CN111848308B - Saline-alkali soil soybean fertilizer and fertilizing method for improving nutrient efficiency of saline-alkali soil soybeans - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil soybean fertilizer and fertilizing method for improving nutrient efficiency of saline-alkali soil soybeans Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C7/00—Fertilisers containing calcium or other cyanamides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a soybean fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and a fertilizing method for improving the nutrient efficiency of soybeans in saline-alkali soil. The invention provides a soybean fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, which comprises a base fertilizer, a seed fertilizer, an additional fertilizer, a nitrification inhibitor and a leaf fertilizer which are independently subpackaged; the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer, a soil conditioner and biochar. The fertilizer combination provided by the invention can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and achieve the technical effect of improving the crop yield; the fertilizer combination provided by the invention can improve the physicochemical property of soil, improve the productivity of the soil and reduce the pollution to the environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a soybean fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and a fertilizing method for improving the nutrient efficiency of soybeans in saline-alkali soil.
Background
The soybean is an important grain and oil dual-purpose crop in China, the fertilizer consisting of three inorganic elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is mainly adopted in the traditional soybean planting process in saline-alkali areas, although the growth requirement of the soybean can be met, the degree of salt, alkali, plate and thinness of soil can be more serious after long-term use, the production capacity of the soil is reduced, and the yield and the quality of the soybean are reduced. In addition, the planting level of farmers is not high, the number, the form and the physiological effect of nutrients are not considered, blind and empirical fertilization modes further restrict the growth of crops and the absorption of nutrients, so that the yield is low, the utilization rate of fertilizers is low, the risk of environmental pollution is increased, the enthusiasm of farmers for planting soybeans is influenced due to low income, and the method is a difficult problem for the popularization and planting of soybeans.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a saline-alkali soil soybean fertilizer and a fertilizing method for improving the nutrient efficiency of saline-alkali soil soybeans, and the fertilizer combination provided by the invention can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, thereby achieving the technical effect of improving the crop yield; the fertilizer combination provided by the invention can improve the physicochemical property of soil, improve the production capacity of the soil and reduce the pollution to the environment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a soybean fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, which comprises a base fertilizer, a seed fertilizer, an additional fertilizer, a nitrification inhibitor and a leaf fertilizer which are independently subpackaged; the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer, a soil conditioner and biochar.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is livestock organic fertilizer; the effective components of the soil conditioner comprise humic acid, furfural residue, aluminum sulfate and phosphogypsum; the biochar is straw biochar; the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the soil conditioner to the biological carbon is 100-200: 80-160: 100 to 150.
Preferably, the seed fertilizer contains a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is one or more of urea, humic acid urea, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate; the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of monoammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate and calcium superphosphate; the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate; the seed manure comprises 0.7-1.7 kg of N and 4-8 kg of P based on the fertilizer application amount per mu2O5And 3 to 6kg of K2O。
Preferably, the additional fertilizer is one or more of urea, humic acid urea and ammonium sulfate; the nitrification inhibitor is dicyandiamide.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer comprises borax, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate; the mass concentration of the borax is 0.2-0.4%; the mass concentration of the ammonium molybdate is 0.05-0.12%; the mass concentration of the zinc sulfate is 0.1-0.24%; the mass ratio of borax to ammonium molybdate to zinc sulfate is 60-200: 15-60: 30 to 120.
The invention provides a fertilizing method for improving the nutrient efficiency of soybeans in saline-alkali soil, which applies the fertilizer of any one of the technical schemes and comprises the following steps:
before soybean planting, fertilizing base fertilizer and ploughing;
when the soybeans are planted, applying seed manure in a furrow;
spraying foliar fertilizer in the branching stage of soybean;
in the initial flowering period of the soybeans, a first additional fertilizer, a nitrification inhibitor and a foliar fertilizer are applied in a mixed manner;
and spraying a second additional fertilizer and a leaf fertilizer in the soybean swelling period.
Preferably, the application amount of the first additional fertilizer and the second additional fertilizer is 5.6-18.5: 0.6 to 1.3.
