CN103329718B - Protected area watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method - Google Patents
Protected area watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103329718B CN103329718B CN201310289299.2A CN201310289299A CN103329718B CN 103329718 B CN103329718 B CN 103329718B CN 201310289299 A CN201310289299 A CN 201310289299A CN 103329718 B CN103329718 B CN 103329718B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a protected area watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps: preparing soil and ditching in the middle ten days of July; seeding leguminous crop-Vicia spp; watering, and maintaining the humidity of soil; pressing all unbroken roots of the Vicia spp into ditches; covering ridge faces with surface soil; in the first ten days of February, plugging transplant in a hotbed and planting when each watermelon seedling has one leaf and one core; in the last ten days of March, uncovering a small row cover, entering greenhouse normal management, and stopping watermelon cultivation in the first ten days of July; The method simplifies watermelon continuous cropping cultivation procedures. Moreover, through the method that unbroken roots of the Vicia spp directly cover soil and a mulching film is used as green manure, the method improves soil fertility, balances the soil biology environment, and changes the soil physicochemical property, so that disease resistance of field watermelons is further improved, the sugar degree of watermelons is improved by 1-2%, the output is improved by more than 200-600% than that of traditional continuous cropping, and a new path is developed for watermelon continuous cropping.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant protection ground continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, especially a kind of protecting field watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, belongs to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Along with the continuous growth of watermelon fruit output in summer, watermelon continuous cropping area also increases year by year, because watermelon continuous cropping finally makes the natural equilibrium of edaphon and inorganic constituents be damaged, germ is developed soil, soil disease is caused to spread, show as the diseases such as large area generation fusarium wilt, blight dis-ease, fusarium wilt causes the yield of watermelon to lose 15 ~ 30% under normal circumstances, serious field reaches 50 ~ 85%, even have no harvest, thus having had a strong impact on output and the benefit of watermelon, continuous cropping obstacle has become the principal element of restriction the yield of watermelon, particularly facility cultivation.Lot of domestic and foreign scholar has carried out a large amount of research and inquirement in the generation and regulation and control of continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon, it is that soil quality declines that its continuous cropping obstacle affects one of the main reasons, and soil quality declines and fertilising has direct relation, variety classes fertilizer can produce material impact to continuous cropping geomicrobes fauna and soil enzyme activities, and main manifestations is to soil physical and chemical property change with to soil biology environmental disruption.When doing green manure or cover crop with sweet potato in production practices, need enough utilizations just can play the object well controlling weeds.Farmland and orchard make green manure with sweet potato or cover crop can obtain satisfied effect to control V.persica Poir and barnyard grass harm, and its salt tolerance effects is fairly obvious, and soil salt reduces 70% ~ 80%; Increase the content of inorganic nitrogen in soil especially nitrate nitrogen simultaneously significantly, available potassium recruitment reaches 80. 8% ~ 88. 5% of green manure burst size, the degree that recycles of potassium is higher and have identical nutritive effect with Chemical Potassium, it is a complicated process that green manure turns over the impact of soil fertility, is green manure-soil-coefficient result of microorganism-weather.
Now not yet have and adopt green manure mulching soil protecting field watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the defect that existing cultivating watermelon technology exists continuous cropping obstacle, a kind of watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method is proposed, increase soil fertility and balanced soil biology environment, change soil physico-chemical property, improve the disease resistance of watermelon, and then improve the yield of watermelon and the quality of sequential cropping cultivation.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
1), mid-July, after front stubble cultivating watermelon terminates, throw off mulch film, face, ridge of raking, ditch along direction, face, ridge;
2), along both sides, trench digging direction, face, ridge, with sowing legume sweet potato after rake leveling table soil, seeding quantity 8kg/667m
2, to be after planting expert at leveling table soil with rake again, and to pour water in ditch, face, moistening ridge;
3), after seed sprouting, note watering, keep soil moisture 73 ~ 77%; Treat early Febuary in next year, when sweet potato grows into 50 ~ 60cm height, the sweet potato that face, ridge is planted is not completely cured, all in press-in ditch, cover face, ridge with table soil, table soil covers bicolor mulching film, compresses bicolor mulching film surrounding, airtight booth or greenhouse;
4), early Febuary, watermelon hotbed point disk seedling growing, until melon seedling one leaf wholeheartedly time field planting, cover Small plastic shed after field planting;
5) late March, throws off Small plastic shed, enters booth ealy maturing culture management; May, early and middle ten days was gathered first melon, and late June gathers second batch melon, early July watermelon terminate cultivation.
