CN114375634B - Acidification improvement method for southern acid soil - Google Patents
Acidification improvement method for southern acid soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN114375634B CN114375634B CN202210088033.0A CN202210088033A CN114375634B CN 114375634 B CN114375634 B CN 114375634B CN 202210088033 A CN202210088033 A CN 202210088033A CN 114375634 B CN114375634 B CN 114375634B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Abstract
The invention discloses a southern acidic soil acidification improvement method, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. The invention discloses a southern acid soil acidification improvement method which comprises field treatment, one-season rice planting, one-season rice management, rape planting and rape management. By reducing the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and combining the modes of paddy-upland rotation and application of organic fertilizer, the invention not only can achieve the purposes of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and realizing green circular planting and breeding, but also improves and fertilizes the soil and achieves the purpose of multiple effects at a stroke.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a southern acid soil acidification improvement method.
Background
Soil acidification is a process of increasing hydrogen ions in soil occurring during soil development or a process of changing soil acidity from low to high. Under the high-temperature and high-humidity weather conditions, the red soil is subjected to desilication and aluminizing processes, and then the exchangeable cations have more iron and aluminum, the cation exchange amount is small, the organic matter content is low, the buffering performance is weak, and the soil acidification is easy to cause. In addition to natural causes, soil acidification has been exacerbated in recent years by human factors, atmospheric acid precipitation and improper agricultural measures, especially the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers. In the last forty years, the pH value of the red soil in south China is greatly reduced (0.23-0.30 unit), and the acidification problem is severe. The proportion of the rice soil with the pH value less than 5.5 is obviously increased compared with the result of the second soil general survey. Therefore, the reduced application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers is one of the major agricultural measures to prevent soil acidification.
At present, the most main measures for improving the acidification of the paddy field are mainly the application of lime substances, and the lime substances mainly comprise quicklime powder, slaked lime powder, limestone powder, dolomite powder and the like. When the pH value is more than or equal to 4.5 and less than or equal to 5.5, the application amount of the quicklime powder is 55-80 kg/mu; when the pH value is less than or equal to 4.5, the application amount of the quicklime powder is 110-160 kg/mu. In addition, 1) green manure planting technology is adopted; 2) Straw returning technology; 3) An organic fertilizer application technology is added. However, currently, the related rice field acidification improvement measures are single, lime is mainly applied, or 1 of measures such as green manure planting, straw returning technology, organic fertilizer increasing technology and the like is combined, and the targeted integration of technical modes for rice field acidification improvement is lacked.
Therefore, it is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to provide a method for improving acidification of southern acid soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for acidifying and improving southern acid soil, which solves the problems of more nitrogen fertilizer application amount and single acidification improvement technical means of southern red-soil rice soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a southern acid soil acidification improvement method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, field treatment: in the middle ten days of 5 months, 50kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of the field and ploughed together with the previous straw; in the last ten days of 6 months, 120kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the field for ploughing; after 2-3 days, applying 36.7kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) to each mu of field, and then leveling the field to directly sow the rice;
step two, planting rice in first season: after the rice seeds are broken in chest and drained, mixing 2kg of 35 percent carbosulfan 16g per mu, and manually and uniformly sowing the mixture in the rice field in the last 6 th ten days; keeping water layer management of 1cm on the field surface after the green appears for 3-5 days; when the rice grows to have three leaves and one core, 85g of 10 percent cyhalofop-butyl emulsifiable oil is mixed with 30kg of water for spraying per mu to remove the weeds in the rice field; 300g of 5% abamectin and 16g of 20% thiamethoxam are used for acre in late 6 months, and unmanned aerial vehicles are used for flying to prevent chilo suppressalis and rice thrips in watering;
step three, rice management in one season: applying additional tillering fertilizer to each mu of field in the last 7 th ten days along with the growth of seedlings, uniformly mixing 3.9kg of urea and 4.2kg of potassium chloride, and manually and uniformly spraying the mixture into the rice field; in 7-month middle ten days, 300g of 5% abamectin, 15g of 20% chlorantraniliprole and 10g of 75% trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole are used for each mu, 30kg of water is added, and an unmanned aerial vehicle is used for flying to control chilo suppressalis, rice leaf rollers, rice planthoppers, banded sclerotial blight and rice blast.
