CN105960997A - Biological luring and trapping control and prevention method for color pepper root-knot nematode - Google Patents
Biological luring and trapping control and prevention method for color pepper root-knot nematode Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
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- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological luring and trapping control and prevention method for color pepper root-knot nematode. A planting mode is reasonably set to achieve intercropping of main planted crops and biological luring and trapping plants, multiple technical measures are organically combined, no chemical pesticide is used, color pepper root-knot nematode can be effectively prevented and controlled, the color pepper yield is increased, and the method meets the environment-friendly and low-carbon concept. The prevention and control effect on color pepper root-knot nematode reaches 89.7-92.2%, and the color pepper yield is increased by 17.3% compared with that of a traditional method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for controlling color pepper root-knot nematodes based on biological trapping, belongs to the technical field of green control of vegetable root-knot nematodes, and is suitable for growing color pepper tendrils in a sunlight greenhouse.
Background
Root-knot nematode damage is one of the main damages in the production process of color pepper crops, and can cause the yield reduction of color peppers by more than 30 percent, even no harvest. In recent years, the planting area of vegetables in protected areas such as solar greenhouses and the like in China is continuously enlarged, the temperature and the humidity of the solar greenhouses are proper, and the root-knot nematodes are aggravated year by year due to continuous cropping all year round. The control methods used are, in principle, the application of chemical pesticides, for example: fosthiazate, phoxim, dazomet, dichloroisopropyl riddle, metham, sulfuryl fluoride and the like, but a large amount of chemical agents are used for preventing and treating, so that a large amount of medicine residues in the bodies of crops and soil can be caused, the health of eaters and the health of offspring and offspring can be damaged, and the preventing and treating effect is not good.
Under the great situation that concepts such as environmental protection, green and low carbon are deepened into people, biological prevention and control means such as biological trapping are more and more emphasized in recent years, especially after various chemical pesticides are limited or forbidden. However, the conventional method for planting trap crops is usually in an upper and lower stubble cultivation mode, the recurrence rate of root-knot nematodes is high, and the ideal control effect can be achieved only by auxiliary application of chemical drugs for control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a biological trapping control method for color pepper root-knot nematode, which realizes intercropping of main crops and biological trapping plants under the conditions of not reducing the planting density of the main crops and not influencing the development of the main crops by reasonably setting a planting mode, is organically combined with a plurality of technical measures, does not use chemical pesticides at all, can effectively control the color pepper root-knot nematode, has low energy consumption and accords with the green and low-carbon concepts.
In order to solve the technical problems, the biological trapping control method for the color pepper root-knot nematode is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
in the experiment, it was found that: the double concave cultivation ridges are arranged, so that on one hand, a good environment is created for the interaction symbiosis of the main cultivated crops and the plant for trapping the root-knot nematodes, the planting density of the main cultivated crops is not reduced, and the normal growth and development of the main cultivated crops are not influenced; on the other hand, the main cultivated plants and the root systems of the plant for trapping the root-knot nematodes are separated in space, and the cross distribution of the root systems of the main cultivated plants and the plant for trapping the root-knot nematodes is reduced as much as possible;
2) sowing the 1 st crop trapping plants on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridges 15-20 days before the color peppers are planted;
3) after the 1 st crop trapping plants are sown, the grooves are filled with water in a flood mode, the water is filled with water for 2 times continuously at intervals of 5 days for 1 time, and the water is filled in the grooves for 2 times if the water does not just flow over 2 convex belts on the two sides;
it was also found in the experiments that: by flood irrigation in the grooves, the air permeability of the soil at different parts of the cultivation ridges is changed in a short time, so that the air permeability of the protruding areas on the two sides of the cultivation ridges is better than that of the protruding areas in the middle, and the movement of the root-knot nematodes in the protruding areas in the middle of the cultivation ridges to the protruding areas on the two sides is accelerated;
4) after the last irrigation in the step 3) naturally falls to the dry, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the color peppers are planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 40cm, 47.5g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then color pepper seedlings are planted in the planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the color peppers is finished, diluting liquid of leek extracting solution is selected for root irrigation, and the diluting liquid amount of each color pepper irrigation is 100-;
it was also found in the experiments that: the diluent of the leek extract contains volatile substances, has an effect of avoiding root-knot nematodes and keeps the root-knot nematodes away from the root system of the tomato; carbonized rice hulls are mixed in the planting holes and adsorb partial volatile substances in the diluent of the leek extract, and then the volatile substances are slowly released to prolong the avoidance time of the root-knot nematodes;
7) pulling out the 1 st crop trapping plant with roots 25-30 days after the field planting of the color peppers, and intensively destroying the plants;
8) after the 1 st crop trapping plants are pulled out, the 2 nd crop trapping plants are sowed on the projecting belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridges in a stubble-connecting and drilling mode;
9) after the 2 nd crop trapping plant is sown, irrigating roots of the color peppers for the 2 nd time by using a diluent of a leek extracting solution, wherein the diluent amount of each crop irrigation is 150-200 g;
10) after the harvesting of the color peppers is finished, pulling out the 2 nd crop trapping plants with roots, and intensively destroying the 2 nd crop trapping plants.