Preferably, the content of nitrogen in the seed fertilizer is 15-25 wt.%, the content of nitrogen in the first additional fertilizer is 60-75 wt.%, and the content of nitrogen in the second additional fertilizer is 10-15 wt.%.
Preferably, the furrow application position is 5-8 cm away from the seeds; the application depth of the seed fertilizer is 10-15 cm.
Preferably, the mixing mode is ditch application or broadcast application.
The invention provides a soybean fertilizer, which comprises a base fertilizer, a seed fertilizer, an additional fertilizer, a nitrification inhibitor and a foliar fertilizer which are independently subpackaged; the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer, soil conditioner, biochar and fertilizer. The organic fertilizer contains rich organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, and can supply various mineral substances and trace elements required by crops, thereby not only providing various nutrients for the crops, but also effectively improving the soil structure, adjusting the pH value of the soil, improving the soil fertility and the like; the biochar can increase soil carbon sink, improve soil productivity, has strong adsorption capacity, and can maintain soil moisture and soil nutrients. After the biochar is applied to soil, nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the soil can be reduced and improved by changing the pH value of the soil, adsorbing nitrogen and phosphorus elements, promoting mineralization of nitrogen and phosphorus, increasing cation exchange and the likeEffectiveness of nitrogen and phosphorus; the soil conditioner can improve physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, thereby promoting the yield of crops, and can generate a large amount of H in alkaline soil+Neutralizing OH in soil-The pH value of the soil is reduced, and the humic acid contains various active functional groups such as carbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl and the like, so that the humic acid has the characteristic of high base exchange capacity, can further adsorb and retain a large number of harmful cations in soil soluble salt, and achieves the effect of reducing the salt concentration and the pH value of the soil. The top dressing and the nitrification inhibitor are used in a matching way, so that the loss of nitrogen in the fertilizer in the form of nitrate nitrogen and environmental pollution can be reduced while the plant growth is promoted; the foliar fertilizer increases the nutrition of the plants and promotes the absorption of the plants to the nutrients. The experimental result shows that the fertilizer combination provided by the invention can improve the physicochemical property of soil and improve the productivity of the soil; under the condition that the salt content of the soil is 0.29 percent, compared with the habit of farmers, the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by about 30 percent by adopting the fertilizer provided by the invention, the soybean yield is greatly improved, compared with a comparative example 5, the yield of the fertilizer is increased by 82kg per mu, and the relative income is increased by 57 yuan per mu; compared with comparative examples 1-4, the yield of the fertilizer is increased by 25-80 kg/mu per mu, and the relative income is increased by 10-36 yuan per mu. From the view of soil physicochemical indexes, after the technology is applied, the physicochemical property of the soil with the surface layer of 0-20 cm is obviously improved, the salinity, the volume weight and the pH value are all reduced, compared with comparative example 5, the invention reduces by 26.7%, 11% and 7.2% respectively, compared with comparative examples 1-4, the invention reduces by 8.3-18.5%, 4-11% and 1.2-7.2% respectively; although the application amount of technical nutrients is less, the nutrients such as soil organic matter, inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and the like are increased, and compared with the comparative example 5, the fertilizer is improved by 22.8 percent, 22.3 percent, 46.1 percent and 8.1 percent respectively; compared with comparative examples 1-4, the invention improves the yield by 1.8-21.5%, 0.4-17.8%, 5.6-28.8% and 0.4-7.1% respectively; under the condition that the salt content of soil is 0.45%, compared with the habit of farmers, the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by about 50%, the soybean yield is greatly improved, the yield is increased by 60 kg/mu, and the relative income per mu is increased by about 40 yuan by adopting the fertilizer provided by the invention; after the fertilizer is adopted, the physicochemical property of 0-20 cm soil on the surface layer is obviously improved, the salinity, the volume weight and the pH value are all reduced by 14 percent respectively3 percent and 7 percent, and simultaneously, the increase of nutrients such as soil organic matter, inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and the like is respectively improved by 12.5 percent, 9.9 percent, 1.8 percent and 2.1 percent.
