A kind of Fructus Capsici heliogreenhouse producing method for seed
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Fructus Capsici heliogreenhouse producing method for seed, belong to vegetable breeding technical field.
Background technology
Fructus Capsici hybrid seeding is for the purpose of producing high-quality hybrid seed, and the advantage utilizing Fructus Capsici male parent maternal is dominant, by producing in yielding ability, disease resistance, resistance the Hybrid significantly more than parents after the artificial hybridization production of hybrid seeds.The problems such as it is on the low side that Fructus Capsici exists yield during hybrid seeding, and seed quality and purity are difficult to effectively control, and production cost is high, these problems constrain the development of Capsicum seed industry to a certain extent.
The technological deficiency of the Fructus Capsici tradition conventional hybridization production of hybrid seeds is mainly manifested in:
(1) planting in the male parent of Fructus Capsici, maternal the most individually partition set, male parent takies independent land area, reduces plant number maternal on the gross area of production of hybrid seeds plot, causes hybrid seed to yield poorly.
(2) in order to reduce male parent floor space, generally use the method plantation male parent strengthening planting density, cause the disorderly competition between paternal plant, the male flower making plant can not get more preferable nutritional condition, and it is poor that male flower is grown, and pollen quantity reduces, it is unfavorable for carrying out adopting powder, causes hybridization pollination of poor quality.
(3) roguing opportunity and method can not science, hybrid strain removes thorough, causes the generation of pseudostationary, and hybrid seed purity declines.
(4) must arrange remote isolation area, multiple Fructus Capsici cenospecies can not be in same base closely breeding, and breeding cost becomes big.
Therefore, how to improve the systematic seeding technique of Fructus Capsici, reduce the generation of pseudostationary, improve hybrid seed yield, reducing breeding cost is the problem demanding prompt solution that the industry is faced.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is for problem above, it is provided that a kind of Fructus Capsici heliogreenhouse producing method for seed, this method increases the planting of maternal strain number on the gross area of production of hybrid seeds plot, seed purity and percentage of seedgermination high;Improve Parent planting proportion, reduce male parent planting density, be conducive to improving hybrid seed yield and quality, reduce breeding cost.
For solving above technical problem, the Fructus Capsici heliogreenhouse producing method for seed of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
1) cultivation ridge is set: arranging cultivation ridge in heliogreenhouse, cultivation ridge is double concave type structure, is protruded band by 3 and 2 hollow zones form, article 3, protruding bandwidth and be 20cm, protrude band height 20cm, 2 depression bandwidth are 20cm, the deep 20cm of hollow zone, adjacent 2 cultivation distance between the ridges 150cm;
2) use heliogreenhouse in Shandong be January early and middle ten days carry out the Fructus Capsici production of hybrid seeds, the ratio of Parent is 1:4, male parent was than maternal planting early enough 3-5 days, the seedling age phase is about 30 days, and rice shoot reaches to carry out field planting during 3 leaf 1 heart, by male parent field planting protrusion band in the middle of cultivation ridge, maternal field planting is on 2 protrusion bands of cultivation both sides, ridge, before field planting, the typical character pair father such as leaf, leaf color, growing way, female parent according to Seedling carry out the 1st time going hybrid strain, the young plant of hybrid strain and doubtful hybrid strain are removed, no longer field planting;
3) female parent is carried out double dry training, hang climing cultivation, extract remaining branch of below two main wooden forks in time;When maternal door green pepper alabastrum occurs, according to typicality such as beginning Hua Jiewei, alabastrum colors, female parent is carried out the 2nd time and go hybrid strain;Carry out bagging selfing before maternal door green pepper alabastrum is open, bear fruit;When green pepper alabastrum is occurred by female parent, carry out the 3rd time according to typical case's character pair female parents such as door green pepper fruit shapes, fruit colour, sepal shapes and go hybrid strain;Female parent extracts maternal door green pepper fruit and in time to green pepper alabastrum after going hybrid strain for the 3rd time;Maternal four female bucket flowers, octahedral wind flower is selected to carry out hybridization pollination;
4) pollen is gathered: front 1 afternoon of pollinating gathers standby for the pollen of the big alabastrum open next day in male parent strain;
5) emasculation: selecting the maternal alabastrum emasculation of 1-2 days before blooming, after emasculation, paper using set entangles immediately;
6) pollination: by light and even for the paternal pollen of collection and be coated onto enough on the alabastrum stigma of maternal emasculation and hybridize during the 2nd day 9-12 in the morning after emasculation;
7), after pollination all terminates, pull out male parent, flower, the flower bud of non-for female parent emasculation are all extractd, and extracts unnecessary axillalry bud, stay 3-4 sheet leaf pinching in last hybridization side of taking;
8), when the young green pepper length of hybridization flower is to 2-3cm size, selects fruit shape 8-10 fruit good, supermature to make kind of a green pepper, unnecessary fruit is removed;Kind green pepper growth course carries out the 4th to female parent and goes hybrid strain, the female parent that kind of green pepper does not meets varietal character is removed in time;Gather in time after planting green pepper maturation, after carrying out after-ripening in 5-7 days, take seed.
