CN105940929A - A method of preventing and controlling bitter gourd root-knot nematodes through biological trapping - Google Patents
A method of preventing and controlling bitter gourd root-knot nematodes through biological trapping Download PDFInfo
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention provides a method of preventing and controlling bitter gourd root-knot nematodes through biological trapping. Through reasonable setting of a planting mode, the intercropping of a main crop and a biological trapping plant is realized; through the organic combination of biological trapping and multiple technical measures, bitter gourd root-knot nematodes can be prevented and controlled effectively without chemical nematicides, the yield of bitter gourds can be increased and the method accords with the green and low-carbon concepts. The method achieves a bitter gourd root-knot nematode prevention and control effect of 88.1%-91.4% and compared with the conventional prevention and control method, the method increases the yield of bitter gourds by 16.7%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for controlling bitter gourd root-knot nematodes based on biological trapping, belongs to the technical field of green control of vegetable root-knot nematodes, and is suitable for hanging vine cultivation of bitter gourds in a sunlight greenhouse.
Background
Root-knot nematode damage is one of the main damages in the production process of bitter gourd crops, and can cause the yield of bitter gourd to be reduced by more than 30 percent, even the bitter gourd is completely harvested. In recent years, the planting area of vegetables in protected areas such as solar greenhouses and the like in China is continuously enlarged, the temperature and the humidity of the solar greenhouses are proper, and the root-knot nematodes are aggravated year by year due to continuous cropping all year round. The control methods used are, in principle, the application of chemical pesticides, for example: fosthiazate, phoxim, dazomet, dichloroisopropyl riddle, metham, sulfuryl fluoride and the like, but a large amount of chemical agents are used for preventing and treating, so that a large amount of medicine residues in the bodies of crops and soil can be caused, the health of eaters and the health of offspring and offspring can be damaged, and the preventing and treating effect is not good.
Under the great situation that concepts such as environmental protection, green and low carbon are deepened into people, biological prevention and control means such as biological trapping are more and more emphasized in recent years, especially after various chemical pesticides are limited or forbidden. However, the conventional method for planting trap crops is usually in an upper and lower stubble cultivation mode, the recurrence rate of root-knot nematodes is high, and the ideal control effect can be achieved only by auxiliary application of chemical drugs for control.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for preventing and controlling bitter gourd root-knot nematodes by biological trapping, which realizes intercropping of main crops and biological trapping plants under the conditions of not reducing the planting density of the main crops and not influencing the development of the main crops by reasonably setting a planting mode, is organically combined with a plurality of technical measures, does not use chemical nematocides at all, can effectively prevent and control the bitter gourd root-knot nematodes, has low energy consumption and conforms to the green and low-carbon concepts.
In order to solve the technical problems, the method for preventing and controlling bitter gourd root-knot nematodes by biological trapping is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
in the experiment, it was found that: the double concave cultivation ridges are arranged, so that on one hand, a good environment is created for the interaction symbiosis of the main cultivated crops and the plant for trapping the root-knot nematodes, the planting density of the main cultivated crops is not reduced, and the normal growth and development of the main cultivated crops are not influenced; on the other hand, the main cultivated plants and the root systems of the plant for trapping the root-knot nematodes are separated in space, and the cross distribution of the root systems of the main cultivated plants and the plant for trapping the root-knot nematodes is reduced as much as possible;
2) sowing the 1 st crop trapping plants on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridges 15-20 days before the balsam pear field planting;
3) after the 1 st crop trapping plants are sown, the grooves are filled with water in a flood mode, the water is filled with water for 2 times continuously at intervals of 5 days for 1 time, and the water is filled in the grooves for 2 times if the water does not just flow over 2 convex belts on the two sides;
it was also found in the experiments that: by flood irrigation in the grooves, the air permeability of the soil at different parts of the cultivation ridges is changed in a short time, so that the air permeability of the protruding areas on the two sides of the cultivation ridges is better than that of the protruding areas in the middle, and the movement of the root-knot nematodes in the protruding areas in the middle of the cultivation ridges to the protruding areas on the two sides is accelerated;
4) after the water is naturally poured for the last time in the step 3) and is naturally dried, a drip irrigation tape can be arranged in the groove for watering after the bitter gourd is fixedly planted;
