CN105123067B - The fertilizing method of one potato seed beans relay interplanting planting - Google Patents
The fertilizing method of one potato seed beans relay interplanting planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN105123067B CN105123067B CN201510413388.2A CN201510413388A CN105123067B CN 105123067 B CN105123067 B CN 105123067B CN 201510413388 A CN201510413388 A CN 201510413388A CN 105123067 B CN105123067 B CN 105123067B
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- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
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- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].[Sb] Chemical compound [Mo].[Sb] WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- NQDAZSFONLAYGS-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy-(hydroxy(dioxo)chromio)oxy-dioxochromium;potassium Chemical compound [K].O[Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr](O)(=O)=O NQDAZSFONLAYGS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the fertilizing method of a potato seed beans relay interplanting planting, is to form root nodule based on legume and rhizobium to fix atmospheric nitrogen so as to reduce the principle of chemical nitrogen fertilizer input, for the Northwest's topsoil soils low-carbon(Organic matter), poor nitrogen, lack phosphorus, the Nutrient Characteristic of richer potassium, recommend to be reduced 30% applied nitrogen, fixed nitrogen on the basis of amount of nitrogen in soil measurement formula(N)Phosphorus(P2O5)Potassium(K2O)Ratio is 1:1:0.5, nitrogenous fertilizer 50%, phosphate fertilizer 100%, potash fertilizer 70%, organic fertilizer 100% is used as base manure;Nitrogenous fertilizer 50%, potash fertilizer 30% are used as top dressing, and covering crop yield under operation mode, improvement of soil fertility, environment-friendly " three win " situation for the Northwest's potato beans provides technology and ensure.The invention has the advantages that:1st, promote potato, soybean yield-increasing, increase economic efficiency;2nd, improved soil situation, culture fertility;3rd, utilization rate of fertilizer is improved, is reduced environmental pollution;4th, nutrition, controlling crop diseases and insect pests are regulated and controled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural fertilizer method, and in particular to the fertilizing method of a potato seed beans relay interplanting planting.
Background technology
Current Chinese nitrogenous fertilizer consumption figure exceedes crop maximum output demand, and the nitrogenous fertilizer surplus in agricultural system is to environment shadow
Sound progressively shows, and Chinese nitrogenous fertilizer problem turns into global nitrogenous fertilizer the very corn of a subject.21 century N-fertilizer management turns into Chinese sustainable development
The key issue of exhibition.Change our way of thinking about development as early as possible, make full use of various sources of nitrogen, realize nitrogenous fertilizer input and crop demand
Match somebody with somebody, it is the task of top priority to make great efforts to reduce its environmental pollution while nitrogenous fertilizer production-increasing function is played.
China is maximum in the world nitrogen fertilizer production and country of consumption, the contribution increased to recent two decades whole world nitrogenous fertilizer production dosage
Up to 61% and 52%.China supports 20% population and continuous improvement with global 10% land resource, 21% irrigated area
The key of living standard is effective implementation of the new technologies such as nitrogenous fertilizer.But current Chinese nitrogenous fertilizer consumption figure exceedes crop maximum output
Demand, the nitrogenous fertilizer surplus effect on environment in agricultural system progressively show.The 57% of total nitrogen comes from national water pollutant
In agricultural (national Pollutant source investigation bulletin for the first time, 2010);Agricultural land soil pH declines 0.5 unit, wherein 60%-90%'s
Contribution comes from nitrogenous fertilizer;National Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition increases 60%, mainly relevant with nitrogenous fertilizer;If China keeps current development
Trend, the Environmental costs of the year two thousand twenty nitrogenous fertilizer are up to 5,000,000,000 dollars, and the year two thousand thirty reaches 14,300,000,000 dollars, and it is beautiful that the year two thousand fifty reaches 27,100,000,000
Member, account for the 58% of the whole world.Therefore, Chinese nitrogenous fertilizer problem turns into global nitrogenous fertilizer the very corn of a subject.During 21 century N-fertilizer management turns into
The key issue of state's sustainable development.Change our way of thinking about development as early as possible, make full use of various sources of nitrogen, realize nitrogenous fertilizer input and make
Thing demand matches, and it is the task of top priority to make great efforts to reduce its environmental pollution while nitrogenous fertilizer production-increasing function is played.
Intercropping and interplanting plantation can effectively improve resource utilization and grain yield, strengthen the ability to ward off risks of agricultural system,
Increase water and soil conservation ability, increase soil fertility, while the generation of disease pest and weed can be suppressed, be the ecological agriculture and sustainable agriculture
One of Main way of industry development.Potato as shown in Figure 1-soybean set operation mode is in recent years in Development of Northwest China
A kind of new cropping pattern, be effectively improved multiple crop index, land utilization ratio, the efficiency of light energy utilization and total grain output, have
The use for realizing to effect soil supports combination and nutrient complementation.In addition, legume can form root nodule with rhizobium fixes air
Nitrogen is considered as playing an important roll in sustainable grain-production system so as to reduce chemical nitrogen fertilizer input.