A kind of prioritization scheme, described step 2) in field planting time, female parent strain is away from for 40cm, and male parent spacing in the rows is 80cm.
Another kind of prioritization scheme, in described step 6), a strain retains 10-12 hybridization flower, and namely a strain female parent ensures there be 10-12 colored hybridization pollination.
Another prioritization scheme, also hangs climing cultivation, does not prunes male parent in described step 3);When male parent door green pepper alabastrum occurs, according to typicality such as beginning Hua Jiewei, alabastrum colors, male parent is carried out the 2nd time and go hybrid strain;Carry out bagging selfing before male parent door green pepper alabastrum is open, bear fruit;When green pepper alabastrum is occurred by male parent, carry out the 3rd time according to typical case's character pair male parents such as door green pepper fruit shapes, fruit colour, sepal shapes and go hybrid strain;Male parent extracts male parent door green pepper fruit and in time to green pepper alabastrum after going hybrid strain for the 3rd time.
Use above technical scheme, compared with prior art, have the advantage that
(1) the Fructus Capsici production of hybrid seeds of the present invention cultivates ridge structure by innovation in heliogreenhouse, changing nonoculture plantation in Parent independent partitions under tradition normal condition is mixing point band relay interplanting planting, the not extra individually land occupation of male parent, add the planting of maternal strain number on the gross area of production of hybrid seeds plot, improve Fructus Capsici hybrid seed yield.667m of the present invention2The more traditional conventional method of Fructus Capsici hybrid seed yield improves 29.7%-32.5 %.
(2) the Fructus Capsici production of hybrid seeds of the present invention changes dense planting in male parent partition set is a point band dispersion thin planting, and male parent robust growth, male flower quantity is many, quality good in formation;Meanwhile, be conducive to improving Parent planting proportion, be effectively improved the strain number of male parent, improve quality and the supply of pollen, improve the quality of hybridization pollination.The Fructus Capsici more traditional conventional method of hybrid seed mass of 1000 kernel of the present invention increases 0.28-0.31g, and seed is fuller.
(3) method by staying fruit to identify hybrid strain has been innovated in the Fructus Capsici production of hybrid seeds of the present invention, it is possible to thoroughly removing Parent hybrid strain, substantially increase the purity of hybrid seed, seed purity reaches 100%;Percentage of seedgermination is 99.5%-100%, and field occurs without false hybrid strain.
(4) present invention uses the heliogreenhouse production of hybrid seeds, need not arrange remote isolation area, can realize multiple same bases of Fructus Capsici cenospecies closely breeding.
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the invention will be further described.
Detailed description of the invention
The present embodiment is for the ease of understanding the present invention, and limits claim and the core content of the present invention never in any form.
Embodiment 1 ,Field test is in breeding base, Shouguang City.Capsicum variety is many No. 2 of the cenospecies gold of company of Shouguang City selection-breeding, and male parent is yslj06, and female parent is ysji25.
Test method: test has set 2 contrasts, for the conventional producing method for seed of tradition and producing method for seed of the present invention.
Heliogreenhouse producing method for seed step of the present invention:
1) cultivation ridge is set: arranging cultivation ridge in heliogreenhouse, cultivation ridge is double concave type structure, is protruded band by 3 and 2 hollow zones form, article 3, protruding bandwidth and be 20cm, protrude band height 20cm, 2 depression bandwidth are 20cm, the deep 20cm of hollow zone, adjacent 2 cultivation distance between the ridges 150cm.
2) use heliogreenhouse in Shandong be January early and middle ten days carry out the many No. 2 Fructus Capsici production of hybrid seeds of gold, the ratio of father yslj25 is 1:4, yslj06 was than yslj25 planting early enough 3-5 days, the seedling age phase is about 30 days, rice shoot reaches to carry out field planting during 3 leaf 1 heart, by on yslj06 field planting protrusion band in the middle of cultivation ridge, spacing in the rows is 80cm.Yslj25 field planting is on 2 protrusion bands of cultivation both sides, ridge, and spacing in the rows is 40cm.Before field planting, typical character pair yslj06, the yslj25 such as leaf, leaf color, growing way according to Seedling carry out the 1st time going hybrid strain, the young plant of hybrid strain and doubtful hybrid strain are removed, no longer field planting.
