CN103329718A - Protected area watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method - Google Patents
Protected area watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103329718A CN103329718A CN2013102892992A CN201310289299A CN103329718A CN 103329718 A CN103329718 A CN 103329718A CN 2013102892992 A CN2013102892992 A CN 2013102892992A CN 201310289299 A CN201310289299 A CN 201310289299A CN 103329718 A CN103329718 A CN 103329718A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a protected area watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps: preparing soil and ditching in the middle ten days of July; seeding leguminous crop-Vicia spp; watering, and maintaining the humidity of soil; pressing all unbroken roots of the Vicia spp into ditches; covering ridge faces with surface soil; in the first ten days of February, plugging transplant in a hotbed and planting when each watermelon seedling has one leaf and one core; in the last ten days of March, uncovering a small row cover, entering greenhouse normal management, and stopping watermelon cultivation in the first ten days of July; The method simplifies watermelon continuous cropping cultivation procedures. Moreover, through the method that unbroken roots of the Vicia spp directly cover soil and a mulching film is used as green manure, the method improves soil fertility, balances the soil biology environment, and changes the soil physicochemical property, so that disease resistance of field watermelons is further improved, the sugar degree of watermelons is improved by 1-2%, the output is improved by more than 200-600% than that of traditional continuous cropping, and a new path is developed for watermelon continuous cropping.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant protection ground continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, especially a kind of protection ground watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method belongs to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Continuous growth along with watermelon fruit output in summer, watermelon continuous cropping area also increases year by year, because the watermelon continuous cropping finally makes the natural equilibrium of edaphon and inorganic constituents be damaged, the soil germ is developed, cause soil disease to spread, show as diseases such as large tracts of land generation fusarium wilt, climing rot, generally fusarium wilt causes The yield of watermelon loss 15～30%, serious field piece reaches 50～85%, even total crop failure, thereby had a strong impact on output and the benefit of watermelon, continuous cropping obstacle has become the principal element of restriction The yield of watermelon, particularly facility cultivation.Lot of domestic and foreign scholar is carrying out a large amount of research and inquirement aspect the generation of continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon and the regulation and control, it is that soil quality descends that its continuous cropping obstacle influences one of the main reasons, and soil quality descends and fertilising has direct relation, variety classes fertilizer can produce material impact to continuous cropping ground microflora and soil enzyme activities, mainly shows as to the soil physical and chemical property change with to the soil biology environmental disruption.When doing green manure or cover crop with sweet potato in the production practices, need the capacity utilization just can play the purpose of better controlled weeds.Farmland and orchard make green manure with sweet potato or cover crop can obtain satisfied effect to control Persian Veronica and the harm of barnyard grass grass, and it is fairly obvious that it presses down the salt effect, and soil salt has reduced by 70%～80%; Significantly increase the especially content of nitrate nitrogen of inorganic nitrogen in soil simultaneously, the available potassium recruitment reaches 80. 8%～88. 5% of green manure burst size, the recycling degree of potassium is higher and have identical nutritive effect with chemical potash fertilizer, it is the process of a complexity to the influence of soil fertility that green manure turns over pressure, is the coefficient result of green manure-soil-microorganism-weather.
The green manure of employing mulching soil protection ground watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method is not now arranged as yet.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective that there is continuous cropping obstacle in existing cultivating watermelon technology, a kind of watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method is proposed, increase soil fertility and balanced soil biology environment, change soil physico-chemical property, improve the disease resistance of watermelon, and then improve The yield of watermelon and the quality of sequential cropping cultivation.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method may further comprise the steps:
1), mid-July, preceding stubble cultivating watermelon is thrown off mulch film after finishing, the ridge face of raking is ditched along ridge face direction;
2), along ridge face trench digging direction both sides, with rake leveling table soil back sowing legume sweet potato, seeding quantity 8kg/667m
2, after planting again with the rake leveling table soil of being expert at, and in ditch, pour water moistening ridge face;
3), behind the seed sprouting, note watering, keep soil moisture 73～77%; Treat early Febuary in next year, when sweet potato grows into 50～60cm height, the sweet potato of planting on the face of ridge be not completely cured, all be pressed in the ditch that cover the ridge face with table soil, table soil is gone up and covered double-colored mulch film, compresses around the double-colored mulch film airtight booth or greenhouse;
4), early Febuary, watermelon hotbed point disk seedling growing, field planting when treating that melon seedling one leaf wholeheartedly covers little shed after the field planting;
5) late March is thrown off little shed, enters booth ealy maturing culture management; May early and middle ten days first melon of gathering, late June the second batch of melon of gathering, early July watermelon finish cultivation.