Topdressing spike fertilizer in the last ten days of 8 months, topdressing 2.6kg of urea and 2.8kg of potassium chloride per mu of field, and manually and uniformly spreading the mixture into the field; in late 8-month ten days, in the beginning of the crevasse period, 150g of 5% abamectin, 20g of 30% benzazole and 30g of 80% lid and pymetrozine, 8g +75% tricyclazole and 30g of water are mixed and 30kg of water are flown by an unmanned plane to prevent and control chilo suppressalis, rice leaf roller, rice planthopper, sheath blight and rice blast;
in 9-month middle ten days, using 200g of 5% abamectin, 30g of 75% tricyclazole and 80% of nitenpyram-pymetrozine for each mu in the spike-aligning period, adding 30kg of water, and flying by an unmanned aerial vehicle to prevent and control striped rice borers, rice planthoppers and banded sclerotial blight;
step four, rape planting: after the late rice of one season is mature, a rice harvester collects and adds cutting equipment, and the rice is uniformly paved with cut rice straws while harvesting; 120kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 27kg of compound fertilizer and 250g of boron fertilizer are broadcast as the base fertilizer for the second crop rape; 300g of rape seeds are sown in each mu by using a rotary tillage sowing all-in-one machine;
step five, rape management:
weeding: spraying 100ml of 72% metolachlor and 30kg of water to soil before germination per mu; after seedling emergence, 50ml of 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl missible oil is sprayed on stem leaves of gramineous weeds by adding 30kg of water per mu to kill the gramineous weeds;
insect pest prevention: after rape seedlings emerge, spraying 100g of 48 percent chlorpyrifos and 100g of 10 percent nitenpyram with 30kg of water to prevent flea beetles and bud worms;
topdressing: 5kg of urea is additionally applied to the mu before and after winter solstice to promote the seedlings to grow early and grow quickly; topdressing 3.5kg of potassium chloride per mu when the rapes are bolting after beginning spring in the next year;
disease prevention: in seedling stage and rape flowering stage, 45g of 25% pyraclostrobin is respectively used for each mu, 30kg of water is added for spraying, and oil sclerotinia rot of vegetables is prevented;
spraying boron fertilizer diluted by 1200 times in the flowering phase of rape to prevent flowering but not fruiting;
and harvesting the rape after the rape is ripe, and returning rape straws to the field.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method for acidizing and improving the southern acid soil is provided, a reasonable improvement technical mode is set according to the acidizing degree of the acid soil in the southern red soil area, and the method is mainly used for integrating the technical improvement modes aiming at moderate acid rice soil. By reducing the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and combining the modes of paddy-upland rotation and application of organic fertilizer, the invention not only can achieve the purposes of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and realizing green circular planting and planting, but also can improve and fertilize soil to achieve the purpose of multiple effects at one stroke.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Commercial organic fertilizer (N + P) 2 O 5 +K 2 O is larger than or equal to 5 percent, N is larger than or equal to 3 percent, the content of organic matters is larger than or equal to 45 percent), the fertilizer is urea (N46 percent), the compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is 45 percent, and potassium chloride (containing K) 2 O60 percent) and quicklime (CaO content is not less than 80 percent).
