CN105960998A - Biological trapping controlling and preventing method for cucumber root-knot nematode - Google Patents
Biological trapping controlling and preventing method for cucumber root-knot nematode Download PDFInfo
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- 244000299906 Cucumis sativus var. sativus Species 0.000 title 1
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 53
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- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
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- 239000005935 Sulfuryl fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N avermectin B1a Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAYICIQNSGETAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dazomet Chemical compound CN1CSC(=S)N(C)C1 QAYICIQNSGETAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 dichloroisopropyl Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a biological trapping controlling and preventing method for cucumber root-knot nematode. By reasonably arranging a planting model, intercropping of main cultivated crops and biological trapping plants is achieved; the planting model is organically combined with a plurality of technical measures, chemical pesticide is not used completely, the cucumber root-knot nematode can be effectively prevented and treated, the yield of cucumbers can be increased, and the method conforms to the green and low carbon idea. By means of the method, the preventing and treating effect on the cucumber root-knot nematode reaches 88.5%-91.2%; compared with a traditional preventing and treating method, the yield of the cucumbers cultivated through the method is increased by 16.5%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for controlling cucumber root-knot nematodes based on biological trapping, belongs to the technical field of green control of vegetable root-knot nematodes, and is suitable for vine hanging cultivation of cucumbers in a sunlight greenhouse.
Background
Root-knot nematode damage is one of the main damages in the production process of cucumber crops, and can cause the yield reduction of cucumbers by more than 30 percent, even no harvest. In recent years, the planting area of vegetables in protected areas such as solar greenhouses and the like in China is continuously enlarged, the temperature and the humidity of the solar greenhouses are proper, and the root-knot nematodes are aggravated year by year due to continuous cropping all year round. The control methods used are, in principle, the application of chemical pesticides, for example: fosthiazate, phoxim, dazomet, dichloroisopropyl riddle, metham, sulfuryl fluoride and the like, but a large amount of chemical agents are used for preventing and treating, so that a large amount of medicine residues in the bodies of crops and soil can be caused, the health of eaters and the health of offspring and offspring can be damaged, and the preventing and treating effect is not good.
Under the great situation that concepts such as environmental protection, green and low carbon are deepened into people, biological prevention and control means such as biological trapping are more and more emphasized in recent years, especially after various chemical pesticides are limited or forbidden. However, the conventional method for planting trap crops is usually in an upper and lower stubble cultivation mode, the recurrence rate of root-knot nematodes is high, and the ideal control effect can be achieved only by auxiliary application of chemical drugs for control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a cucumber root-knot nematode biological trapping control method, which realizes intercropping of main crops and biological trapping plants under the conditions of not reducing the planting density of the main crops and not influencing the development of the main crops by reasonably setting a planting mode, is organically combined with a plurality of technical measures, does not use chemical pesticides at all, can effectively prevent and control the cucumber root-knot nematodes, has low energy consumption and conforms to the green and low-carbon concepts.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a cucumber root-knot nematode biological trapping control method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 50cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 10cm, and the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 70 cm;
in the experiment, it was found that: the double concave cultivation ridges are arranged, so that on one hand, a good environment is created for the interaction symbiosis of the main cultivated crops and the plant for trapping the root-knot nematodes, the planting density of the main cultivated crops is not reduced, and the normal growth and development of the main cultivated crops are not influenced; on the other hand, the main cultivated plants and the root systems of the plant for trapping the root-knot nematodes are separated in space, and the cross distribution of the root systems of the main cultivated plants and the plant for trapping the root-knot nematodes is reduced as much as possible;
2) sowing the 1 st crop trapping plants on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridges 15-20 days before the cucumber field planting;