5) fixed planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 50cm, 60g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each fixed planting hole, and then bitter gourd seedlings are fixedly planted in the fixed planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the bitter gourds is finished, 2500 times of aqueous solution of 80% ethylicin missible oil is selected for root irrigation, and the irrigation amount of each bitter gourds is 150g and 120 times;
it was also found in the experiments that: the ethylicin has an effect of avoiding root-knot nematodes, and the root-knot nematodes are kept away from the root system of the tomato; carbonized rice hulls are mixed and applied in the planting holes, the carbonized rice hulls absorb part of ethylicin and then are slowly released, and the avoidance time of the ethylicin to the root-knot nematodes is prolonged;
7) after 45-50 days of the field planting of the balsam pear, pulling out the 1 st crop trapping plant with roots, and intensively destroying;
8) after the 1 st crop trapping plants are pulled out, the 2 nd crop trapping plants are sowed on the projecting belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridges in a stubble-connecting and drilling mode;
9) after the 2 nd crop trapping plant is sown, 2500 times of aqueous solution of 80% ethylicin missible oil is selected to irrigate roots of the balsam pears for the 2 nd crop, and the irrigation amount of each plant is 150-;
10) after the balsam pear is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd crop trapping plant with roots, and intensively destroying the 2 nd crop trapping plant.
An optimized scheme is that the trapping plant is one of pakchoi, leaf lettuce and spinach; wherein,
said pakchoi [ Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino (var. communis Tsen et Lee) ], Brassica plant of Brassicaceae;
said leaf lettuce (Lactutica var longifoaf. Lam) belongs to the genus Lactuca of Compositae;
the spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), Chenopodiaceae, spinach, and annual herbaceous plant.
In another optimized scheme, the bitter gourd seedlings in the step 5) are 3-leaf 1-heart seedlings.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following advantages that:
(1) the method disclosed by the invention is based on organic combination of biological trapping and multiple technical measures by innovating the cultivation ridge shape and the intercropping and interplanting mode, completely does not use a chemical nematicide, is low in energy consumption and accords with the low-carbon concept.
(2) The invention does not produce chemical drug residue in actual use, and the product is green and safe.
(3) The invention has wide application area, simple operation, low use cost and obvious comprehensive benefit, and does not need complicated fumigation measures.
(4) The invention has good effect of preventing and controlling root-knot nematode and high yield. According to tests, the control effect of the compound preparation on the root-knot nematodes of the bitter gourds reaches 88.1% -91.4%, and the yield of the bitter gourds is increased by 16.2% -17.5% compared with that of the traditional control method.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples 1In a certain day light greenhouse in shouguang city, balsam pears are fixedly planted in 2-15 months in 2014, and the balsam pear variety is pimple green and is cultivated by hanging tendrils. Setting 4 treatments, repeating for 3 times, and arranging by random block, wherein the cell area is 120m2The other management measures are exactly the same except for the required measures. The root knot nematode disease of the sunlight greenhouse selected by the field test is serious, the crop planted in the previous crop is the cucumber, and the yield is reduced by more than 30%.
Treatment 1: the balsam pear is cultivated according to the method of the invention, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
2) sowing 1 st crop of leaf lettuce on the convex strips on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the balsam pear is planted;
3) after the 1 st-crop leaf lettuce is sowed, the grooves are irrigated with water in a flood mode, the irrigation quantity is preferably 2 convex belts which just do not flood the two sides, and the water is irrigated for 2 times continuously every 5 days for 1 time;
4) after the water is naturally poured for the last time in the step 3) and is naturally dried, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the bitter gourd is fixedly planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 50cm, 60g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then bitter gourd seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the bitter gourds is finished, 2500 times of aqueous solution of 80% ethylicin missible oil is selected for root irrigation, and the irrigation amount of each bitter gourds is 150g and 120 times;
7) after 45-50 days of the field planting of the balsam pear, pulling out the 1 st leaf of leaf lettuce with roots, and intensively destroying the leaf lettuce;
8) after the 1 st leaf lettuce is removed, the 2 nd leaf lettuce is planted on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a row;
9) after the 2 nd crop of leaf lettuce is sown, 2500 times of aqueous solution of 80% ethylicin missible oil is selected to irrigate roots of the balsam pears for the 2 nd crop, and the irrigation amount of each crop is 150-;
10) after the balsam pear is harvested, the 2 nd crop of leaf lettuce is pulled out with roots and is intensively destroyed.