An optimized scheme is that the trapping plant is one of pakchoi, leaf lettuce and spinach; wherein,
said pakchoi [ Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino (var. communis Tsen et Lee) ], Brassica plant of Brassicaceae;
said leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa var longifoaf. Lam) belongs to genus Lactuca of Compositae;
the spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), Chenopodiaceae, spinach, and annual herbaceous plant.
In another optimized scheme, the color pepper seedlings in the step 5) are 3-leaf 1-heart seedlings.
In another optimized scheme, the diluent of the leek extract in the step 6) and the step 9) is prepared by the following steps:
(1) selecting leek plants in flowering and seed setting stages, adding the leek plants into a grinder, and juicing;
(2) filtering the solid-liquid mixture squeezed in the step (1), and filtering out residues to obtain filtrate;
(3) mixing the filtrate obtained in the step (2) with water according to a weight ratio of 1: 100-120, and preparing the diluent of the leek extracting solution.
Wherein the leek (Allium porrum), Allium genus of Liliaceae family is a perennial herb.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following advantages that:
(1) the method disclosed by the invention is based on organic combination of biological trapping and multiple technical measures by innovating the cultivation ridge shape and the intercropping and interplanting mode, completely does not use chemical pesticides, is low in energy consumption and accords with the low-carbon concept.
(2) The invention does not produce chemical drug residue in actual use, and the product is green and safe.
(3) The invention has wide application area, simple operation, low use cost and obvious comprehensive benefit, and does not need complicated fumigation measures.
(4) The invention has good effect of preventing and controlling root-knot nematode and high yield. According to tests, the prevention and treatment effect of the color pepper root-knot nematode reaches 89.7% -92.2%, and the color pepper yield is increased by 16.4% -17.3% compared with that of the traditional prevention and treatment method.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples 1And in a certain day light greenhouse in shouguang city, planting color peppers in 1 month and 8 days in 2014, wherein the color pepper variety is Citrus Xiya, and carrying out vine hanging cultivation. Setting 4 treatments, repeating for 3 times, and arranging by random block, wherein the cell area is 120m2The other management measures are exactly the same except for the required measures. The root knot nematode disease of the sunlight greenhouse selected by the field test is serious, the crop planted in the previous crop is the cucumber, and the yield is reduced by more than 30%.
Treatment 1: the method for cultivating the color peppers has the following specific technical scheme:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
2) sowing the 1 st-crop of Chinese cabbages on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridges 15-20 days before the color peppers are fixedly planted;
3) after the 1 st-crop of pakchoi is sowed, the grooves are filled with water in a flood mode, the water is filled properly in the form that the water does not just flow over 2 convex belts on the two sides, and the water is filled continuously for 2 times every 5 days for 1 time;
4) after the last irrigation in the step 3) naturally falls to the dry, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the color peppers are planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 40cm, 47.5g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then the color pepper seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the color peppers is finished, diluting liquid of leek extracting solution is selected for root irrigation, and the diluting liquid amount of each color pepper irrigation is 100-;
7) pulling out the 1 st-crop pakchoi with roots 25-30 days after the field planting of the color peppers, and intensively destroying the pakchoi with roots;
8) after the 1 st-crop pakchoi is pulled out, the 2 nd-crop pakchoi is planted on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a row;
9) after the 2 nd-crop pakchoi is sowed, root irrigation is carried out on the color peppers for the 2 nd time by using a diluent of a leek extracting solution, wherein the diluent amount of each plant is 150-200 g;
10) after the harvesting of the color peppers is finished, pulling out the 2 nd-crop pakchoi with roots, and intensively destroying the pakchoi with roots.