Object of the present invention can also be realized further by following technical measures.
Aforesaid watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, the furrow width 35 ~ 45cm of wherein said step 1) trench digging, ditch depth 35 ~ 45cm.
Aforesaid watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, shows native cladding thickness at 0.8 ~ 1.2cm described in wherein said step 3); Described bicolor mulching film is the bicolor mulching film of silver grey black, and when covering bicolor mulching film, down, silver gray upward for the black of bicolor mulching film; The bicolor mulching film cover time is 18 ~ 22 days.
Aforesaid watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, the spacing in the rows 40 ~ 50cm of wherein said step 4) field planting, line-spacing 55 ~ 65cm.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
After front stubble cultivating watermelon terminates, arrange behind face, ridge and sow sweet potato, adopt be not completely cured direct mulching soil and mulch film of sweet potato to do the method for green manure, change that original planting type is turned over, the farming operation such as to sun the earth which has been ploughed up, saving of work and time.Sweet potato well developed root system, plays chesson, changes soil transparency, and then reaches the effect changing soil physico-chemical property.Adopt silver grey black bicolor mulching film to cover airtight, improve ground temperature in ridge, be conducive to accelerating carbon, nitrogen in the green body plant of sweet potato, especially the decomposition of potassium etc. and utilization.What utilize sweet potato self to have suppresses and allelopathy weed growth, and suppress the growth of weeds in field, weeds fresh weight amount reduces 90%.Utilize microclimate acting in conjunction in sweet potato green manure-soil-microorganism-ridge, continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon can be reduced, the fusarium wilt incidence of disease comparatively contrasts reduction by 96%, quality significantly improves, its pol improves 1 ~ 2%, the more traditional sequential cropping cultivation of output improves more than 200 ~ 600%, for watermelon sequential cropping cultivation has opened up new way.
Advantage and disadvantage of the present invention, the non-limitative illustration by preferred embodiment below made an explanation, these embodiments only provide as an example.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
1), mid-July, after front stubble cultivating watermelon terminates, throw off mulch film, face, ridge of raking, along direction, face, ridge trench digging, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 40cm.
2), along both sides, trench digging direction, face, ridge, with sowing legume sweet potato after rake leveling table soil, seeding quantity 8kg/667m
2, to be after planting expert at leveling table soil with rake again, and to pour water in ditch, face, moistening ridge.Sweet potato well developed root system, plays chesson, changes soil transparency, and then reaches the effect changing soil physico-chemical property.What utilize sweet potato self to have suppresses and allelopathy weed growth, suppresses the growth of weeds in field.
3), after seed sprouting, note watering, keep soil moisture 75%; Treat early Febuary in next year, when sweet potato grows into 50 ~ 60cm height, the sweet potato that face, ridge is planted is not completely cured, in whole press-in ditch, cover face, ridge with table soil, show native cladding thickness about 1cm, table soil covers bicolor mulching film, compresses bicolor mulching film surrounding, airtight booth or greenhouse; When covering bicolor mulching film, down, silver gray upward for the black of bicolor mulching film; Cover about 20 days.Improve ground temperature in ridge, be conducive to accelerating carbon, nitrogen in the green body plant of sweet potato, especially the decomposition of potassium etc. and utilization.
4), early Febuary, watermelon hotbed point disk seedling growing, until melon seedling one leaf wholeheartedly time field planting, field planting spacing in the rows 45cm, line-spacing 60cm, cover Small plastic shed after field planting.
5) late March, throws off Small plastic shed, enters booth ealy maturing culture management; May, early and middle ten days was gathered first melon, and late June gathers second batch melon, early July watermelon terminate cultivation.The fusarium wilt incidence of disease comparatively contrasts reduction by 96%, and quality significantly improves, and watermelon pol improves 1 ~ 2%, and the more traditional sequential cropping cultivation of output improves more than 200 ~ 600%.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments, and all employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent deformation one-tenth, all drop in the protection domain of application claims.