In addition, the invention also provides an application method of the fertilizer, which is simple and feasible and can be used in areas for planting soybeans in a large area.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a soybean fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, which comprises a base fertilizer, a seed fertilizer, an additional fertilizer, a nitrification inhibitor and a leaf fertilizer which are independently subpackaged; the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer, a soil conditioner and biochar. In the soybean fertilizer, the dosage of pure N in seed manure and additional fertilizer in the soybean fertilizer is preferably 3.5-6.5 kg/mu, P2O5The dosage is preferably 4-8 kg/mu, K2The preferable dosage of O is 3-6 kg/mu. In the invention, the mass ratio of the base fertilizer, the seed fertilizer, the additional fertilizer, the nitrification inhibitor and the foliar fertilizer is preferably (280-510): (12-90): (6-24): (0.08-0.2): (0.3-1.14), more preferably (280-470): (12-65): (6-15): (0.10-0.18): (0.38-1.01), more preferably (280-420): (12-50): (6-10): (0.12-0.17): (0.43-0.91).
In the invention, the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer, a soil conditioner and biochar; the organic fertilizer is preferably livestock and poultry organic fertilizer; cow dung processed by earthworms is preferably selected as the poultry organic fertilizer; the effective components of the soil conditioner preferably comprise humic acid, furfural residue, aluminum sulfate and phosphogypsum; the biochar is preferably straw biochar; the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the soil conditioner to the biological carbon is preferably 100-200: 80-160: 100 to 150, preferably 100 to 180:80 to 150:100 to 140. The cow dung treated by the earthworms is adopted in the invention, so that the number of soil microorganisms can be increased, and the soil microbial activity and the soil rhizosphere micro-ecological environment can be improved. In the invention, the specific base fertilizer and the specific mixture ratio are adopted, so that the nutrient components of the soybeans at the early growth stage are ensured, the yield of the soybeans is promoted, and the physicochemical properties of soil are improved. In the invention, the organic fertilizer, the soil conditioner and the biochar are not limited in any way and can be purchased by a person skilled in the art.
In the present invention, the seed fertilizer preferably contains a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably one or more of urea (nitrogen content is 46 wt.%), humic acid urea (nitrogen content is 44 wt.%), monoammonium phosphate (nitrogen content is 11 wt.%, phosphorus content is 52 wt.%) and ammonium sulfate (nitrogen content is 21 wt.%), and the humic acid urea is further preferably selected; the phosphate fertilizer is preferably one or more of monoammonium phosphate (with the nitrogen content of 11 wt.% and the phosphorus content of 52 wt.%), ammonium polyphosphate (with the nitrogen content of 12 wt.% and the phosphorus content of 65 wt.%) and calcium superphosphate (with the phosphorus content of 14 wt.% to 20 wt.%), and is further preferably calcium superphosphate; the potassium fertilizer is preferably potassium sulfate (potassium content is 50 wt.% K)2O); the seed manure preferably comprises 0.7-1.7 kg/mu N and 4-8 kg/mu P2O5And 3-6 kg/mu K2O, more preferably 0.9 to 1.4 kg/mu N, 4 to 7 kg/mu P2O53-5 kg/mu K2O。
The invention adopts physiological acid fertilizer urea, humic acid urea, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium polyphosphate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, can reduce the pH value of soil and promote plants to absorb nutrients, thereby improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
In the invention, the top dressing is preferably one or more of urea, humic acid urea and ammonium sulfate; further preferably urea or urea humate; the nitrification inhibitor is preferably dicyandiamide; the foliar fertilizer preferably comprises borax, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate; the mass concentration of the borax is preferably 0.2-0.4%, and more preferably 0.25-0.35%; the mass concentration of the ammonium molybdate is preferably 0.05-0.12%, and more preferably 0.06-0.11%; the mass concentration of the zinc sulfate is preferably 0.1-0.24%, more preferably 0.12-0.20%, and the mass ratio of borax, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate in the foliar fertilizer is preferably 60-200: 15-60: 30 to 120, and more preferably 75 to 180: 18-55: 35 to 100, more preferably 85 to 160: 20-52: 40-90. In the invention, the seed fertilizer and the additional fertilizer are matched with the nitrification inhibitor, thereby providing plant nutrients and reducing the pollution of the fertilizer to the environment.