3) after the 1 st crop trapping plants are sown, the grooves are filled with water in a flood mode, the water is filled with water for 2 times continuously at intervals of 5 days for 1 time, and the water is filled in the grooves for 2 times if the water does not just flow over 2 convex belts on the two sides;
it was also found in the experiments that: by flood irrigation in the grooves, the air permeability of the soil at different parts of the cultivation ridges is changed in a short time, so that the air permeability of the protruding areas on the two sides of the cultivation ridges is better than that of the protruding areas in the middle, and the movement of the root-knot nematodes in the protruding areas in the middle of the cultivation ridges to the protruding areas on the two sides is accelerated;
4) after the water is naturally poured for the last time in the step 3) and is naturally dried, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the cucumber is fixedly planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 30cm, 40g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then cucumber seedlings are planted in the planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the cucumbers is finished, diluting liquid of leek extracting solution is selected for root irrigation, and the diluting liquid amount of each cucumber irrigation is 100-;
it was also found in the experiments that: the diluent of the leek extract contains volatile substances, has an effect of avoiding root-knot nematodes and keeps the root-knot nematodes away from the root system of the tomato; carbonized rice hulls are mixed in the planting holes and adsorb partial volatile substances in the diluent of the leek extract, and then the volatile substances are slowly released to prolong the avoidance time of the root-knot nematodes;
7) pulling out the 1 st crop trapping plants with roots 25-30 days after the cucumber field planting, and intensively destroying the plants;
8) after the 1 st crop trapping plants are pulled out, the 2 nd crop trapping plants are sowed on the projecting belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridges in a stubble-connecting and drilling mode;
9) after the 2 nd crop trapping plant is sown, root irrigation is carried out on the cucumber for the 2 nd time by using a diluent of a leek extracting solution, wherein the diluent amount of each plant is 150-;
10) after the cucumber is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd crop trapping plant with roots, and intensively destroying the 2 nd crop trapping plant.
An optimized scheme is that the trapping plant is one of pakchoi, leaf lettuce and spinach; wherein,
said pakchoi [ Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino (var. communis Tsen et Lee) ], Brassica plant of Brassicaceae;
said leaf lettuce (Lactutica var longifoaf. Lam) belongs to the genus Lactuca of Compositae;
the spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), Chenopodiaceae, spinach, and annual herbaceous plant.
In another optimization scheme, the cucumber seedlings in the step 5) are 3-leaf 1-heart seedlings.
In another optimized scheme, the diluent of the leek extract in the step 6) and the step 9) is prepared by the following steps:
(1) selecting leek plants in flowering and seed setting stages, adding the leek plants into a grinder, and juicing;
(2) filtering the solid-liquid mixture squeezed in the step (1), and filtering out residues to obtain filtrate;
(3) mixing the filtrate obtained in the step (2) with water according to a weight ratio of 1: 100-120, and preparing the diluent of the leek extracting solution.
Wherein the leek (Allium porrum), Allium genus of Liliaceae family is a perennial herb.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following advantages that:
(1) the method disclosed by the invention is based on organic combination of biological trapping and multiple technical measures by innovating the cultivation ridge shape and the intercropping and interplanting mode, completely does not use chemical pesticides, is low in energy consumption and accords with the low-carbon concept.
(2) The invention does not produce chemical drug residue in actual use, and the product is green and safe.
(3) The invention has wide application area, simple operation, low use cost and obvious comprehensive benefit, and does not need complicated fumigation measures.
(4) The invention has good effect of preventing and controlling root-knot nematode and high yield. According to tests, the prevention and control effect of the invention on cucumber root-knot nematodes reaches 88.5% -91.2%, and the cucumber yield is increased by 16.5% -17.4% compared with the traditional prevention and control method.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples 1And planting cucumbers in a certain day light greenhouse in shouguang city in 2 months and 5 days in 2014, wherein the cucumber is Xinjin No. 11, and carrying out vine hanging cultivation. Setting 4 treatments, repeating for 3 times, and arranging by random block, wherein the cell area is 120m2The other management measures are exactly the same except for the required measures. The root knot nematode disease of the sunlight greenhouse selected by the field test is serious, the crop planted in the previous crop is the cucumber, and the yield is reduced by more than 30%.