And (3) treatment 2: the balsam pear is cultivated according to the following method, the root-knot nematode is controlled by adopting a conventional method for planting trap crops, and the root is irrigated by abamectin when necessary. The specific technical scheme is as follows: before planting the bitter gourds, planting a batch of leaf lettuce, pulling out the leaf lettuce, and then planting the bitter gourds, wherein if the root-knot nematode damage is found in the growth process of the bitter gourds, 2% abamectin 2500 times of water solution is adopted for irrigating roots. The planting density of the balsam pear is the same as that of the treatment 1.
And (3) treatment: bitter gourds are cultivated according to the following method, and root-knot nematodes are prevented and controlled by adopting a traditional chemical method. The specific technical scheme is as follows: when the balsam pear is transplanted, 10 percent lythidathion granules, 667m, are mixed and applied in the fixed planting hole22.5kg of abamectin emulsifiable solution used in growth periodThe roots were irrigated 2 times with 2500 times aqueous solution. The planting density of the balsam pear is the same as that of the treatment 1.
And (4) treatment: the balsam pear is planted by the conventional method, any measures for preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes are not adopted, and the planting density of the balsam pear is the same as that of the treatment 1.
And (3) test results:
the control effect of the treatment 1 is 89.2 percent, and the root-knot nematodes in the whole stubble are well prevented and controlled.
The control effect of the treatment 2 is 66.2 percent, the recurrence rate of the root-knot nematodes is high, and the control is carried out by multiple pesticide application.
The control effect of the treatment 3 is 65.7 percent.
And 4, large-area yield reduction is carried out, and partial plants are dead.
The above results were analyzed by anova, and the differences between treatment 1 and treatment 2 and treatment 3, respectively, were at a very significant level, and the differences between treatment 2 and treatment 3 were not significant.
And (4) counting the yield after harvesting, wherein the yield is respectively increased by 16.2% and 16.7% in the treatment 1 compared with the treatment 2 and the treatment 3.
The test result shows that: the prevention and control effect on the root-knot nematode is far better than that of the conventional method for planting trap crops and the conventional chemical method, and the method is environment-friendly and has no chemical drug residue.
Examples 2In a certain day light greenhouse in shouguang city, balsam pears are fixedly planted in 2-15 months in 2014, and the balsam pear variety is pimple green and is cultivated by hanging tendrils. Setting 5 treatments, repeating for 3 times, and arranging by random block, wherein the cell area is 120m2The other management measures are exactly the same except for the required measures. The root knot nematode disease of the sunlight greenhouse selected by the field test is serious, the crop planted in the previous crop is the cucumber, and the yield is reduced by more than 30%.
Treatment 1: the balsam pear is cultivated according to the method of the invention, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
2) sowing spinach of the 1 st crop on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the balsam pear is fixedly planted;
3) after the spinach of the 1 st crop is sown, the grooves are irrigated with water in a flood mode, the irrigation quantity is preferably 2 convex belts which just do not flood the two sides, and the water is irrigated for 2 times continuously every 5 days for 1 time;
4) after the water is naturally poured for the last time in the step 3) and is naturally dried, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the bitter gourd is fixedly planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 50cm, 60g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then bitter gourd seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the bitter gourds is finished, 2500 times of aqueous solution of 80% ethylicin missible oil is selected for root irrigation, and the irrigation amount of each bitter gourds is 150g and 120 times;
7) pulling out the 1 st spinach with roots 45-50 days after the balsam pear is fixedly planted, and intensively destroying the spinach;
8) after the spinach of the 1 st crop is pulled out, the spinach of the 2 nd crop is planted on the convex belts at the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a stubble and drill mode;
9) after the spinach of the 2 nd crop is sown, selecting 2500 times of aqueous solution of 80% ethylicin missible oil to irrigate roots of the bitter gourd of the 2 nd crop, wherein the irrigation amount of each plant is 150 and 200 g;
10) after the balsam pear is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd spinach with roots, and intensively destroying the spinach.