The fertilizer provided by the invention can effectively improve the soil structure, adjust the pH value of the soil and improve the soil fertility under the synergistic cooperation of a base fertilizer, a seed fertilizer, a top dressing, a nitrification inhibitor and a foliar fertilizer concentrated fertilizer; the loss of nitrogen in the fertilizer in the form of nitrate nitrogen and environmental pollution can be reduced while the growth of plants is promoted.
The invention provides an application method of the fertilizer in the scheme, which comprises the following steps:
before soybean planting, fertilizing base fertilizer and ploughing;
when the soybeans are planted, applying seed manure in a furrow;
spraying foliar fertilizer in the branching stage of soybean;
in the initial flowering period of the soybeans, a first additional fertilizer, a nitrification inhibitor and a foliar fertilizer are applied in a mixed manner;
and spraying a second additional fertilizer and a leaf fertilizer in the soybean swelling period.
Before the soybean is planted, the method applies base fertilizer and ploughs. In the invention, the application amount of the base fertilizer is preferably 280-510 kg/mu, and more preferably 280-470 kg/mu. In the present invention, the specific manner of broadcasting and cultivating is not limited at all, and a manner known to those skilled in the art may be adopted. The invention adopts a broadcasting mode to achieve the technical effects of improving soil and fertilizing, thereby ensuring the yield of the soybeans.
The invention applies seed manure in the furrow when the soybeans are planted. In the invention, the furrow application position is 5-8 cm away from the seed application position of the seeds, and the preferable position is 6-7 cm; the application depth of the seed fertilizer is 10-15 cm, and the further preferable range is 10-13 cm; the content of nitrogen in the seed manure is preferably 15-25 wt.%, and more preferably 17-20 wt.%. In the invention, the application amount of the seed manure is preferably 12-90 kg/mu, more preferably 12-65 kg/mu, and most preferably 12-50 kg/mu. The method adopts a furrow application mode to increase the absorption of the plant root system to the effective phosphorus and reduce the volatility loss of the nitrogen fertilizer.
The invention sprays leaf fertilizer in the branching stage of soybean. In the invention, the application amount of the foliar fertilizer is 105-260 g/mu, and more preferably 160-220 g/mu. In the present invention, the spraying mode is not limited, and those familiar to those skilled in the art can be used. The invention adopts a spraying method, which can reduce the using dosage of the fertilizer and can ensure the growth of the soybean under the condition of reducing the using amount of the fertilizer.
In the initial flowering period of soybean, the first additional fertilizer, the nitrification inhibitor and the foliar fertilizer are applied in a mixed manner. In the invention, the application amount of the foliar fertilizer is 180-300 g/mu, and more preferably 200-280 g/mu. The mixed application mode is preferably ditch application or broadcast application; the dosage of the nitrogen in the first additional fertilizer is preferably 60-75 wt% of the total nitrogen (namely the nitrogen content of the seed fertilizer and the additional fertilizer) of the soybean fertilizer, and more preferably 65-70 wt%.
In the invention, the application amount of the nitrification inhibitor is 3-5 wt% of the amount of the N element in the first top dressing.
In the soybean grain swelling period, the second additional fertilizer and the leaf fertilizer are sprayed. In the invention, the application amount of the foliar fertilizer is 180-300 g/mu, more preferably 200-280 g/mu, and the nitrogen dosage in the second additional fertilizer is preferably 10-15 wt% of the total nitrogen content (namely the nitrogen content of the seed fertilizer and the additional fertilizer) of the soybean fertilizer, and more preferably 12-14 wt%. In the invention, the application amount of the first additional fertilizer and the second additional fertilizer is preferably 5.6-18.5: 0.6 to 1.3, and more preferably 5.8 to 10: 0.8 to 1.2; the dosage of the first additional fertilizer is 5.6-18.5 kg/mu, and the preferred dosage is 5.8-10 kg/mu; the dosage of the second additional fertilizer is 0.6-1.3 kg/mu, and the further preferable dosage is 0.8-1.2 kg/mu.