Treatment 1: the cucumber is cultivated according to the method of the invention, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 50cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 10cm, and the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 70 cm;
2) sowing the 1 st-crop pakchoi on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the cucumber field planting;
3) after the 1 st-crop of pakchoi is sowed, the grooves are filled with water in a flood mode, the water is filled properly in the form that the water does not just flow over 2 convex belts on the two sides, and the water is filled continuously for 2 times every 5 days for 1 time;
4) after the water is naturally poured for the last time in the step 3) and is naturally dried, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the cucumber is fixedly planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 30cm, 40g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then cucumber seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the cucumbers is finished, diluting liquid of leek extracting solution is selected for root irrigation, and the diluting liquid amount of each cucumber irrigation is 100-;
7) pulling out the 1 st-crop pakchoi with roots 25-30 days after the cucumber field planting, and intensively destroying;
8) after the 1 st-crop pakchoi is pulled out, the 2 nd-crop pakchoi is planted on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a row;
9) after the 2 nd-crop pakchoi is sowed, root irrigation is carried out on the cucumber for the 2 nd time by using a diluent of a leek extracting solution, wherein the diluent amount of each plant is 150-;
10) after the cucumber is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd-crop pakchoi with roots, and intensively destroying the pakchoi with roots.
The diluent of the leek extracting solution is prepared by the following steps: selecting leek plants in flowering and seed setting stages, adding the leek plants into a grinder, and juicing; filtering the solid-liquid mixture after juicing, and filtering out residues to obtain filtrate; mixing the filtrate and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 100-120 mixing.
And (3) treatment 2: cucumber is cultivated according to the following method, root-knot nematode is controlled by adopting a conventional method for planting trap crops, and if necessary, the root is irrigated by abamectin. The specific technical scheme is as follows: before planting cucumber, a crop of pakchoi is planted, the pakchoi is pulled out, then the cucumber is planted, and if the root-knot nematode damage is found in the growth process of the cucumber, 2000 times of water solution of 2% abamectin is adopted for root irrigation. The planting density of the cucumbers is the same as that of the cucumber planting density of the treatment 1.
And (3) treatment: cucumber is cultivated by conventional chemical method for preventing and treating root-knot nematode. The specific technical scheme is as follows: applying 10% fosthiazate granules 667m in a mixed manner in a planting hole when transplanting cucumbers2The dosage is 2.5kg, and the root is irrigated for 2 times by 2000 times of water solution of 2 percent avermectin missible oil in the growth period. The planting density of the cucumbers is the same as that of the cucumber planting density of the treatment 1.
And (4) treatment: the cucumber is planted by the conventional method, any measures for preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes are not adopted, and the planting density of the cucumber is the same as that of the cucumber planting density of the treatment 1.
And (3) test results:
the control effect of the treatment 1 is 91.2 percent, and the root-knot nematodes in the whole stubble are well prevented and controlled.
The control effect of the treatment 2 is 66.7 percent, the recurrence rate of the root-knot nematodes is high, and the control is carried out by multiple pesticide application.
The control effect of the treatment 3 is 65.9 percent.
And 4, large-area yield reduction is carried out, and partial plants are dead.
The above results were analyzed by anova, and the differences between treatment 1 and treatment 2 and treatment 3, respectively, were at a very significant level, and the differences between treatment 2 and treatment 3 were not significant.
And (4) counting the yield after harvesting, wherein the yield is improved by 17.4 percent and 16.5 percent respectively in the treatment 1 compared with the treatment 2 and the treatment 3.
The test result shows that: the prevention and control effect on the root-knot nematode is far better than that of the conventional method for planting trap crops and the conventional chemical method, and the method is environment-friendly and has no chemical drug residue.
Examples 2And planting cucumbers in a certain day light greenhouse in shouguang city in 2 months and 5 days in 2014, wherein the cucumber is Xinjin No. 11, and carrying out vine hanging cultivation. Setting 5 treatments, repeating for 3 times, and arranging by random block, wherein the cell area is 120m2The other management measures are exactly the same except for the required measures. The root knot nematode disease of the sunlight greenhouse selected by the field test is serious, the crop planted in the previous crop is the cucumber, and the yield is reduced by more than 30%.
Treatment 1: the cucumber is cultivated according to the method of the invention, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 50cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 10cm, and the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 70 cm;
2) sowing the 1 st batch of leaf lettuce on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the cucumber field planting;
3) after the 1 st-crop leaf lettuce is sowed, the grooves are irrigated with water in a flood mode, the irrigation quantity is preferably 2 convex belts which just do not flood the two sides, and the water is irrigated for 2 times continuously every 5 days for 1 time;
4) after the water is naturally poured for the last time in the step 3) and is naturally dried, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the cucumber is fixedly planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 30cm, 40g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then cucumber seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the cucumbers is finished, diluting liquid of leek extracting solution is selected for root irrigation, and the diluting liquid amount of each cucumber irrigation is 100-;
7) pulling out the 1 st leaf of leaf lettuce with roots 25-30 days after the cucumber field planting, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce;
8) after the 1 st leaf lettuce is removed, the 2 nd leaf lettuce is planted on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a row;
9) after the 2 nd crop of leaf lettuce is sown, root irrigation is carried out on the cucumber for the 2 nd time by using diluent of leek extracting solution, and the diluent amount of each crop irrigation is 150-;
10) after the cucumber is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd crop of leaf lettuce with roots, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce.