And (3) treatment 2: the balsam pear was cultivated as follows, except that the grooves were not flooded with water, the procedure was exactly the same as in treatment 1. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
2) sowing spinach of the 1 st crop on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the balsam pear is fixedly planted;
3) after the spinach of the 1 st crop is sown, the grooves are not irrigated by flood irrigation; drip irrigation tapes are arranged in the grooves and used for watering the bitter gourds after field planting;
4) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 50cm, 60g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then bitter gourd seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes;
5) after the field planting of the bitter gourds is finished, 2500 times of aqueous solution of 80% ethylicin missible oil is selected for root irrigation, and the irrigation amount of each bitter gourds is 150g and 120 times;
6) pulling out the 1 st spinach with roots 45-50 days after the balsam pear is fixedly planted, and intensively destroying the spinach;
7) after the spinach of the 1 st crop is pulled out, the spinach of the 2 nd crop is planted on the convex belts at the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a stubble and drill mode;
8) after the spinach of the 2 nd crop is sown, selecting 2500 times of aqueous solution of 80% ethylicin missible oil to irrigate roots of the bitter gourd of the 2 nd crop, wherein the irrigation amount of each plant is 150 and 200 g;
9) after the balsam pear is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd spinach with roots, and intensively destroying the spinach.
And (3) treatment: bitter gourd was cultivated as follows, except that no carbonized rice husk was applied to the planting holes, the procedure was the same as in treatment 1. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
2) sowing spinach of the 1 st crop on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the balsam pear is fixedly planted;
3) after the spinach of the 1 st crop is sown, the grooves are irrigated with water in a flood mode, the irrigation quantity is preferably 2 convex belts which just do not flood the two sides, and the water is irrigated for 2 times continuously every 5 days for 1 time;
4) after the water is naturally poured for the last time in the step 3) and is naturally dried, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the bitter gourd is fixedly planted;
5) opening fixed planting holes on the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridges according to the hole distance of 50cm, and planting 3-leaf 1-heart bitter gourd seedlings in the fixed planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the bitter gourds is finished, 2500 times of aqueous solution of 80% ethylicin missible oil is selected for root irrigation, and the irrigation amount of each bitter gourds is 150g and 120 times;
7) pulling out the 1 st spinach with roots 45-50 days after the balsam pear is fixedly planted, and intensively destroying the spinach;
8) after the spinach of the 1 st crop is pulled out, the spinach of the 2 nd crop is planted on the convex belts at the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a stubble and drill mode;
9) after the spinach of the 2 nd crop is sown, selecting 2500 times of aqueous solution of 80% ethylicin missible oil to irrigate roots of the bitter gourd of the 2 nd crop, wherein the irrigation amount of each plant is 150 and 200 g;
10) after the balsam pear is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd spinach with roots, and intensively destroying the spinach.
And (4) treatment: the balsam pear was cultivated as follows, except that the root irrigation with the aqueous solution of ethylicin was not carried out, the other procedures were the same as in treatment 1. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
2) sowing spinach of the 1 st crop on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the balsam pear is fixedly planted;
3) after the spinach of the 1 st crop is sown, the grooves are irrigated with water in a flood mode, the irrigation quantity is preferably 2 convex belts which just do not flood the two sides, and the water is irrigated for 2 times continuously every 5 days for 1 time;
4) after the water is naturally poured for the last time in the step 3) and is naturally dried, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the bitter gourd is fixedly planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 50cm, 60g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then bitter gourd seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes;
6) pulling out the 1 st spinach with roots 45-50 days after the balsam pear is fixedly planted, and intensively destroying the spinach;
7) after the spinach of the 1 st crop is pulled out, the spinach of the 2 nd crop is planted on the convex belts at the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a stubble and drill mode;
8) after the balsam pear is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd spinach with roots, and intensively destroying the spinach.
And (4) treatment 5: the balsam pear is planted by the conventional method, any measures for preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes are not adopted, and the planting density of the balsam pear is the same as that of the treatment 1.
And (3) test results:
the control effect of the treatment 1 is 91.4 percent.
The control effect of the treatment 2 is 63.5 percent.
The control effect of the treatment 3 is 62.8 percent.
The control effect of the treatment 4 is 60.5 percent.