The diluent of the leek extracting solution is prepared by the following steps: selecting leek plants in flowering and seed setting stages, adding the leek plants into a grinder, and juicing; filtering the solid-liquid mixture after juicing, and filtering out residues to obtain filtrate; mixing the filtrate and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 100-120 mixing.
And (3) treatment 2: the color pepper is cultivated according to the following method, the root-knot nematode is controlled by adopting a conventional method for planting trap crops, and the root is irrigated by abamectin if necessary. The specific technical scheme is as follows: before planting the color peppers, planting a batch of pakchoi, pulling out the pakchoi, planting the color peppers, and irrigating roots of the pakchoi with 2000 times of water solution of 2% abamectin if the root-knot nematode harm is found in the growth process of the color peppers. The planting density of the color peppers is the same as that of the treatment 1.
And (3) treatment: color peppers were cultivated as follows, using conventional chemical methods to control root-knot nematodes. The specific technical scheme is as follows: when color pepper is transplanted, 10% lythidathion granules are mixed and applied in fixed planting holes 667m2The dosage is 2.5kg, and the root is irrigated for 2 times by 2000 times of water solution of 2 percent avermectin missible oil in the growth period. The planting density of the color peppers is the same as that of the treatment 1.
And (4) treatment: the color pepper is planted by the conventional method, no measures for preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes are adopted, and the planting density of the color pepper is the same as that of the treatment 1.
And (3) test results:
the control effect of the treatment 1 is 89.7 percent, and the root-knot nematodes in the whole stubble are well prevented and controlled.
The control effect of the treatment 2 is 66.7 percent, the recurrence rate of the root-knot nematodes is high, and the control is carried out by multiple pesticide application.
The control effect of the treatment 3 is 66.2 percent.
And 4, large-area yield reduction is carried out, and partial plants are dead.
The above results were analyzed by anova, and the differences between treatment 1 and treatment 2 and treatment 3, respectively, were at a very significant level, and the differences between treatment 2 and treatment 3 were not significant.
And (4) counting the yield after harvesting, wherein the yield is respectively improved by 16.9 percent and 17.3 percent in the treatment 1 compared with the treatment 2 and the treatment 3.
The test result shows that: the prevention and control effect on the root-knot nematode is far better than that of the conventional method for planting trap crops and the conventional chemical method, and the method is environment-friendly and has no chemical drug residue.
Examples 2And in a certain day light greenhouse in shouguang city, planting color peppers in 1 month and 8 days in 2014, wherein the color pepper variety is Citrus Xiya, and carrying out vine hanging cultivation. Setting 5 treatments, repeating for 3 times, and arranging by random block, wherein the cell area is 120m2The other management measures are exactly the same except for the required measures. The root knot nematode disease of the sunlight greenhouse selected by the field test is serious, the crop planted in the previous crop is the cucumber, and the yield is reduced by more than 30%.
Treatment 1: the method for cultivating the color peppers has the following specific technical scheme:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
2) sowing the 1 st crop of leaf lettuce on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the color pepper is fixedly planted;
3) after the 1 st-crop leaf lettuce is sowed, the grooves are irrigated with water in a flood mode, the irrigation quantity is preferably 2 convex belts which just do not flood the two sides, and the water is irrigated for 2 times continuously every 5 days for 1 time;
4) after the last irrigation in the step 3) naturally falls to the dry, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the color peppers are planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 40cm, 47.5g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then the color pepper seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the color peppers is finished, diluting liquid of leek extracting solution is selected for root irrigation, and the diluting liquid amount of each color pepper irrigation is 100-;
7) pulling out the 1 st leaf of leaf lettuce with roots 25-30 days after the fixed planting of the color peppers, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce;
8) after the 1 st leaf lettuce is removed, the 2 nd leaf lettuce is planted on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a row;
9) after the 2 nd crop of leaf lettuce is sown, root irrigation is carried out on the color pepper for the 2 nd time by using diluent of leek extract, and the diluent amount of each crop irrigation is 150-200 g;
10) after the color pepper is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd crop of leaf lettuce with root, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce.