EXAMPLE 1 demonstration zone
The pH value of the red soil rice soil is between 5.0 and 6.5
Planting crop types: the rice of one season (Huanghuazhan) + rape (gan oil hybrid No. 8) (rice oil rotation)
A southern acid soil acidification improvement method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, field treatment: in middle of 5 months in 2021, 50kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of the field and ploughed together with the previous straw. In the first 6 th month of 2021, 120kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of field for ploughing. After 2-3 days, applying 36.7kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) to each mu of field, and then leveling the field to directly sow rice;
step two, planting rice in first season: after the rice seeds are broken in chest and drained, 16g of 35 percent carbosulfan is used for mixing 2kg of seeds per mu, and the seeds are manually and uniformly sowed in the rice field in the 6 th ten days of 2021. After the green leaves appear in 3-5 days, the water layer of 1cm on the surface of the field is kept for management. When the rice grows to have three leaves and one core, 85g of 10 percent cyhalofop-butyl emulsifiable oil is mixed with 30kg of water for spraying per mu to remove the weeds in the rice field. In late 6 months in 2021 year, 5% of abamectin 300g +20% of thiamethoxam 16g is used for acre, and unmanned aerial vehicle is used for flying prevention of chilo suppressalis and rice thrips;
step three, rice management in one season: applying tillering fertilizer (3.9 kg of urea and 4.2kg of potassium chloride) uniformly in each mu of field in the 7 th last ten days of 2021 year as the seedlings grow, and manually and uniformly spraying the tillering fertilizer into the rice field; in 7-month mid-ten days of 2021, 30kg of water is added for each mu (5% of abamectin 300g +20% of chlorantraniliprole 15g +75% of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole 10 g) and the mixture is flown by an unmanned plane to prevent and control chilo suppressalis, rice leaf roller, rice planthopper, sheath blight and rice blast.
Topdressing spike fertilizer in 8-month-first ten days of 2021, topdressing (2.6 kg of urea and 2.8kg of potassium chloride) per mu of field, and manually and uniformly spreading the topdressing spike fertilizer in the rice field; in late 8 months (beginning of the crop) of 2021 year, 30kg of water (5% of abamectin 150g +30% of benzyl propiconazole 20g +80% of ethidium and pymetrozine 8g +75% of tricyclazole 30 g) is mixed with 30kg of water to prevent and control striped rice borer, rice leaf roller, rice planthopper, sheath blight and rice blast by using an unmanned plane.
In the middle of 9 months of 2021, (full spike period) mu is mixed with 30kg of water (5% of abamectin 200g +75% of tricyclazole 30g +80% of ethidium and pymetrozine) and flown by an unmanned plane to prevent and control striped rice borer, rice planthopper and banded sclerotial blight.
Step four, rape planting: after the late rice of one season is mature, the rice harvester collects and adds cutting equipment, and the rice is uniformly paved with the cut rice straws while harvesting. 120kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 27kg of compound fertilizer and 250g of boron fertilizer (B is more than or equal to 15 percent) are broadcast as the base fertilizer of the second rape seed. 300g of rape seeds are sown in each acre by using a rotary tillage sowing integrated machine.
Step five, rape management: weeding: spraying 30kg of water (100 ml of 72 percent metolachlor) to soil before germination per mu. After seedling, 30kg of water (50 ml of 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl missible oil) can be added into each mu of the grass weeds to be sprayed on stem leaves of the grass weeds to kill the grass weeds.
Insect pest prevention: after seedlings of rapes emerge, 30kg of water is added (100g of chlorpyrifos 48 percent +10 percent nitenpyram 100 g) for spraying to prevent flea beetles and bud worms.
Topdressing: 5kg of urea is additionally applied to the mu before and after winter solstice to promote the seedlings to grow early and grow quickly; after beginning spring in the next year, applying 3.5kg of potassium chloride to each mu of field when the rape is bolting.
Disease prevention: in the seedling stage and the rape flowering stage, 30kg of water (45 g of 25 percent pyraclostrobin) is added into each mu, and an unmanned plane is used for flying to prevent and treat sclerotinia rot.
In addition, 1200 times diluted boric fertilizer is sprayed in the flowering phase of the rape to prevent flowering but not seeding.
And harvesting the rape after the rape is ripe, and returning rape straws to the field.
Comparative example 1 control zone
Quicklime and commercial organic fertilizer are not applied to the control area; the remaining operations are consistent with the exemplary zone.