For further illustration of the present invention, the following detailed description will be made of a saline-alkali soil soybean fertilizer and a fertilizing method for improving the nutrient efficiency of the soybean in the saline-alkali soil, which are provided by the present invention, with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The salt content of the soil is 0.29 percent, the base fertilizer (100 kg/mu organic fertilizer (earthworm-processed cow dung), 100 kg/mu biochar (straws), 80 kg/mu humic acid soil conditioner (humic acid, furfural residue, aluminum sulfate and phosphogypsum)) is spread in one week before the soybean is planted, and then cultivated land and mixed into plough layer soil.
When the soybeans are planted, a soybean seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine is used, 2.7kg of urea, 36kg of calcium superphosphate and 8kg of potassium sulfate are applied to the area 6cm away from the seed side, and the depth is 10 cm.
In the branching stage of soybean, 100g of foliar fertilizers borax, 20g of ammonium molybdate and 50g of zinc sulfate are sprayed on each mu of land (namely the mass ratio of borax to ammonium molybdate to zinc sulfate is 100: 20: 50, the mass concentration of borax is 0.33%, the mass concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.07%, and the mass concentration of zinc sulfate is 0.17%).
In the initial flowering period of soybeans, applying a mixture of a first additional fertilizer (7kg of urea) and 160g of dicyandiamide to each mu of soybeans, and watering in time after applying the fertilizer; 150g of foliar fertilizers borax, 30g of ammonium molybdate and 80g of zinc sulfate are sprayed on each mu of land (namely the mass ratio of borax, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate is 150: 30: 80, the mass concentration of borax is 0.33%, the mass concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.07%, and the mass concentration of zinc sulfate is 0.17%).
Spraying a second additional fertilizer (1kg of urea) per mu in a soybean swelling period of 6 months and 15 days; 150g of foliar fertilizers borax, 30g of ammonium molybdate and 80g of zinc sulfate are sprayed on each mu of land (namely the mass ratio of borax, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate is 150: 30: 80, the mass concentration of borax is 0.33%, the mass concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.07%, and the mass concentration of zinc sulfate is 0.17%).
Example 2
The salt content of the soil is 0.45 percent, the base fertilizer (160 kg/mu organic fertilizer (earthworm-processed cow dung), 120 kg/mu biochar (straws) and 100 kg/mu humic acid soil conditioner (humic acid, furfural residue, aluminum sulfate and phosphogypsum)) is spread in one week before the soybean is planted, and then cultivated land and mixed into plough layer soil.
When the soybeans are planted, a soybean seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine is used, 6kg of ammonium polyphosphate and 6kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu of land, the seeds are planted at the position 6cm away from the seeds, and the depth is 10 cm.
In the branching stage of soybean, 87g of foliar fertilizers borax, 30g of ammonium molybdate and 60g of zinc sulfate (namely, the mass ratio of borax to ammonium molybdate to zinc sulfate is 87: 30: 60, the mass concentration of borax is 0.29%, the mass concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.1% and the mass concentration of zinc sulfate is 0.2%) are sprayed on each mu of land.
In the initial flowering period of soybeans, applying a mixture of a first additional fertilizer (5.8kg of urea) and 130g of dicyandiamide to each mu of soybeans, and watering in time after applying the fertilizer; 100g of leaf fertilizers borax, 40g of ammonium molybdate and 70g of zinc sulfate (namely the mass ratio of borax to ammonium molybdate to zinc sulfate is 100: 40: 70, the mass concentration of borax is 0.25%, the mass concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.1% and the mass concentration of zinc sulfate is 0.18%) are sprayed on each mu of land.
