CN102860210A - Method of growing seedlings of taxus mairei - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of taxus mairei, and in particular relates to a method of growing seedlings of taxus mairei. The method comprises the steps of: harvesting and storing seeds, selecting and treating a garden, sowing, exposing grass and shading, managing seedling, carrying out pest control, outplanting and grading nursery stock. According to the method of growing seedlings of taxus mairei provided by the invention, by adopting seeds subjected to sand storage, humidification and natural temperature stratification, the integrated germination rate is more than 95%. Through reasonably designing a process for exposing grass and shading, managing seedling, and carrying out pest control, the cost for growing the seedlings of the taxus mairei is reduced, and the integrated survival rate is increased.

Description

The southern enqlish yew seedling-cultivating method

Technical field

The invention belongs to southern enqlish yew and cultivate technical field, be specifically related to a kind of southern enqlish yew seedling-cultivating method.

Background technology

At present, about the cultivation of southern enqlish yew, mainly there is following defective:

1, Taxus chinensis var. mairei Seeds is typical form-physiological dormancy seed, morphological maturity seed without specially treated, needing to urge tooth to process through the lamination in (one summer of two winters) more than a year can breaking dormancy, and its whole germination rate is lower (about 50～60%) generally.

2, the southern enqlish yew seedling is very easily susceptible, if it is excessively slow to take cool canopy, rhizome section day burns the jaundice browning and gets damping off, excessive rainfall, impeded drainage, the maize ear rot of easily taking root.

3, southern enqlish yew is given birth to slowly seedling stage, resistance a little less than, thereby put up shading shed in time, and regularly spray under the prerequisite of medicine diseases prevention, also need remove at any time ground, garden weeds, especially high temperature season, ground, garden is because cool canopy blocks, and shady and cool moist, weed growth speed is very fast, need in time to remove, prevent that weeds and nursery stock from striving water, striving fertilizer.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is intended to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, and all higher southern enqlish yew seedling-cultivating method of a kind of germination rate and survival rate are provided.

The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:

The southern enqlish yew seedling-cultivating method is characterized in that, comprises the steps:

Selection and the processing on seed collection and storage, garden ground, sow, take off that grass shades, seedling management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, outplanting and seedling sorting.

Southern enqlish yew seedling-cultivating method of the present invention has following advantage:

1, with the husky seed of hiding the processing of moisturizing natural temperature lamination, whole germination rate is reached more than 95%.

2, by appropriate design take off that grass shades, seedling management and extermination of disease and insect pest technique, both reduced the seedling cost of southern enqlish yew, whole survival rate is got a promotion.

Embodiment

The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.

1., seed collection and storage

A, seed collecting elite stand are selected

Select the good elite stand in well-grown adult standing forest to gather.

B, seed collection

In annual October～November, when being peony, the arillus of seed gathers.

C, collecting method

Adopt nature to come off to gather or climb the tree to beat with bamboo pole and gather.

D, seed treatment

The seed of gathering is through piling rotten 2～3 days, and exosper is cleaned, and cleans as cleaning red meat arillus with clear water first, washes by rubbing with the hands 3～4 times with ash and fine sand again.

E, seed storage

Adopt wet sand bed repertory to hide, select clean, free of contamination fresh river sand, and accompany a small amount of carbendazim broad spectrum activity antibacterial agent, husky water content is controlled at about 8%.

Locate husky the Tibetan 1 year at the concrete floor in basement or indoor cool place etc., 1: 3 volume ratio of seed and moistening river sand is mixed stacking, and the thick wet river sand of surperficial front cover layer 2～3cm covers upper straw, gunnysack or cotton material again, the husky stack height of hiding is no more than 40cm, and keeps the moistening of sand.

2., selection and the processing on ground, garden

Selection was planted paddy field more than 1 year as garden ground, take to the garden three ploughs, three rakes after, arrangement is done bed, the wide 1.0～1.1m in seedbed, high 18～20cm, furrow width 35cm, east-west, place mat 3～5cm yellow soil on bed surface prior to seeding.

Do to use sufficient fertilizer, every 666.7m before the bed ²Execute the fertilizer that 800～1000kg processes through Harmless, other executes N.P.K composite fertilizer 100kg, and the chlorophos 0.5～1kg that kills soil insect.