The dilution of leek extract was prepared as in treatment 1 of example 1.
And (3) treatment 2: the color pepper is cultivated according to the following method, except that the grooves are not irrigated with water in a flood mode, the other measures are completely the same as the treatment 1. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
2) sowing the 1 st crop of leaf lettuce on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the color pepper is fixedly planted;
3) after the 1 st-crop leaf lettuce is sowed, the grooves are not irrigated with water in a flood mode; a drip irrigation tape is arranged in the groove and is used for watering the color peppers after field planting;
4) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 40cm, 47.5g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then the color pepper seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes;
5) after the field planting of the color peppers is finished, selecting a diluent of a leek extracting solution to fill roots, wherein the filling amount of each color pepper is 100-;
6) pulling out the 1 st leaf of leaf lettuce with roots 25-30 days after the fixed planting of the color peppers, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce;
7) after the 1 st leaf lettuce is removed, the 2 nd leaf lettuce is planted on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a row;
8) after the 2 nd crop of leaf lettuce is sown, root irrigation is carried out on the color pepper for the 2 nd time by using diluent of leek extract, and the irrigation amount of each crop is 150-;
9) after the color pepper is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd crop of leaf lettuce with root, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce.
The preparation of the diluent of the leek extract is the same as that in the treatment 1.
And (3) treatment: the color pepper was cultivated as follows, except that no carbonized rice hulls were applied in the planting holes, the procedure was the same as in treatment 1. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
2) sowing the 1 st crop of leaf lettuce on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the color pepper is fixedly planted;
3) after the 1 st-crop leaf lettuce is sowed, the grooves are irrigated with water in a flood mode, the irrigation quantity is preferably 2 convex belts which just do not flood the two sides, and the water is irrigated for 2 times continuously every 5 days for 1 time;
4) after the last irrigation in the step 3) naturally falls to the dry, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the color peppers are planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 40cm, and 3-leaf and 1-heart color pepper seedlings are planted in the planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the color peppers is finished, selecting a diluent of a leek extracting solution to fill roots, wherein the filling amount of each color pepper is 100-;
7) pulling out the 1 st leaf of leaf lettuce with roots 25-30 days after the fixed planting of the color peppers, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce;
8) after the 1 st leaf lettuce is removed, the 2 nd leaf lettuce is planted on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a row;
9) after the 2 nd crop of leaf lettuce is sown, root irrigation is carried out on the color pepper for the 2 nd time by using diluent of leek extract, and the irrigation amount of each crop is 150-;
10) after the color pepper is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd crop of leaf lettuce with root, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce.
The preparation of the diluent of the leek extract is the same as that in the treatment 1.
And (4) treatment: the color pepper was cultivated as follows, except that the root irrigation with the diluted leek extract was not carried out, the same procedure as in treatment 1 was followed. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
2) sowing the 1 st crop of leaf lettuce on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the color pepper is fixedly planted;
3) after the 1 st-crop leaf lettuce is sowed, the grooves are irrigated with water in a flood mode, the irrigation quantity is preferably 2 convex belts which just do not flood the two sides, and the water is irrigated for 2 times continuously every 5 days for 1 time;
4) after the last irrigation in the step 3) naturally falls to the dry, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the color peppers are planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 40cm, 47.5g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then the color pepper seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes;
6) pulling out the 1 st leaf of leaf lettuce with roots 25-30 days after the fixed planting of the color peppers, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce;
7) after the 1 st leaf lettuce is removed, the 2 nd leaf lettuce is planted on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a row;
8) after the color pepper is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd crop of leaf lettuce with root, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce.