The dilution of leek extract was prepared as in treatment 1 of example 1.
And (3) treatment 2: the cucumber was cultivated as follows, except that the grooves were not flooded with water, the procedure was identical to that of treatment 1. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 50cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 10cm, and the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 70 cm;
2) sowing the 1 st batch of leaf lettuce on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the cucumber field planting;
3) after the 1 st-crop leaf lettuce is sowed, the grooves are not irrigated with water in a flood mode; a drip irrigation tape is arranged in the groove and is used for watering the cucumber after field planting;
4) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 30cm, 40g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then cucumber seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes;
5) after the field planting of the cucumbers is finished, diluting liquid of leek extracting solution is selected for root irrigation, and the irrigation amount of each cucumber is 100-;
6) pulling out the 1 st leaf of leaf lettuce with roots 25-30 days after the cucumber field planting, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce;
7) after the 1 st leaf lettuce is removed, the 2 nd leaf lettuce is planted on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a row;
8) after the 2 nd crop of leaf lettuce is sown, root irrigation is carried out on the cucumber for the 2 nd time by using diluent of leek extracting solution, and the irrigation amount of each crop is 150-;
9) after the cucumber is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd crop of leaf lettuce with roots, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce.
The preparation of the diluent of the leek extract is the same as that in the treatment 1.
And (3) treatment: the cucumber was cultivated as follows, except that no carbonized rice hulls were applied in the planting holes, and the procedure was the same as in treatment 1. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 50cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 10cm, and the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 70 cm;
2) sowing the 1 st batch of leaf lettuce on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the cucumber field planting;
3) after the 1 st-crop leaf lettuce is sowed, the grooves are irrigated with water in a flood mode, the irrigation quantity is preferably 2 convex belts which just do not flood the two sides, and the water is irrigated for 2 times continuously every 5 days for 1 time;
4) after the water is naturally poured for the last time in the step 3) and is naturally dried, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the cucumber is fixedly planted;
5) opening planting holes on the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 30cm, and planting 3-leaf 1-heart cucumber seedlings in the planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the cucumbers is finished, diluting liquid of leek extracting solution is selected for root irrigation, and the irrigation amount of each cucumber is 100-;
7) pulling out the 1 st leaf of leaf lettuce with roots 25-30 days after the cucumber field planting, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce;
8) after the 1 st leaf lettuce is removed, the 2 nd leaf lettuce is planted on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a row;
9) after the 2 nd crop of leaf lettuce is sown, root irrigation is carried out on the cucumber for the 2 nd time by using diluent of leek extracting solution, and the irrigation amount of each crop is 150-;
10) after the cucumber is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd crop of leaf lettuce with roots, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce.
The preparation of the diluent of the leek extract is the same as that in the treatment 1.
And (4) treatment: the cucumber was cultivated as follows, except that the root irrigation with the diluted leek extract was not carried out, the procedure was the same as in 1. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 50cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 10cm, and the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 70 cm;
2) sowing the 1 st batch of leaf lettuce on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the cucumber field planting;
3) after the 1 st-crop leaf lettuce is sowed, the grooves are irrigated with water in a flood mode, the irrigation quantity is preferably 2 convex belts which just do not flood the two sides, and the water is irrigated for 2 times continuously every 5 days for 1 time;
4) after the water is naturally poured for the last time in the step 3) and is naturally dried, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the cucumber is fixedly planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 30cm, 40g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then cucumber seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes;
6) pulling out the 1 st leaf of leaf lettuce with roots 25-30 days after the cucumber field planting, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce;
7) after the 1 st leaf lettuce is removed, the 2 nd leaf lettuce is planted on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a row;
8) after the cucumber is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd crop of leaf lettuce with roots, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce.