And 5, treating 5, reducing yield in a large area, and stopping producing a part of plants.
The above results were analyzed by variance, and the differences between treatment 1 and treatment 2, treatment 3, and treatment 4 were all at a very significant level, and the differences between treatment 2, treatment 3, and treatment 4 were all insignificant.
After harvest, the yield was counted, and treatment 1 was 16.8%, 16.2% and 17.5% higher than treatment 2, treatment 3 and treatment 4, respectively.
The test result shows that: the technical measures of flood irrigation in the groove, mixed application of carbonized rice hulls in the planting holes, root irrigation of ethylicin aqueous solution and the like are combined into an organic whole based on the intercropping mode of main planted crops and biological induced-gathering plants, and the ideal control effect cannot be realized by any one of the main planted crops and the biological induced-gathering plants.
Examples 3In a certain day light greenhouse in shouguang city, balsam pears are fixedly planted in 2-15 months in 2014, and the balsam pear variety is pimple green and is cultivated by hanging tendrils. Setting 5 treatments, repeating for 3 times, and arranging by random block, wherein the cell area is 120m2The other management measures are exactly the same except for the required measures. The root knot nematode disease of the sunlight greenhouse selected by the field test is serious, the crop planted in the previous crop is the cucumber, and the yield is reduced by more than 30%.
Treatment 1: the balsam pear is cultivated according to the method of the invention, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
2) sowing the 1 st-crop pakchoi on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge 15-20 days before the balsam pear is fixedly planted;
3) after the 1 st-crop of pakchoi is sowed, the grooves are filled with water in a flood mode, the water is filled properly in the form that the water does not just flow over 2 convex belts on the two sides, and the water is filled continuously for 2 times every 5 days for 1 time;
4) after the water is naturally poured for the last time in the step 3) and is naturally dried, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the bitter gourd is fixedly planted;
5) planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 50cm, 60g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each planting hole, and then bitter gourd seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are planted in the planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the bitter gourds is finished, 2500 times of aqueous solution of 80% ethylicin missible oil is selected for root irrigation, and the irrigation amount of each bitter gourds is 150g and 120 times;
7) pulling out the 1 st-crop pakchoi with roots 45-50 days after the balsam pear is fixedly planted, and intensively destroying the pakchoi with roots;
8) after the 1 st-crop pakchoi is pulled out, the 2 nd-crop pakchoi is planted on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridge in a row;
9) after the 2 nd-crop pakchoi is sowed, 2500 times of aqueous solution of 80% ethylicin missible oil is selected to irrigate roots of the balsam pears for the 2 nd time, and the irrigation amount of each plant is 150-;
10) after the balsam pear is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd-crop pakchoi with roots, and intensively destroying the pakchoi.
And (3) treatment 2: the balsam pear is cultivated according to the following method, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
2) the balsam pear is irrigated by flooding in the groove before planting, the irrigation quantity is preferably 2 convex belts which just do not flood the two sides, and the irrigation is continuously irrigated for 2 times every 5 days and 1 time;
3) after the water is naturally poured for the last time in the step 3) and is naturally dried, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the bitter gourd is fixedly planted;
4) and (3) opening fixed planting holes on the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 50cm, and planting the balsam pear seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart in the fixed planting holes.
And (3) treatment: the balsam pear is cultivated according to the following method, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm; drip irrigation tapes are arranged in the grooves and used for watering the bitter gourds after field planting;
2) opening fixed planting holes on the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridges according to the hole distance of 50cm, and planting 3-leaf 1-heart bitter gourd seedlings in the fixed planting holes;
3) after the field planting of the bitter gourds is finished, 2500 times of aqueous solution of 80% ethylicin missible oil is selected for root irrigation, and the irrigation amount of each bitter gourds is 150g and 120 times;
4) after 45-50 days of field planting of the balsam pear, 2500 times of aqueous solution of 80% ethylicin missible oil is selected to irrigate roots of the balsam pear for the 2 nd time, and the irrigation amount of each plant is 150 and 200 g.
And (4) treatment: the balsam pear is cultivated according to the following method, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm; drip irrigation tapes are arranged in the grooves and used for watering the bitter gourds after field planting;
2) fixed planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 50cm, 60g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each fixed planting hole, and then the bitter gourd seedlings with 3 leaves and 1 heart are fixedly planted in the fixed planting holes.