And (4) treatment 5: the color pepper is planted by the conventional method, no measures for preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes are adopted, and the planting density of the color pepper is the same as that of the treatment 1.
And (3) test results:
the control effect of the treatment 1 is 91.7 percent.
The control effect of the treatment 2 is 62.4 percent.
The control effect of the treatment 3 is 63.1 percent.
The control effect of the treatment 4 is 61.8 percent.
And 5, treating 5, reducing yield in a large area, and stopping producing a part of plants.
The above results were analyzed by variance, and the differences between treatment 1 and treatment 2, treatment 3, and treatment 4 were all at a very significant level, and the differences between treatment 2, treatment 3, and treatment 4 were all insignificant.
After harvest, the yield was counted, and treatment 1 was 17.0%, 16.4% and 16.7% higher than treatment 2, treatment 3 and treatment 4, respectively.
The test result shows that: the combination of the technical measures of flood irrigation in the grooves, mixed application of diluents of carbonized rice husks and leek extracting solutions in the planting holes and root irrigation is an organic whole based on the intercropping mode of main planted crops and biological trapping plants, and ideal control effect cannot be realized by any one of the main planted crops and the biological trapping plants.
Examples 3And in a certain day light greenhouse in shouguang city, planting color peppers in 1 month and 8 days in 2014, wherein the color pepper variety is Citrus Xiya, and carrying out vine hanging cultivation. Setting 5 treatments, repeating for 3 times, and arranging by random block, wherein the cell area is 120m2The other management measures are exactly the same except for the required measures. The root knot nematode disease of the sunlight greenhouse selected by the field test is serious, the crop planted in the previous crop is the cucumber, and the yield is reduced by more than 30%.
Treatment 1: the method for cultivating the color peppers has the following specific technical scheme:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
2) sowing the 1 st spinach on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the color peppers are planted;
3) after the spinach of the 1 st crop is sown, the grooves are irrigated with water in a flood mode, the irrigation quantity is preferably 2 convex belts which just do not flood the two sides, and the water is irrigated for 2 times continuously every 5 days for 1 time;
4) after the last irrigation in the step 3) naturally falls to the dry, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the color peppers are planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 40cm, 47.5g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then the color pepper seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the color peppers is finished, diluting liquid of leek extracting solution is selected for root irrigation, and the diluting liquid amount of each color pepper irrigation is 100-;
7) pulling out the spinach of the 1 st crop with roots 25-30 days after the color peppers are fixedly planted, and intensively destroying the spinach;
8) after the spinach of the 1 st crop is pulled out, the spinach of the 2 nd crop is planted on the convex belts at the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a stubble and drill mode;
9) after the spinach of the 2 nd crop is sown, root irrigation is carried out on the color peppers for the 2 nd time by using a diluent of a leek extracting solution, wherein the diluent amount of each plant is 150-;
10) after the color peppers are harvested, pulling out the 2 nd spinach stubble with roots, and intensively destroying the spinach with roots.
The dilution of leek extract was prepared as in treatment 1 of example 1.
And (3) treatment 2: the color pepper is cultivated according to the following method, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
2) the color peppers are irrigated in the grooves before fixed planting in a flood mode, the irrigation quantity is preferably 2 convex belts which just do not cross the two sides, and the irrigation is continuously irrigated for 2 times every 5 days and 1 time;
3) after the last irrigation in the step 3) naturally falls to the dry, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the color peppers are planted;
4) and (3) forming fixed planting holes on the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 40cm, and planting the color pepper seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart in the fixed planting holes.
And (3) treatment: the color pepper is cultivated according to the following method, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm; a drip irrigation tape is arranged in the groove and is used for watering the color peppers after field planting;
2) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 40cm, and 3-leaf and 1-heart color pepper seedlings are planted in the planting holes;
3) after the field planting of the color peppers is finished, diluting liquid of leek extracting solution is selected for root irrigation, and the diluting liquid amount of each color pepper irrigation is 100-;
4) and (3) irrigating roots of the color peppers for the 2 nd time by using diluent of leek extract 25-30 days after field planting of the color peppers, wherein the diluent amount of each plant is 150-200 g.