After rape is ripe, plough layer soil samples in a demonstration area and a comparison area are respectively taken, and the pH value, the organic matter content, the total nitrogen content, the available phosphorus content and the quick-acting potassium content are measured; and counting the yield of rice and rapeseed. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (1)
1. The method for acidifying and improving the southern acid soil is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
step one, field treatment: in the middle ten days of 5 months, 50kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of the field and ploughed together with the previous straw; in the last ten days of 6 months, 120kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of land for ploughing; after 2-3 days, applying 36.7kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) to each mu of field, and then leveling the field to directly sow the rice;
step two, planting rice in first season: after the rice seeds are broken through chest and drained, 16g of 35% carbosulfan is used for mixing 2kg of seeds per mu, and the seeds are uniformly and manually sowed in the rice field in the last 6 th month; after the green leaves appear in 3-5 days, keeping the water layer of 1cm of the field surface for management; when the rice grows to have three leaves and one core, 85g of 10 percent cyhalofop-butyl emulsifiable oil is mixed with 30kg of water for spraying per mu to remove the weeds in the rice field; 300g of 5% abamectin and 16g of 20% thiamethoxam are used in mu in late 6 months, and unmanned aerial vehicle is used for flying and preventing chilo suppressalis and rice thrips by adding water;
step three, rice management in one season: applying additional tillering fertilizer to each mu of field in the last 7 th month days along with the growth of seedlings, uniformly mixing 3.9kg of urea and 4.2kg of potassium chloride, and manually and uniformly scattering the mixture into the field; in 7-month middle ten days, 300g of 5% abamectin, 15g of 20% chlorantraniliprole and 10g of 75% trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole are used for each mu, 30kg of water is added, and an unmanned aerial vehicle is used for flying to control chilo suppressalis, rice leaf rollers, rice planthoppers, banded sclerotial blight and rice blast;
topdressing spike fertilizer in the last ten days of 8 months, topdressing 2.6kg of urea and 2.8kg of potassium chloride per mu of field, and manually and uniformly spreading the mixture into the field; in late 8-month ten days, in the beginning of the crevasse period, 150g of 5% abamectin, 20g of 30% benzazole and 30g of 80% lid and pymetrozine, 8g +75% tricyclazole and 30g of water are mixed and 30kg of water are flown by an unmanned plane to prevent and control chilo suppressalis, rice leaf roller, rice planthopper, sheath blight and rice blast;
in 9-month middle ten days, using 200g of 5% abamectin, 30g of 75% tricyclazole and 80% of nitenpyram-pymetrozine for each mu in the spike-aligning period, adding 30kg of water, and flying by an unmanned aerial vehicle to prevent and control striped rice borers, rice planthoppers and banded sclerotial blight;
step four, rape planting: after the late rice of one season is mature, a rice harvester collects and adds cutting equipment, and the rice is uniformly paved with cut rice straws while harvesting; spreading 120kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 27kg of compound fertilizer and 250g of boron fertilizer as the base fertilizer for the second crop of rape per mu; 300g of rape seeds are sown in each mu by using a rotary tillage sowing all-in-one machine;
step five, rape management:
weeding: spraying 100ml of 72% metolachlor and 30kg of water to soil before germination per mu; after seedling, 50ml of 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl missible oil is sprayed on stem leaves of gramineous weeds by being mixed with 30kg of water per mu to kill the gramineous weeds;
insect pest prevention: after rape seedlings emerge, spraying 100g of 48% chlorpyrifos and 100g of 10% nitenpyram with 30kg of water to prevent flea beetles and budworms;
topdressing: 5kg of urea is additionally applied to the mu before and after winter solstice to promote the seedlings to grow early and grow quickly; topdressing 3.5kg of potassium chloride per mu when the rapes are bolting after beginning spring in the next year;
disease prevention: in the seedling stage and the rape flowering stage, 45g of 25% pyraclostrobin is respectively used per mu, and 30kg of water is added for spraying to prevent vegetable sclerotinia rot;
spraying boron fertilizer diluted by 1200 times in the flowering phase of the rape to prevent flowering but not seeding;
and harvesting the rape after the rape is ripe, and returning rape straws to the field.
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