And (4) treatment 5: the cucumber is planted by the conventional method, any measures for preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes are not adopted, and the planting density of the cucumber is the same as that of the cucumber planting density of the treatment 1.
And (3) test results:
the control effect of the treatment 1 is 88.9 percent.
The control effect of the treatment 2 is 62.7 percent.
The control effect of the treatment 3 is 63.1 percent.
The control effect of the treatment 4 is 60.8 percent.
And 5, treating 5, reducing yield in a large area, and stopping producing a part of plants.
The above results were analyzed by variance, and the differences between treatment 1 and treatment 2, treatment 3, and treatment 4 were all at a very significant level, and the differences between treatment 2, treatment 3, and treatment 4 were all insignificant.
After harvest, the yield was counted, and treatment 1 was 16.7%, 17.2% and 16.7% higher than treatment 2, treatment 3 and treatment 4, respectively.
The test result shows that: the combination of the technical measures of flood irrigation in the grooves, mixed application of diluents of carbonized rice husks and leek extracting solutions in the planting holes and root irrigation is an organic whole based on the intercropping mode of main planted crops and biological trapping plants, and ideal control effect cannot be realized by any one of the main planted crops and the biological trapping plants.
Examples 3And planting cucumbers in a certain day light greenhouse in shouguang city in 2 months and 5 days in 2014, wherein the cucumber is Xinjin No. 11, and carrying out vine hanging cultivation. Setting 5 treatments, repeating for 3 times, and arranging by random block, wherein the cell area is 120m2The other management measures are exactly the same except for the required measures. The root knot nematode disease of the sunlight greenhouse selected by the field test is serious, the crop planted in the previous crop is the cucumber, and the yield is reduced by more than 30%.
Treatment 1: the cucumber is cultivated according to the method of the invention, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 50cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 10cm, and the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 70 cm;
2) sowing the 1 st spinach on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the cucumber field planting;
3) after the spinach of the 1 st crop is sown, the grooves are irrigated with water in a flood mode, the irrigation quantity is preferably 2 convex belts which just do not flood the two sides, and the water is irrigated for 2 times continuously every 5 days for 1 time;
4) after the water is naturally poured for the last time in the step 3) and is naturally dried, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the cucumber is fixedly planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 30cm, 40g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then cucumber seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the cucumbers is finished, diluting liquid of leek extracting solution is selected for root irrigation, and the diluting liquid amount of each cucumber irrigation is 100-;
7) pulling out the 1 st spinach with roots 25-30 days after the cucumber field planting, and intensively destroying the spinach;
8) after the spinach of the 1 st crop is pulled out, the spinach of the 2 nd crop is planted on the convex belts at the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a stubble and drill mode;
9) after the spinach of the 2 nd time is sown, root irrigation is carried out on the cucumber for the 2 nd time by using a diluent of a leek extracting solution, wherein the diluent amount of each plant is 150-;
10) after the cucumber is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd spinach root, and intensively destroying the spinach root.
The dilution of leek extract was prepared as in treatment 1 of example 1.
And (3) treatment 2: the cucumber is cultivated according to the following method, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 50cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 10cm, and the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 70 cm;
2) before the cucumber is fixedly planted, water is irrigated in the grooves in a flood mode, the water irrigation quantity is preferably 2 protruding strips which just do not extend over the two sides, and the water is irrigated for 2 times continuously every 5 days and 1 time;
3) after the water is naturally poured for the last time in the step 3) and is naturally dried, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the cucumber is fixedly planted;
4) and (3) opening fixed planting holes on the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 30cm, and planting the cucumber seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart in the fixed planting holes.
And (3) treatment: the cucumber is cultivated according to the following method, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 50cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 10cm, and the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 70 cm; a drip irrigation tape is arranged in the groove and is used for watering the cucumber after field planting;
2) opening planting holes on the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 30cm, and planting 3-leaf 1-heart cucumber seedlings in the planting holes;
3) after the field planting of the cucumbers is finished, diluting liquid of leek extracting solution is selected for root irrigation, and the diluting liquid amount of each cucumber irrigation is 100-;
4) and (3) irrigating roots of the cucumbers for the 2 nd time by using a diluent of a leek extracting solution 25-30 days after field planting of the cucumbers, wherein the diluent amount of each plant is 150-200 g.