3., sowing

Sowing time, seeding method was taked drilling at early March, seeding belt spacing 10cm, 20 seeds of every drilling, every 666.7m ²Broadcast 3～4kg seed, ditch depth 2cm, seed sow the root fungus soil that rear yellow soil with burning soil or sieving covered and mixed Chinese yew sylvan life or ground, garden, and thickness of earth covering 0.8～1.0cm, the above cover careless moisturizing.

Need running check during seed sprouting, when finding to have the seedling that is difficult to be unearthed, be with the soil around the loosening cotyledon of little scoop, the help cotyledon is shaken off soil.

4., taking off grass shades

Can take off grass when nursery stock is unearthed rate 20～30%, should divides and carry out for 2 times～3 times, at candlelight minute carries out.

Before seed is unearthed, put up first frame, and temporary transient coverage shading net not, when nursery stock all sprouts, and just need the coverage shading net noon when temperature is near 30 ℃.

The stake of shading shed station should be evenly firm, and the canopy height is not less than 1.7m, and obscurity is controlled at 60～70%; Noon in autumn, temperature need be opened shading screen below 32 ℃.

5., seedling management

When the nursery stock cotyledon opens, when true leaf occurs, should in time rationally topdress, generally to execute concentration be 0.3% for nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer water, watered in per 15 days to execute 1 time, should in time water during soil drought, prevents ground, garden ponding during rainy season.

Nursery stock is unearthed and takes off the rear intertill and clean tillage of grass, and intertill and clean tillage is shallow, and little grass needs to remove with hand-lifting near the shoot root, does not hinder shoot root.

6., the extermination of disease and insect pest

A, damping off

Nursery stock be unearthed and take off grass after should in time spray 0.5: 0.5: 100 bordeaux mixture, in case the generation of nursery stock damping off; Central point in the nursery stock morbidity during morbidity spreads fertilizer over the fields lime, and sprays 500～800 times of liquid of 70% tpn, sprays continuous 3 times 1 time in per 10 days.

B, physiological are withered

In time shade and irrigate, prevent that the physiological that Yin Gaowen, strong sunshine, arid cause is withered.

C, mole cricket

Stir rice bran and become poison bait with 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 10 times of liquid of 90% trichlorphon, kill in being placed on the seedbed at dusk.

D, slug

The larva Period of reproductive peak by the end of April to by the end of May, fine at dusk every 666.7m ²Dispenser snail jinx 0.5kg, and 10 days the 2nd time dispenser in interval can effectively kill the slug larva.

7., outplanting

The lifting time decides according to Afforestation Time, should accomplish with planting with rising.

The lifting standard is the biennial nursery stock with native ball, and native gauge ball lattice are diameter 10～15cm, the column of high 15cm.

8., seedling sorting

Will select seedling at the leeward shade place of covering immediately behind the lifting, rejecting has the unsound nursery stock of damage by disease and insect, mechanical damage and growth, then presses height of seedling and ground radial sector; The nursery stock of application in planting life in 2 years can be divided into two-stage.

It is perfectly straight that the above nursery stock of II level requires well developed root system, seedling to do, and color and luster is normal, terminal bud is grown full.

Specifically be classified as:

I level seedling: more than the height of seedling 40cm, more than the leading thread 0.35cm, the one-level lateral root number of＞5cm length is more than 15.

II level seedling: height of seedling 25cm～40cm, leading thread 0.25～0.35cm, the one-level lateral root number of＞5cm length is more than 10.

Above content only is that the present invention is conceived example and explanation; under those skilled in the art described specific embodiment is made various modifications or replenish or adopt similar mode to substitute; only otherwise depart from the design of invention or do not surmount this scope as defined in the claims, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. the southern enqlish yew seedling-cultivating method is characterized in that, comprises the steps:

1., seed collection and storage

A, seed collecting elite stand are selected

Select the good elite stand in well-grown adult standing forest to gather;

B, seed collection

In annual October～November, when being peony, the arillus of seed gathers;

C, collecting method

Adopt nature to come off to gather or climb the tree to beat with bamboo pole and gather;

D, seed treatment

The seed of gathering is through piling rotten 2～3 days, and exosper is cleaned, and cleans as cleaning red meat arillus with clear water first, washes by rubbing with the hands 3～4 times with ash and fine sand again;

E, seed storage

Adopt wet sand bed repertory to hide, select clean, free of contamination fresh river sand, and accompany a small amount of carbendazim broad spectrum activity antibacterial agent, husky water content is controlled at about 8%;