Purpose of the present invention can also further realize by following technical measures.
Aforesaid watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, the furrow width 35～45cm of wherein said step 1) trench digging, ditch depth 35～45cm.
Aforesaid watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, the native cladding thickness of the described table of wherein said step 3) is at 0.8～1.2cm; Described double-colored mulch film is the double-colored mulch film of silver grey black, when covering double-colored mulch film, the black of double-colored mulch film down, silver gray is up; The double-colored plastic mulching time is 18～22 days.
Aforesaid watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, the spacing in the rows 40～50cm of wherein said step 4) field planting, line-spacing 55～65cm.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
After preceding stubble cultivating watermelon finishes, sow sweet potato behind the face of arrangement ridge, adopt be not completely cured direct mulching soil and mulch film of sweet potato to do the method for green manure, changed the farming operation such as turn over, sun the earth which has been ploughed up of original planting type, saving of work and time.The sweet potato well developed root system plays chesson, changes the penetrating ability of soil, and then reaches the effect that changes soil physico-chemical property.Adopt the double-colored plastic mulching of silver grey black airtight, improve ground temperature in the ridge, be conducive to accelerate decomposition and the utilization of carbon, nitrogen, especially potassium etc. in the green body plant of sweet potato.Utilize sweet potato self has weed growth is suppressed and allelopathy, suppress the growth of weeds in field, weeds fresh weight amount has reduced by 90%.Utilize microclimate acting in conjunction in sweet potato green manure-soil-microorganism-ridge, can reduce continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon, the fusarium wilt incidence of disease contrast reduces by 96%, quality obviously improves, its pol improves 1～2%, the more traditional sequential cropping cultivation of output improves more than 200～600%, for the watermelon sequential cropping cultivation has been opened up new way.
Advantage of the present invention and characteristics will make an explanation by the non-limitative illustration of following preferred embodiment, and these embodiment only provide as an example.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Present embodiment may further comprise the steps:
1), mid-July, preceding stubble cultivating watermelon is thrown off mulch film after finishing, the ridge face of raking is along ridge face direction trench digging, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 40cm.
2), along ridge face trench digging direction both sides, with rake leveling table soil back sowing legume sweet potato, seeding quantity 8kg/667m
2, after planting again with the rake leveling table soil of being expert at, and in ditch, pour water moistening ridge face.The sweet potato well developed root system plays chesson, changes the penetrating ability of soil, and then reaches the effect that changes soil physico-chemical property.Utilize sweet potato self has weed growth is suppressed and allelopathy, suppress the growth of weeds in field.
3), behind the seed sprouting, note watering, keep soil moisture 75%; Treat early Febuary in next year, when sweet potato grows into 50～60cm height, the sweet potato of planting on the face of ridge is not completely cured, all be pressed in the ditch, cover the ridge face with table soil, show about native cladding thickness 1cm, table soil is gone up and is covered double-colored mulch film, compresses around the double-colored mulch film airtight booth or greenhouse; When covering double-colored mulch film, the black of double-colored mulch film down, silver gray is up; Covered about 20 days.Improve ground temperature in the ridge, be conducive to accelerate decomposition and the utilization of carbon, nitrogen, especially potassium etc. in the green body plant of sweet potato.
4), early Febuary, watermelon hotbed point disk seedling growing, field planting when treating that melon seedling one leaf wholeheartedly, field planting spacing in the rows 45cm, line-spacing 60cm cover little shed after the field planting.