Spraying a second additional fertilizer (1kg of urea) per mu in a soybean swelling period of 6 months and 15 days; 113g of foliar fertilizers borax, 50g of ammonium molybdate and 80g of zinc sulfate (namely the mass ratio of borax to ammonium molybdate to zinc sulfate is 113: 50: 80, the mass concentration of borax is 0.23%, the mass concentration of ammonium molybdate is 0.1% and the mass concentration of zinc sulfate is 0.16%) are sprayed on each mu of land.
Comparative example 1
The base fertilizer lacks organic fertilizer, and the rest is the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 2
The base fertilizer lacks biochar, and the rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The humic acid soil conditioner is absent in the base fertilizer, and the rest is the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 4
The base fertilizer was absent, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
The salt content of the soil is 0.29 percent, the soybean base fertilizer compound fertilizer is 50 kg/mu, and the rotary tillage and the seeding are carried out after the base fertilizer is spread.
Comparative example 6
The salt content of the soil is 0.45 percent, 50kg of compound fertilizer and 200kg of common organic fertilizer are applied to each mu of soybean base fertilizer, and rotary tillage and sowing are carried out after the base fertilizer is applied.
Application example 1
Soil conditions: the salt content of the soil is 0.29 percent, the pH value is 8.3, the organic matter is 1.03 percent, the quick-acting potassium is 210mg/kg, and the available phosphorus is 8.5 mg/kg.
Fertilizing is carried out according to the modes of example 1 and comparative examples 1-5, the yield, the output value, the fertilizer input and the relative income of the soybeans are investigated in the harvest period of the soybeans, and the soybean yield detection method comprises the following steps: 2m per area2Carrying out yield measurement and seed roasting; collecting 0-20 cm of soil at multiple points in each cell during harvesting, measuring inorganic nitrogen by flow analysis, and measuring quick-acting phosphorus by 0.5mol/LNaHCO3Leaching-molybdenum-antimony colorimetric resistance; the quick-acting potassium is extracted by 1mol/LNH4 Ac-flame photometry; the organic matter adopts a potassium dichromate volume-weight method; the salinity is measured by a gravimetric method (water-soil ratio is 5:1), and the pH is measured by a pH meter (water-soil ratio is 2.5: 1). The results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on Soybean yield and economic benefit
TABLE 2 comparison of soil effect for different treatments (0 to 20cm)
The results are shown in the test data recorded in tables 1 and 2, compared with the comparative example 5 (farmer habit), the nitrogen fertilizer of other treatments is reduced by 30% from the chemical nutrient input, the fertilizer cost is increased by 209-369 yuan/mu (except for the comparative example 4) due to the application of the soil conditioner, the organic fertilizer and the biochar, but the soybean yield is greatly improved, compared with the comparative example 5, the yield is increased by 82kg per mu, and the relative income is increased by 57 yuan per mu; compared with comparative examples 1-4, the yield of the fertilizer is increased by 25-80 kg/mu per mu, and the relative income is increased by 10-36 yuan per mu. From the view of soil physicochemical indexes, after the technology is applied, the physicochemical property of the soil with the surface layer of 0-20 cm is obviously improved, the salinity, the volume weight and the pH value are all reduced, compared with comparative example 5, the invention reduces by 26.7%, 11% and 7.2% respectively, compared with comparative examples 1-4, the invention reduces by 8.3-18.5%, 4-11% and 1.2-7.2% respectively; although the application amount of technical nutrients is less, the nutrients such as soil organic matter, inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and the like are increased, and compared with the comparative example 5, the fertilizer is improved by 22.8 percent, 22.3 percent, 46.1 percent and 8.1 percent respectively; compared with comparative examples 1-4, the invention improves the yield by 1.8-21.5%, 0.4-17.8%, 5.6-28.8% and 0.4-7.1%, respectively.
Application example 2
Soil conditions: the salt content of the soil is 0.45 percent, the pH value is 8.8, the organic matter is 0.87 percent, the quick-acting potassium is 228mg/kg, and the available phosphorus is 9.6 mg/kg.