Claims (5)
1. a protecting field watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
1), mid-July, after front stubble cultivating watermelon terminates, throw off mulch film, face, ridge of raking, ditch along direction, face, ridge;
2), along both sides, trench digging direction, face, ridge, with sowing legume sweet potato after rake leveling table soil, seeding quantity 8kg/667m
2, to be after planting expert at leveling table soil with rake again, and to pour water in ditch, face, moistening ridge;
It is characterized in that,
3), after seed sprouting, note watering, keep soil moisture 73 ~ 77%; Treat early Febuary in next year, when sweet potato grows into 50 ~ 60cm height, the sweet potato that face, ridge is planted is not completely cured, all in press-in ditch, cover face, ridge with table soil, table soil covers bicolor mulching film, compresses bicolor mulching film surrounding, airtight booth or greenhouse;
4), early Febuary, watermelon hotbed point disk seedling growing, until melon seedling one leaf wholeheartedly time field planting, cover Small plastic shed after field planting;
5) late March, throws off Small plastic shed, enters booth ealy maturing culture management; May, early and middle ten days was gathered first melon, and late June gathers second batch melon, early July watermelon terminate cultivation.
2. protecting field watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 1) furrow width 35 ~ 45cm of ditching, ditch depth 35 ~ 45cm.
3. protecting field watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 3) the native cladding thickness of described table is at 0.8 ~ 1.2cm; Described bicolor mulching film is the bicolor mulching film of silver grey black, and when covering bicolor mulching film, down, silver gray upward for the black of bicolor mulching film.
4. protecting field watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described step 3) the bicolor mulching film cover time be 18 ~ 22 days.
5. protecting field watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 4) spacing in the rows 40 ~ 50cm, the line-spacing 55 ~ 65cm of field planting.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310289299.2A CN103329718B (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2013-07-11 | Protected area watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method |
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| CN201310289299.2A CN103329718B (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2013-07-11 | Protected area watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method |
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| CN103329718A CN103329718A (en) | 2013-10-02 |
| CN103329718B true CN103329718B (en) | 2015-03-04 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106069153A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-11-09 | 祁明华 | A kind of Herba Artemisiae montanae Artemisia and the cultural method of Citrullus vulgaris crop rotation |
| CN106069152A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-11-09 | 祁明华 | A kind of method utilizing Herba Artemisiae montanae Artemisia crop rotation to eliminate continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon |
| CN110100663A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-08-09 | 上海四系生态农业科技有限公司 | Protecting field 3 years motionless autochthonal state efficiency cultivation technology for high |
| CN110612865A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-27 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation planting method for watermelons, cassava and sweet potatoes |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN85105156A (en) * | 1985-07-03 | 1986-12-17 | 胡一夫 | Utilize sweet potato root stubble zero tillage |
| CN102907242A (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2013-02-06 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所 | Method for planting and tilling and compacting green manure in advance in soil of tobacco-growing area |
| CN102934574A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-02-20 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Planting method of intercropping green manure for potatoes |
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2013
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN85105156A (en) * | 1985-07-03 | 1986-12-17 | 胡一夫 | Utilize sweet potato root stubble zero tillage |
| CN102934574A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-02-20 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Planting method of intercropping green manure for potatoes |
| CN102907242A (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2013-02-06 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所 | Method for planting and tilling and compacting green manure in advance in soil of tobacco-growing area |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 小麦、毛苕子与黄瓜轮作对土壤微生态环境及产量的影响;于高波等;《土壤学报》;20110131;第48卷(第1期);第175-182页 * |
| 果园绿肥毛叶苕子及其栽培技术——介绍一种适于渤海湾地区苹果园冬闲间作的绿肥作物;周厚基等;《辽宁农业科学》;19651231(第4期);第36－38页 * |
| 沙雅县西瓜、甜瓜小拱棚早熟栽培技术;罗章等;《新疆农业科技》;20111231(第5期);第50-51页 * |
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