5) late March is thrown off little shed, enters booth ealy maturing culture management; May early and middle ten days first melon of gathering, late June the second batch of melon of gathering, early July watermelon finish cultivation.The fusarium wilt incidence of disease contrast reduces by 96%, and quality obviously improves, and the watermelon pol improves 1～2%, and the more traditional sequential cropping cultivation of output improves more than 200～600%.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments, and all employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent deformation one-tenth, all drop in the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a protection ground watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1), mid-July, preceding stubble cultivating watermelon is thrown off mulch film after finishing, the ridge face of raking is ditched along ridge face direction;
2), along ridge face trench digging direction both sides, with rake leveling table soil back sowing legume sweet potato, seeding quantity 8kg/667m
2, after planting again with the rake leveling table soil of being expert at, and in ditch, pour water moistening ridge face;
3), behind the seed sprouting, note watering, keep soil moisture 73～77%; Treat early Febuary in next year, when sweet potato grows into 50～60cm height, the sweet potato of planting on the face of ridge be not completely cured, all be pressed in the ditch that cover the ridge face with table soil, table soil is gone up and covered double-colored mulch film, compresses around the double-colored mulch film airtight booth or greenhouse;
4), early Febuary, watermelon hotbed point disk seedling growing, field planting when treating that melon seedling one leaf wholeheartedly covers little shed after the field planting;
5) late March is thrown off little shed, enters booth ealy maturing culture management; May early and middle ten days first melon of gathering, late June the second batch of melon of gathering, early July watermelon finish cultivation.
2. protection ground watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the furrow width 35～45cm of described step 1) trench digging, ditch depth 35～45cm.
3. protection according to claim 1 ground watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the native cladding thickness of the described table of described step 3) is at 0.8～1.2cm; Described double-colored mulch film is the double-colored mulch film of silver grey black, when covering double-colored mulch film, the black of double-colored mulch film down, silver gray is up.
4. protection according to claim 3 ground watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the double-colored plastic mulching time of described step 3) is 18～22 days.
5. protection ground watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the spacing in the rows 40～50cm of described step 4) field planting, line-spacing 55～65cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310289299.2A CN103329718B (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2013-07-11 | Protected area watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method |
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| CN201310289299.2A CN103329718B (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2013-07-11 | Protected area watermelon continuous cropping no-tillage cultivation method |
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| CN103329718B CN103329718B (en) | 2015-03-04 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106069152A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-11-09 | 祁明华 | A kind of method utilizing Herba Artemisiae montanae Artemisia crop rotation to eliminate continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon |
| CN106069153A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-11-09 | 祁明华 | A kind of Herba Artemisiae montanae Artemisia and the cultural method of Citrullus vulgaris crop rotation |
| CN110100663A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-08-09 | 上海四系生态农业科技有限公司 | Protecting field 3 years motionless autochthonal state efficiency cultivation technology for high |
| CN110612865A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-27 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation planting method for watermelons, cassava and sweet potatoes |
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| CN85105156A (en) * | 1985-07-03 | 1986-12-17 | 胡一夫 | Utilize sweet potato root stubble zero tillage |
| CN102907242A (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2013-02-06 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所 | Method for planting and tilling and compacting green manure in advance in soil of tobacco-growing area |
| CN102934574A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-02-20 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Planting method of intercropping green manure for potatoes |
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2013
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Patent Citations (3)
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| CN85105156A (en) * | 1985-07-03 | 1986-12-17 | 胡一夫 | Utilize sweet potato root stubble zero tillage |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106069152A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-11-09 | 祁明华 | A kind of method utilizing Herba Artemisiae montanae Artemisia crop rotation to eliminate continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon |
| CN106069153A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-11-09 | 祁明华 | A kind of Herba Artemisiae montanae Artemisia and the cultural method of Citrullus vulgaris crop rotation |
| CN110100663A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-08-09 | 上海四系生态农业科技有限公司 | Protecting field 3 years motionless autochthonal state efficiency cultivation technology for high |
| CN110612865A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-27 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation planting method for watermelons, cassava and sweet potatoes |
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| CN103329718B (en) | 2015-03-04 |
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