Potato Relay-planting soybean cropping pattern substantially based on reference nonoculture potato fertilization technology, has not yet been formed one
The fertilizer practice of relative system.
Irrigated area nonoculture Early cropping potato fertilizer practice:
Nitrogenous fertilizer (N):10-24kg/mu;Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5):8-15kg/mu;Potash fertilizer (K2O):5-10kg/mu (plant nutrient with
Fertilizer journal, 2012 (3), agriculture of gansu science and technology, 2008 (5), Qinghai agricultural technology spread, 2004 (2)).
In the nonoculture of drought-hit area, late-maturing potato fertilization technology:
Nitrogenous fertilizer (N):6-18kg/mu;Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5):5-10kg/mu;Potash fertilizer (K2O):3-8kg/mu (Chinese soil and fertilizer
Material, 2014 (4), potatoes 2014 (5), Ningxia agricultural science and technology, 2008 (3)).
Above-mentioned prior art is the scheme only for potato nutrient uptake feature and economic benefit proposition, and the amount of application of fertilizer surpasses
Crop demand is crossed, is not suitable for potato Relay-planting soybean cultivation mode.Existing potato fertilization technology mainly uses disposable base
Apply or " one bombards " fertilization mode, cause fertilizer utilization efficiency not high and environmental pollution.Prior art is right mainly based on chemical fertilizer
Organic fertilizer supplement deficiency, causes soil physics, chemistry and biological character to be deteriorated, and the soil water, fertilizer, four big factors of fertility of air and heat lose
Adjust.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention aiming at it is above-mentioned in the prior art the defects of, there is provided one kind be directed to drought-hit area and irrigated area Ma Ling
The fertilizing method of potato Relay-planting soybean plantation.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is:The fertilizing method of one potato seed beans relay interplanting planting, bag
Soil nutrient detection is included, with fertilizer, fertilising and potato beans interplanting cultivation step.
Further, the fertilizing method of an above-mentioned potato seed beans relay interplanting planting, the soil nutrient detection process include with
Lower step:
1) sample:Choose potato Relay-planting soybean of the block area for 2-3 mus, by zigzag or it is snakelike be evenly distributed,
Stochastical sampling, sampling soil depth are 0-30cm;
2) detect:Pedotheque is air-dried, carries out pre-treatment, soil acidity or alkalinity, organic is detected using conventional method of analysis
Matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, the measure of soil acidity or alkalinity use pH meter, and the measure of organic matter uses dichromic acid
Potassium method, the measure of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen use alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method, and effective phosphorus yield extracts molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method using sodium acid carbonate, quick-acting
The measure of potassium is using ammonium acetate extraction flare photometer, to obtain test value.
Further, the fertilizing method of an above-mentioned potato seed beans relay interplanting planting, the fertilizer-matching process comprise the following steps:Root
According to pedotheque nutrient testing result and the related soil criteria for classifying, plot soil fertility is determined, with reference to potato to potash fertilizer, nitrogen
The characteristics of fertile uptake is big, and soybean is more sensitive to phosphate fertilizer (often produces 1000 kilograms of potatos, it is necessary to which absorbed nitrogen 4.8-6 is public
Jin, 1-3 kilograms of phosphorus, 10.3-13 kilograms of potassium;Often producing 100 kilograms of soybean needs 8.30 kilograms of nitrogen, 1.64 kilograms of phosphorus, potassium 3.72
Kilogram), it is reduced 30% applied nitrogen, fixed nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio is 1:1:0.5, carry out with fertilizer.
Further, the fertilizing method of an above-mentioned potato seed beans relay interplanting planting, the fertilising process comprise the following steps:Press
According to fertile ratio, organic fertilizer 100% is taken, phosphate fertilizer 100%, nitrogenous fertilizer 50%, potash fertilizer 70%, arable land ridging is combined as base manure and applies
Enter;Nitrogenous fertilizer 50%, potash fertilizer 30% are used as top dressing, in potato florescence Nitrogen Top Dressing 30%, potash fertilizer 15%;Imposed at the soybean florescence
Nitrogenous fertilizer 20%, potash fertilizer 15%.
Further, the fertilizing method of an above-mentioned potato seed beans relay interplanting planting, during the fertilising, in potato and greatly
Beans the middle and late growth stage, sprays 2-3 foliar fertilizer, and the foliar fertilizer includes calcium, magnesium, sulphur, zinc, manganese and boron.