And (4) treatment 5: the balsam pear is planted by the conventional method, any measures for preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes are not adopted, and the planting density of the balsam pear is the same as that of the treatment 1.
And (3) test results:
the control effect of the treatment 1 is 88.1 percent.
And 2, large-area yield reduction is carried out, and partial plants are dead.
And 3, large-area yield reduction is carried out, and partial plants are dead.
And 4, large-area yield reduction is carried out, and partial plants are dead.
And 5, treating 5, reducing yield in a large area, and stopping producing a part of plants.
The field performances of the treatment 2, the treatment 3, the treatment 4 and the treatment 5 are consistent, and the loss difference caused by the root-knot nematodes among the treatments is not obvious. The difference in control effect between treatment 1 and treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 was of a very significant level.
The test result shows that: based on the technical measures of flood irrigation in the grooves, mixed application of carbonized rice hulls in planting holes, root irrigation of an ethylicin aqueous solution and the like under the intercropping mode of main crops and biological trapping plants, the effects of completely not using a chemical nematicide, effectively preventing and controlling the root-knot nematodes of the bitter gourds and improving the yield of the bitter gourds of the main crops can be realized; the bitter gourd root-knot nematodes are not prevented by the flooding irrigation of water in a single groove, the root irrigation of a single ethylicin aqueous solution and the mixed application of the carbonized rice hulls in a single planting hole.
The above is an example of the best mode of the invention, wherein the parts which are not described in detail are the common knowledge of the ordinary skilled person in the art, for example, the seeding density of the induced plant is the same as that of the conventional cultivation, and the seed spacing is 3-4 cm. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and any equivalent modifications based on the technical teaching of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preventing and controlling bitter gourd root-knot nematode through biological trapping is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) arranging cultivation ridges: the width of each cultivation ridge is 60cm, the height of each cultivation ridge is 25cm, 2 grooves with the depth of 10cm are dug on each cultivation ridge, each cultivation ridge is divided into 3 protruding strips, the ridge surface forms a double concave shape, the width of the concave part of each groove is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent 2 cultivation ridges is 80 cm;
2) sowing the 1 st crop trapping plants on the convex belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridges 15-20 days before the balsam pear field planting;
3) after the 1 st crop trapping plants are sown, the grooves are filled with water in a flood mode, the water is filled with water for 2 times continuously at intervals of 5 days for 1 time, and the water is filled in the grooves for 2 times if the water does not just flow over 2 convex belts on the two sides;
4) after the water is naturally poured for the last time in the step 3) and is naturally dried, arranging a drip irrigation tape in the groove for watering after the bitter gourd is fixedly planted;
5) fixed planting holes are formed in the convex belt in the middle of the cultivation ridge according to the hole distance of 50cm, 60g of carbonized rice hulls are mixed in each fixed planting hole, and then bitter gourd seedlings are fixedly planted in the fixed planting holes;
6) after the field planting of the bitter gourds is finished, 2500 times of aqueous solution of 80% ethylicin missible oil is selected for root irrigation, and the irrigation amount of each bitter gourds is 150g and 120 times;
7) after 45-50 days of the field planting of the balsam pear, pulling out the 1 st crop trapping plant with roots, and intensively destroying;
8) after the 1 st crop trapping plants are pulled out, the 2 nd crop trapping plants are sowed on the projecting belts on the two sides of the cultivation ridges in a stubble-connecting and drilling mode;
9) after the 2 nd crop trapping plant is sown, 2500 times of aqueous solution of 80% ethylicin missible oil is selected to irrigate roots of the balsam pears for the 2 nd crop, and the irrigation amount of each plant is 150-;
10) after the balsam pear is harvested, pulling out the 2 nd crop trapping plant with roots, and intensively destroying the 2 nd crop trapping plant.
2. The method for controlling momordica charantia root-knot nematodes according to claim 1, wherein: the trapping plant is one of pakchoi, leaf lettuce and spinach.
3. The method for controlling momordica charantia root-knot nematodes according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 5), the bitter gourd seedlings are 3-leaf 1-heart seedlings.
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Application publication date: 20160921 |