Fertilizing is carried out according to the mode of example 2 and comparative example 6, the yield value, the fertilizer input and the relative income of the soybeans are investigated in the harvest period of the soybeans, and the soybean yield detection method comprises the following steps: 2m per area2Carrying out yield measurement and seed roasting; collecting 0-20 cm of soil at multiple points in each cell during harvesting, measuring inorganic nitrogen by flow analysis, and measuring quick-acting phosphorus by 0.5mol/LNaHCO3Leaching-molybdenum-antimony colorimetric resistance; the quick-acting potassium is extracted by 1mol/LNH4 Ac-flame photometry; the organic matter adopts a potassium dichromate volume-weight method; the salinity is measured by a gravimetric method (water-soil ratio is 5:1), and the pH is measured by a pH meter (water-soil ratio is 2.5: 1). The results are shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on Soybean yield and economic benefit
TABLE 4 comparison of soil effects for different treatments (0 to 20cm)
As can be seen from the test data shown in tables 3 and 4, compared with comparative example 6 (farmer habit), the nitrogen fertilizer input of the examples is reduced by 50% in terms of chemical NPK nutrient input, and although the application of the soil conditioner, the organic fertilizer and the biochar increases the fertilizer cost by 274 yuan/mu, the soybean yield is increased by 60 kg/mu, the yield is increased by 60%, and the relative income per mu is increased by nearly 40 yuan; from the view of soil physicochemical indexes, after the technology is applied, the physicochemical property of 0-20 cm soil on the surface layer is obviously improved, the salinity, the volume weight and the pH value are all reduced by 14 percent, 3 percent and 7 percent respectively; although the application amount of technical nutrients is less, the nutrients such as soil organic matter, inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and the like are increased by 12.5%, 9.9%, 1.8% and 2.1% respectively.
The fertilizer combination provided by the invention can improve the physicochemical property of soil and improve the productivity of the soil, and the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced by adopting the fertilizer combination provided by the invention, so that the yield and the benefit of soybean are greatly improved; moreover, the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be obviously improved, nutrients such as soil organic matters, inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and the like are increased, and the growth of the soybeans is further ensured.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other embodiments without inventive step from the embodiments, and these embodiments all fall into the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A fertilizing method for improving the nutrient efficiency of soybeans in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
before soybean planting, fertilizing base fertilizer and ploughing;
when the soybeans are planted, applying seed manure in a furrow;
spraying foliar fertilizer in the branching stage of soybean;
in the initial flowering period of the soybeans, a first additional fertilizer, a nitrification inhibitor and a foliar fertilizer are applied in a mixed manner;
spraying a second additional fertilizer and a leaf fertilizer during the soybean swelling period;
the base fertilizer consists of an organic fertilizer, a soil conditioner and biochar; the organic fertilizer is livestock and poultry organic fertilizer; the effective components of the soil conditioner consist of humic acid, furfural residue, aluminum sulfate and phosphogypsum; the biochar is straw biochar; the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the soil conditioner to the biological carbon is 100-200: 80-160: 100 to 150 parts;
the seed fertilizer consists of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is one or more of urea, humic acid urea, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate; the phosphate fertilizerIs one or more of monoammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate and calcium superphosphate; the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate; the seed manure comprises 0.7-1.7 kg of N and 4-8 kg of P based on the fertilizer application amount per mu2O5And 3 to 6kg of K2O；
The additional fertilizer is one or more of urea, humic acid urea and ammonium sulfate; the nitrification inhibitor is dicyandiamide;
the foliar fertilizer comprises borax, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate; the mass concentration of the borax is 0.2-0.4%; the mass concentration of the ammonium molybdate is 0.05-0.12%; the mass concentration of the zinc sulfate is 0.1-0.24%.
2. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein the first additional fertilizer and the second additional fertilizer are applied at a mass ratio of 5.6-18.5: 0.6 to 1.3.
3. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the seed fertilizer contains 15-25 wt.% of nitrogen, the first top dressing contains 60-75 wt.% of nitrogen, and the second top dressing contains 10-15 wt.% of nitrogen.
4. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the furrow application is located 5-8 cm from the seeds; the application depth of the seed fertilizer is 10-15 cm.
5. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein the mixed application mode is furrow application or broadcast application.
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