Further, the fertilizing method of an above-mentioned potato seed beans relay interplanting planting, the potato beans interplanting cultivation include with
Lower step:Potato intercropping and interplanting soybean, band breadth 2m, potato, soybean use 1:1 constant amplitude is planted, 2 row Ma Ling of plantation in 1m width
Potato;In ridging, coating process, row spacing 80-100cm, the high 15-25cm in ridge, kind of a 2 row soybean, potato and soybean row are put down in 1m width
Away from 40cm, potato and soybean spacing 60cm.
The present invention forms root nodule based on legume and rhizobium and fixes atmospheric nitrogen so as to reduce the original of chemical nitrogen fertilizer input
Reason, for the nutrient uptake feature of potato and soybean, combined according to organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, the principle that base fertilizer, top dressing combine, base fertilizer
Based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer, top dressing carries out balance fertilizing based on inorganic fertilizer.The present invention makes full use of various nitrogens
Source, realize that nitrogenous fertilizer input matches with crop demand, make great efforts to reduce its environmental pollution while nitrogenous fertilizer production-increasing function is played.
The fertilizing method of potato seed beans relay interplanting planting provided by the invention, has the advantages that:
1st, promote potato, soybean yield-increasing, increase economic efficiency.By determining soil nutrient, potato and soybean are understood
To the demand of each nutrient, form root nodule using legume and rhizobium and fix atmospheric nitrogen so as to reduce chemical nitrogen fertilizer input
Principle, nitrogenous fertilizer be reduced 30% amount of application, fixed nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P2O5) potassium (K2O) ratio is 1:1:0.5, so as to obtain preferably
Yield and benefit, reach the purpose of increasing both production and income.
2nd, improved soil situation, culture fertility.Under potato Relay-planting soybean cultivation mode, fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, emphasize
By " based on organic fertilizer ", it is combined with supporting, can maintains or improve constantly for a long time soil fertility.
3rd, utilization rate of fertilizer is improved, is reduced environmental pollution.The present invention is primarily determined that by the experimental study of multiple years
The Northwest's potato Relay-planting soybean nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio and fertilizer applications, utilization rate of fertilizer is improved, reduce fertilizer volatilization and stream
Lose, mitigate the accumulation to groundwater azotate and pollution of area source, so as to protect the ecological balance, maintain the sustainable development of agricultural
Exhibition.
4th, nutrition, controlling crop diseases and insect pests are regulated and controled.The fertilizing method can regulate and control nitrogen nutrition, enhancing phosphorus, potassium and micro
The deliverability of element, each breeding time nutrient demand of crop can be met, reach Balance Absorption, strengthen crop anti-adversity ability, and
Partial quality can be improved.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of potato beans relay interplanting planting pattern.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Decrement applies the influence that nitrogen covers crop yield under operation mode to potato beans:
Test site:Village is sought in Gansu along yellow irrigated area Baiyin City Huining County Guo cities and towns llama.
Test the time:2013.
Cropping pattern:Early cropping potato Relay-planting soybean.
Test ground foundation nutrient:Organic matter 1.26%, full nitrogen 1.94g/kg, full phosphorus 1.61g/kg, full potassium 12.31g/kg,
Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 61.25g/kg, available phosphorus 15.29g/kg, available potassium 158.4g/kg.
Testing program:Experiment sets 4 processing, and respectively CK (does not apply fertilizer), CN (habits fertilization, N:14kg/ mus, P2O5:
10kg/ mus;All fertilizer Base-appling onces), OPT (soil measurement formula fertilization recommendation, N:24kg/ mus, P2O5:20kg/ mus, K2O:
8kg/ mus, organic fertilizer:1500kg/ mus;Phosphorus, potash fertilizer and organic fertilizer 100%, nitrogenous fertilizer 60% are used as base manure, and the florescence of nitrogenous fertilizer 40% chases after
Apply), RN (fertilizer applications of the present invention, i.e., according to soil measurement formula nitrogenous fertilizer decrement 30%, (N) phosphorus (P2O5) potassium (K2O) ratio is 1:1:
0.5, respectively N:16.8kg/ mus, P2O5:16.8kg/ mus, K2O:8.4kg/ mus, organic fertilizer:1500kg/ mus;Organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer
100%, potash fertilizer 70%, the base of nitrogenous fertilizer 50% is applied, and potash fertilizer 30%, nitrogenous fertilizer 50% imposes in potato and soybean florescence respectively)
Result of the test:
As shown in Table 1, CK, CN handle Potato yield compared with the OPT processing underproduction 31.09% and 16.48% respectively, and locate
Difference reaches the level of signifiance (P between reason<0.05), illustrate that OPT processing effect of increasing production is obvious.RN processing handles the underproduction compared with OPT
1.89%, the not notable (P of difference between processing>0.05).Table 1 is shown as interplanting potato yield under different disposal.