The preparation of the diluent of the leek extract is the same as that in the treatment 1.
And (4) treatment: the color pepper is cultivated according to the following method, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm; a drip irrigation tape is arranged in the groove and is used for watering the color peppers after field planting;
2) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 40cm, 47.5g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then the color pepper seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes.
And (4) treatment 5: the color pepper is planted by the conventional method, no measures for preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes are adopted, and the planting density of the color pepper is the same as that of the treatment 1.
And (3) test results:
the control effect of the treatment 1 is 92.2 percent.
And 2, large-area yield reduction is carried out, and partial plants are dead.
And 3, large-area yield reduction is carried out, and partial plants are dead.
And 4, large-area yield reduction is carried out, and partial plants are dead.
And 5, treating 5, reducing yield in a large area, and stopping producing a part of plants.
The field performances of the treatment 2, the treatment 3, the treatment 4 and the treatment 5 are consistent, and the loss difference caused by the root-knot nematodes among the treatments is not obvious. The difference in control effect between treatment 1 and treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 was of a very significant level.
The test result shows that: based on the technical measures of flood irrigation in the grooves, mixed application of diluents of carbonized rice hulls and leek extracting solutions in planting holes and root irrigation and the like under the mode of intercropping of main crops and biological trapping plants, the effects of completely not using chemical pesticides, effectively preventing and treating root-knot nematodes of the color peppers and improving the yield of the main crops of the color peppers can be realized; and the flooding irrigation is carried out in a single groove, the root irrigation is carried out by a single diluent of leek extract, and the mixed application of the carbonized rice hulls in a single planting hole has no control effect on the cayenne pepper root-knot nematodes.
The above is an example of the best mode of the invention, wherein the parts which are not described in detail are the common knowledge of the ordinary skilled person in the art, for example, the seeding density of the induced plant is the same as that of the conventional cultivation, and the seed spacing is 3-4 cm. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and any equivalent modifications based on the technical teaching of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A biological trapping control method for cayenne pepper root-knot nematodes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
2) sowing the 1 st crop trapping plants on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridges 15-20 days before the color peppers are planted;
3) after the 1 st crop trapping plants are sown, the grooves are filled with water in a flood mode, the water is filled with water for 2 times continuously at intervals of 5 days for 1 time, and the water is filled in the grooves for 2 times if the water does not just flow over 2 convex belts on the two sides;
4) after the last irrigation in the step 3) naturally falls to the dry, a drip irrigation tape can be arranged in the groove for watering after the color peppers are planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 40cm, 47.5g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then color pepper seedlings are planted in the planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the color peppers is finished, selecting a diluent of leek extract to irrigate roots, wherein the irrigation liquid of each color pepper is 100-;
7) pulling out the 1 st crop trapping plant with roots 25-30 days after the field planting of the color peppers, and intensively destroying the plants;
8) after the 1 st crop trapping plants are pulled out, the 2 nd crop trapping plants are sowed on the projecting belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridges in a stubble-connecting and drilling mode;
9) after the 2 nd crop trapping plant is sown, root irrigation is carried out on the color pepper for the 2 nd time by using a diluent of a leek extracting solution, wherein the irrigation liquid of each crop is 150-;
10) after the harvesting of the color peppers is finished, pulling out the 2 nd crop trapping plants with roots, and intensively destroying the 2 nd crop trapping plants.
2. The method for biological trapping, controlling and preventing root-knot nematodes with color peppers according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the trapping plant is one of pakchoi, leaf lettuce and spinach;
the method for biological trapping, controlling and preventing root-knot nematodes with color peppers according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the color pepper seedlings in the step 5) are 3-leaf 1-heart seedlings.
3. The method for biological trapping, controlling and preventing root-knot nematodes with color peppers according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diluent of the leek extracting solution in the step 6) and the step 9) is prepared by the following steps:
(1) selecting leek plants in flowering and seed setting stages, adding the leek plants into a grinder, and juicing;
(2) filtering the solid-liquid mixture squeezed in the step (1), and filtering out residues to obtain filtrate;
(3) mixing the filtrate obtained in the step (2) with water according to a weight ratio of 1: 100-120 mixing.
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