The preparation of the diluent of the leek extract is the same as that in the treatment 1.
And (4) treatment: the cucumber is cultivated according to the following method, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 50cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 10cm, and the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 70 cm; a drip irrigation tape is arranged in the groove and is used for watering the cucumber after field planting;
2) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 30cm, 40g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then cucumber seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes.
And (4) treatment 5: the cucumber is planted by the conventional method, any measures for preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes are not adopted, and the planting density of the cucumber is the same as that of the cucumber planting density of the treatment 1.
And (3) test results:
the control effect of the treatment 1 is 88.5 percent.
And 2, large-area yield reduction is carried out, and partial plants are dead.
And 3, large-area yield reduction is carried out, and partial plants are dead.
And 4, large-area yield reduction is carried out, and partial plants are dead.
And 5, treating 5, reducing yield in a large area, and stopping producing a part of plants.
The field performances of the treatment 2, the treatment 3, the treatment 4 and the treatment 5 are consistent, and the loss difference caused by the root-knot nematodes among the treatments is not obvious. The difference in control effect between treatment 1 and treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 was of a very significant level.
The test result shows that: based on the technical measures of flood irrigation in the grooves, mixed application of diluents of carbonized rice hulls and leek extracting solutions in planting holes and root irrigation and the like under the mode of intercropping of main crops and biological trapping plants, the effects of completely not using chemical pesticides, effectively preventing and treating root-knot nematodes of cucumbers and improving the yield of the main crops, namely cucumbers, can be realized; the flooding irrigation is carried out in a single groove, the root irrigation is carried out by a single diluent of leek extract, and the mixed application of the carbonized rice hulls in a single planting hole has no control effect on the cucumber root-knot nematode.
The above is an example of the best mode of the invention, wherein the parts which are not described in detail are the common knowledge of the ordinary skilled person in the art, for example, the seeding density of the induced plant is the same as that of the conventional cultivation, and the seed spacing is 3-4 cm. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and any equivalent modifications based on the technical teaching of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A cucumber root-knot nematode biological trapping control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 50cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 10cm, and the distance between every two adjacent cultivation ridges is 70 cm;
2) sowing the 1 st crop trapping plants on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridges 15-20 days before the cucumber field planting;
3) after the 1 st crop trapping plants are sown, the grooves are filled with water in a flood mode, the water is filled with water for 2 times continuously at intervals of 5 days for 1 time, and the water is filled in the grooves for 2 times if the water does not just flow over 2 convex belts on the two sides;
4) after the last irrigation in the step 3) naturally falls to the dry, a drip irrigation tape can be arranged in the groove for watering after the cucumber is planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 30cm, 40g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then cucumber seedlings are planted in the planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the cucumbers is finished, diluting liquid of leek extracting solution is selected for root irrigation, and the irrigation liquid of each cucumber is 100-;
7) pulling out the 1 st crop trapping plants with roots 25-30 days after the cucumber field planting, and intensively destroying the plants;
8) after the 1 st crop trapping plants are pulled out, the 2 nd crop trapping plants are sowed on the projecting belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridges in a stubble-connecting and drilling mode;
9) after the 2 nd crop trapping plant is sown, root irrigation is carried out on the cucumber for the 2 nd time by using a diluent of a leek extracting solution, wherein the irrigation amount of each plant is 150-;
10) after the cucumber is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd crop trapping plant with roots, and intensively destroying the 2 nd crop trapping plant.
2. The cucumber root-knot nematode biosensing control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the trapping plant is one of pakchoi, leaf lettuce and spinach;
the cucumber root-knot nematode biosensing control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cucumber seedlings in the step 5) are 3-leaf 1-heart seedlings.
3. The cucumber root-knot nematode biosensing control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diluent of the leek extracting solution in the step 6) and the step 9) is prepared by the following steps:
(1) selecting leek plants in flowering and seed setting stages, adding the leek plants into a grinder, and juicing;
(2) filtering the solid-liquid mixture squeezed in the step (1), and filtering out residues to obtain filtrate;
(3) mixing the filtrate obtained in the step (2) with water according to a weight ratio of 1: 100-120 mixing.
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Application publication date: 20160928 |