Table 1
As shown in Table 2, the lower soybean yields of CK, CN processing is compared with the OPT processing underproduction 41.83% and 30.97% respectively, and handles
Between difference reach the level of signifiance (P<0.05), illustrate that OPT processing effect of increasing production is obvious.RN processing increases production 9.02% compared with OPT processing,
But not notable (the P of difference between handling>0.05).Table 2 is shown as interplanting soybean yields under different disposal.
Table 2
In summary, RN fertilizer treatments (fertilizer applications of the present invention) nitrogenous fertilizer on the basis of soil measurement formula fertilization recommendation is reduced
30%, (N) phosphorus (P2O5) potassium (K2O) ratio is 1:1:0.5.Organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer 100%, potash fertilizer 70%, the base of nitrogenous fertilizer 50% are applied,
Potash fertilizer 30%, nitrogenous fertilizer 50% is little to Intercropping Potato yield effect respectively under conditions of potato and soybean florescence impose,
Compared with the OPT only underproduction 1.89%, and Relay-planting soybean is compared with OPT volume increase 9.02%, illustrate OPT handle in nitrogen, phosphorus amount it is higher, fertilizer is applied
Dosage exceedes the demand of crop, causes fertilizer utilization efficiency not high and environmental pollution.Therefore, under this experimental condition, at RN
Manage as optimal fertilizer applications.
Finally it should be noted that:The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (5)
1. the fertilizing method of a potato seed beans relay interplanting planting, it is characterised in that include soil nutrient detection, with fertilizer, fertilising and potato
Step is cultivated in beans interplanting;The soil nutrient detection process comprises the following steps:
1) sample:Potato Relay-planting soybean of the block area for 2-3 mus is chosen, by zigzag or snakelike is evenly distributed, at random
Sampling, sampling soil depth is 0-30cm;
2) detect:Pedotheque is air-dried and carries out pre-treatment, detection soil acidity or alkalinity, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting
Potassium, the measure of soil acidity or alkalinity use pH meter, and the measure of organic matter uses potassium dichromate method, and the measure of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen uses alkali
Diffusion method is solved, effective phosphorus yield is extracted using sodium acid carbonate extraction molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, the measure of available potassium using ammonium acetate
Flare photometer, obtain test value.
2. the fertilizing method of potato seed beans relay interplanting planting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fertilizer-matching process bag
Include following steps:According to pedotheque nutrient testing result and the related soil criteria for classifying, plot soil fertility is determined, with reference to horse
The characteristics of bell potato is big to potash fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer absorption amount, and soybean is more sensitive to phosphate fertilizer, 30% applied nitrogen of decrement, fixed nitrogen,
Phosphorus, potassium ratio are 1:1:0.5, carry out with fertilizer.
3. the fertilizing method of potato seed beans relay interplanting planting according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the fertilising process bag
Include following steps:According to fertile ratio, organic fertilizer 100%, phosphate fertilizer 100%, nitrogenous fertilizer 50%, potash fertilizer 70%, as base manure knot are taken
Arable land ridging is closed to apply;Nitrogenous fertilizer 50%, potash fertilizer 30% are used as top dressing, in potato florescence Nitrogen Top Dressing 30%, potash fertilizer 15%;
Soybean florescence Nitrogen Top Dressing 20%, potash fertilizer 15%.
4. the fertilizing method of potato seed beans relay interplanting planting according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the fertilising process
In, in potato and soybean the middle and late growth stage, 2-3 foliar fertilizer is sprayed, the foliar fertilizer includes calcium, magnesium, sulphur, zinc, manganese and boron.
5. the fertilizing method of potato seed beans relay interplanting planting according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the potato beans interplanting is planted
Training process comprises the following steps:Potato intercropping and interplanting soybean, band breadth 2m, potato, soybean use 1:1 constant amplitude is planted, 1m width
2 row potatos of interior plantation;In ridging, coating process, row spacing 80-100cm, the high 15-25cm in ridge, kind of a 2 row soybean, horse are put down in 1m width
Bell potato and soybean line-spacing 40cm, potato and soybean spacing 60cm.
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CN111848308B (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2022-04-19 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Saline-alkali soil soybean fertilizer and fertilizing method for improving nutrient efficiency of saline-alkali soil soybeans |
CN112772328B (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2022-04-08 | 南京农业大学 | Potato-common vetch intercropping method under regulation and control of water and fertilizer for ensuring stable yield and high quality of potatoes and simultaneously fertilizing soil |
CN113615522B (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2022-10-11 | 江苏省农业科学院 | High-yield high-efficiency low-non-point source pollution risk fertilization management technology for chives |
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