Locate husky the Tibetan 1 year at the concrete floor in basement or indoor cool place etc., 1: 3 volume ratio of seed and moistening river sand is mixed stacking, and the thick wet river sand of surperficial front cover layer 2～3cm covers upper straw, gunnysack or cotton material again, the husky stack height of hiding is no more than 40cm, and keeps the moistening of sand;

2., selection and the processing on ground, garden

Selection was planted paddy field more than 1 year as garden ground, take to the garden three ploughs, three rakes after, arrangement is done bed, the wide 1.0～1.1m in seedbed, high 18～20cm, furrow width 35cm, east-west, place mat 3～5cm yellow soil on bed surface prior to seeding;

Do to use sufficient fertilizer, every 666.7m before the bed ²Execute the fertilizer that 800～1000kg processes through Harmless, other executes N.P.K composite fertilizer 100kg, and the chlorophos 0.5～1kg that kills soil insect;

3., sowing

Sowing time, seeding method was taked drilling at early March, seeding belt spacing 10cm, 20 seeds of every drilling, every 666.7m ²Broadcast 3～4kg seed, ditch depth 2cm, seed sow the root fungus soil that rear yellow soil with burning soil or sieving covered and mixed Chinese yew sylvan life or ground, garden, and thickness of earth covering 0.8～1.0cm, the above cover careless moisturizing;

Need running check during seed sprouting, when finding to have the seedling that is difficult to be unearthed, be with the soil around the loosening cotyledon of little scoop, the help cotyledon is shaken off soil;

4., taking off grass shades

Can take off grass when nursery stock is unearthed rate 20～30%, should divides and carry out for 2 times～3 times, at candlelight minute carries out;

Before seed is unearthed, put up first frame, and temporary transient coverage shading net not, when nursery stock all sprouts, and just need the coverage shading net noon when temperature is near 30 ℃;

The stake of shading shed station should be evenly firm, and the canopy height is not less than 1.7m, and obscurity is controlled at 60～70%; Noon in autumn, temperature need be opened shading screen below 32 ℃;

5., seedling management

When the nursery stock cotyledon opens, when true leaf occurs, should in time rationally topdress, generally to execute concentration be 0.3% for nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer water, watered in per 15 days to execute 1 time, should in time water during soil drought, prevents ground, garden ponding during rainy season;

Nursery stock is unearthed and takes off the rear intertill and clean tillage of grass, and intertill and clean tillage is shallow, and little grass needs to remove with hand-lifting near the shoot root, does not hinder shoot root;

6., the extermination of disease and insect pest

A, damping off

Nursery stock be unearthed and take off grass after should in time spray 0.5: 0.5: 100 bordeaux mixture, in case the generation of nursery stock damping off; Central point in the nursery stock morbidity during morbidity spreads fertilizer over the fields lime, and sprays 500～800 times of liquid of 70% tpn, sprays continuous 3 times 1 time in per 10 days;

B, physiological are withered

In time shade and irrigate, prevent that the physiological that Yin Gaowen, strong sunshine, arid cause is withered;

C, mole cricket

Stir rice bran and become poison bait with 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 10 times of liquid of 90% trichlorphon, kill in being placed on the seedbed at dusk;

D, slug

The larva Period of reproductive peak by the end of April to by the end of May, fine at dusk every 666.7m ²Dispenser snail jinx 0.5kg, and 10 days the 2nd time dispenser in interval can effectively kill the slug larva;

7., outplanting

The lifting time decides according to Afforestation Time, should accomplish with planting with rising;

The lifting standard is the biennial nursery stock with native ball, and native gauge ball lattice are diameter 10～15cm, the column of high 15cm;

8., seedling sorting

Will select seedling at the leeward shade place of covering immediately behind the lifting, rejecting has the unsound nursery stock of damage by disease and insect, mechanical damage and growth, then presses height of seedling and ground radial sector; The nursery stock of application in planting life in 2 years can be divided into two-stage;

It is perfectly straight that the above nursery stock of II level requires well developed root system, seedling to do, and color and luster is normal, terminal bud is grown full;

Specifically be classified as:

I level seedling: more than the height of seedling 40cm, more than the leading thread 0.35cm, the one-level lateral root number of＞5cm length is more than 15;

II level seedling: height of seedling 25cm～40cm, leading thread 0.25～0.35cm, the one-level lateral root number of＞5cm length is more than 10.