used for other purposes;
s12: and (3) post-management: timely dressing nitrogen and phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer, watering, promoting full expansion of seed fruits and plump seeds; the prevention and the treatment of various diseases are mainly performed by pre-prevention and symptomatic drug delivery; harvesting after pollination is finished for 60-70 days.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the space S1 is separated by a safe distance of at least 3000 m, and any other pumpkin or squash variety is strictly forbidden in the isolated area, but the plurality of female parents are not restricted to share one male parent.
3. The hybrid seed production method of zucchini for seeds of claim 1, wherein the planting density of the male parent and the female parent in S2 is the same, the plant spacing is 45 cm, the large row spacing is 90 cm, the small row spacing is 40 cm, and the planting density is 2280 plants/mu.
4. The method for producing seeds by hybridization of zucchini according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of spraying the solution in S3 is as follows: spraying once every 5-7 days, and continuously spraying for three times to realize female parent emasculation, wherein spraying or drifting the liquid medicine is strictly forbidden to be sprayed or drifted to the male parent seed production field when spraying the liquid medicine.
5. The hybrid seed production method of pumpkin for seeds according to claim 1, wherein the specific method in S4 is as follows: all male flowers, bifacial flowers and female flowers that had opened and failed on the female parent were removed 3-5 days before pollination began.
6. The hybrid seed production method of zucchini according to claim 1, wherein in S7, according to the actual situation, the LED head lamp of the small xenon miner lamp type is purchased in advance as a supplementary lighting tool in the early morning; and in the pollination peak period, the male parent field is sprayed with foliar fertilizer once a week.
7. The hybrid seed production method of zucchini for seeds according to claim 1, wherein the pollination time in S8 is selected to be carried out when flowering is 5-10 a.m., each carries a container for containing male flowers, the male flowers picked in the early morning are torn off to expose stamens of crowns, pollen is uniformly smeared on the stigmas of female flowers, and simultaneously, a petal with a nail cap size is broken off from the female flowers as a pollination mark, so that the inspection by management personnel is facilitated; wherein, the female melon which is not pollinated after 10 hours per day is manually removed.
8. The hybrid seed production method of pumpkin for seeds according to claim 1, wherein the specific method in S10 is as follows: removing male flowers, bipolar flowers and buds on a female parent in time after three times of emasculation, reserving 3-4 tender leaves at the top end, pinching off the tips, and removing non-pollinated plants; removing the hybrid strain and malformed strain of female parent, and the sick strain and weak strain.
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