3) yslj25 is carried out double dry training, hang climing cultivation, extract remaining branch of below two main wooden forks in time;When yslj25 door green pepper alabastrum occurs, according to typicality such as beginning Hua Jiewei, alabastrum colors, yslj25 is carried out the 2nd time and go hybrid strain;Carry out bagging selfing before yslj25 door green pepper alabastrum is open, bear fruit;When green pepper alabastrum is occurred by yslj25, carry out the 3rd time according to typical case character pair yslj25 such as door green pepper fruit shapes, fruit colour, sepal shapes and go hybrid strain;Yslj25 extracts yslj25 door green pepper fruit and in time to green pepper alabastrum after going hybrid strain for the 3rd time;Yslj25 tetra-female bucket flower, octahedral wind flower is selected to carry out hybridization pollination.Yslj06 carries out hanging climing cultivation, does not prunes;When yslj06 door green pepper alabastrum occurs, according to typicality such as beginning Hua Jiewei, alabastrum colors, yslj06 is carried out the 2nd time and go hybrid strain;Carry out bagging selfing before yslj06 door green pepper alabastrum is open, bear fruit;When green pepper alabastrum is occurred by yslj06, carry out the 3rd time according to typical case character pair yslj06 such as door green pepper fruit shapes, fruit colour, sepal shapes and go hybrid strain;Yslj06 extracts yslj06 door green pepper fruit and in time to green pepper alabastrum after going hybrid strain for the 3rd time.
4) pollen is gathered: front 1 afternoon of pollinating gathers standby for the pollen of the big alabastrum open next day on yslj06 plant;
5) emasculation: selecting the yslj25 alabastrum emasculation of 1-2 days before blooming, after emasculation, paper using set entangles immediately;
6) pollination: by light and even for the yslj06 pollen of collection and be coated onto enough on the alabastrum stigma of emasculation and hybridize during the 2nd day 9-12 in the morning after emasculation;One strain yslj25 retains 10-12 hybridization flower.
7), after pollination all terminates, pull out yslj06, flower, the flower bud of non-for yslj25 emasculation are all extractd, and extracts unnecessary axillalry bud, stay 3-4 sheet leaf pinching in last hybridization side of taking.
8), when the young green pepper length of hybridization flower is to 2-3cm size, selects fruit shape 8-10 fruit good, supermature to make kind of a green pepper, unnecessary fruit is removed;In kind green pepper growth course, yslj25 being carried out the 4th and go hybrid strain, the yslj25 that kind of green pepper is not inconsistent many No. 2 varietal characters of alloy removes in time;Gather in time after planting green pepper maturation, after carrying out after-ripening in 5-7 days, take seed.
Above-mentioned go hybrid strain process, be intended to pull out yslj06, yslj25 kind and plant the hybrid strain in row and doubtful hybrid strain.
Result of the test:
Present invention producing method for seed 667m more conventional than tradition2Ysji25(is maternal) to increase plant number be 540 strains, the many No. 2 Fructus Capsici hybrid seed 667m of gold2Output increased 32.5%, the single fruit amount of setting seeds increases by 1.9, and mass of 1000 kernel increases 0.31g.
Randomly drawing 2500 seeds from the present invention and the made cenospecies of tradition routine producing method for seed respectively, carry out gold many No. 2 Fructus Capsici field plantings test, the many No. 2 pepper seed germination rates of production of hybrid seeds gold of the present invention are 100%, and field occurs without false hybrid strain, and seed purity reaches 100%;The conventional many No. 2 pepper seed germination rates of production of hybrid seeds gold of tradition are 91.9%, and field has the false hybrid strain of 0.23% to occur.
Embodiment 2 ,Field test is in breeding base, Shouguang City.Capsicum variety is many No. 4 of the cenospecies gold of company of Shouguang City selection-breeding, and male parent is yslj08, and female parent is ysji27.
Test method: test has set 2 contrasts, for the conventional producing method for seed of tradition and producing method for seed of the present invention.
Heliogreenhouse producing method for seed step of the present invention: in addition to kind difference, other measure is with embodiment 1.
Result of the test:
Present invention producing method for seed 667m more conventional than tradition2Ysji27(is maternal) to increase plant number be 545 strains, the many No. 4 Fructus Capsici hybrid seed 667m of gold2Output increased 29.7%, the single fruit amount of setting seeds increases by 1.4, and mass of 1000 kernel increases 0.28g.
Randomly drawing 2500 seeds from the present invention and the made cenospecies of tradition routine producing method for seed respectively, carry out gold many No. 4 Fructus Capsici field plantings test, the many No. 4 pepper seed germination rates of production of hybrid seeds gold of the present invention are 99.5%, and field occurs without false hybrid strain, and seed purity reaches 100%;The conventional many No. 4 pepper seed germination rates of production of hybrid seeds gold of tradition are 91.8%, and field has the false hybrid strain of 0.18% to occur.
By the experimental result of above example, it can be seen that take the present invention to carry out the Fructus Capsici production of hybrid seeds, on the gross area of production of hybrid seeds plot, female parent strain number increases, paternal pollen is grown, maternal stalwartness of growing, single melon amount of setting seeds dramatically increases, and mass of 1000 kernel substantially increases, seed is full, germination percentage is high, and seed purity is high, and yield is high.
The above is the citing of best mode for carrying out the invention, and the part addressed the most in detail is the common knowledge of those of ordinary skill in the art.Protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with the content of claim, and the equivalent transformation that any technology based on the present invention is enlightened and carried out, also within protection scope of the present invention.