CN104115662B - The light simple cultivation method of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency - Google Patents
The light simple cultivation method of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to wheat cultivating method, be specially the soil moisture conservation of a kind of comprehensive utilization Wheat-straw mulching, plough deeply the adjustment of cultivated time, fertilizer application mode changes, proper seeding, cooperation suppression in spring rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation and later stage " spray three is anti-" technical measures the light simple cultivation method of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency, solve existing intensive cultivation cost higher, yield poorly and shakiness and be not suitable for the problem of mechanized farming.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wheat cultivating method, be specially the soil moisture conservation of a kind of comprehensive utilization Wheat-straw mulching, plough deeply the adjustment of cultivated time, fertilizer application mode changes, proper seeding, cooperation suppression in spring rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation and later stage " one spray three anti-" technical measures the light simple cultivation method of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency.
Background technology
Dry land wheat occupies critical role in China's Wheat Production, nearly 100,000,000 mu of cultivated area.Traditional dry land wheat culture technique mainly relies on repeatedly intensive cultivation, meticulous field management to realize.Specific as follows:
One be by control land reform soil water conservation, volt phase " four early more than three " farming, wheat growth stage repeatedly intertilling hoe draw rake a kind of farm tools, increasing the volt phase receives rain and stores moisture in the soil, reduces water consumption, realizes dry land wheat high and stable yields and cultivate.The feature of this technology is repeatedly cultivated intensely the volt phase, coordinates field precision management, make soil many water storage 20.3mm, wheat increase yield 5%-7% in 200cm.
Two is by increasing the p application rate, culture fertility, coordinates intensive cultivation, retains and conserve soil moisture, and realizes dry land wheat high and stable yields.Namely the phase of lying prostrate ploughs shallowly vegetable soil in time, and stubble-cleaning eliminates weeds early, reduces evaporation and receives rainwater; The leisure volt phase ploughs deeply cultivated more early better; Sow with a drill (shallow plowing) rake to combine, receive moisture in the soil soil moisture conservation; Before wheat cultivation, thin plough carefully harrows a kind of farm tools, limit plough side drag a kind of farm tools; Increasing the p application rate during sowing, adjusts fertile with water, with fertile water lift, breeding time, many hoes waited measure; Storage capacity in 200cm is made to increase by 3.4%, wheat increase yield about 5%.
Work along with the raising of Wheat Production mechanization degree and large quantities of rural laborer go down town, dry land wheat results, farming, way to manage all change.The intensive cultivation of tradition animal power, the many rakes of many ploughs, soil moisture conservation stores moisture in the soil tillage system reform and cannot realize.Production cost of simultaneously repeatedly cultivating intensely is high, and dry land wheat yields poorly and unstable, and planting benefit is low.Therefore, peasant is unwilling to drop into more production cost and labour, causes Upland Wheat Field farming extensive, volt phase storage capacity reduces, and wheat growth stage can be few by soil moisture, nurturing staff difficulty, yield poorly and unstable, planting benefit reduces, and affects national food security.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is higher in order to solve existing intensive cultivation cost, yields poorly and unstable and be not suitable for the problem of mechanized farming, provides the light simple cultivation method of a kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: the light simple cultivation method of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency, stubble height 25cm-30cm when employing following steps: a, wheat mechanical harvest, and wheat straw all evenly goes back field, and also field amount is at 170kg-350kg/ mu; B, plough deeply cultivated 28cm-30cm August 5 to August 23, when ploughing deeply cultivated, apply the diammonium phosphate containing phosphorus pentoxide 7.0kg-8.0kg/ mu or MAP chemical fertilizer; After c, harvesting wheat to plough deeply plough before, when wheat weeds coverage rate reaches 10%-15%, timely weeding; To plough deeply after ploughing to wheat cultivation first 10 days, when weeds coverage rate reaches 5%-8%, timely weeding; D, the capsuled seed of seed purity >=99%, cleanliness >=98.0%, germination rate >=85.0% is selected to sow; E, the sowing when daily mean temperature 15.5 DEG C-18.0 DEG C, the amount of broadcasting 8.0kg-10.0kg/ mu; Before f, rotary tillage sowing suppression, spread fertilizer over the fields urea 16.5kg-18.5kg/ mu, rotary tillage degree of depth 14cm-16cm, sowing depth 4.0cm-5.0cm; In after planting 2 days, sow with the rotary tillage of raking of domestic animal power or manpower the rib stayed; G, wheat emerge after 40-50 days, or spring in the coming year mean temperature of air higher than before 5 DEG C to wheat jointing, when weeds in field density reaches 20-30 strain/m2, chemical weed control; H, spring in the coming year, if 0-30cm plow layer table soil water content is greater than 10.0%, and the soil of earth's surface 4-5cm thaws, and the soil moisture conservation of rake a kind of farm tools is insulted on top, promotes to turn green; If when 0-30cm topsoil table soil water content is less than 10%, and when the soil of earth's surface 18cm-20cm thaws, suppress once with wheat field roller or stone roller, then rake a kind of farm tools is insulted one time in top, proposes moisture in the soil soil moisture conservation; I, when single file two spotted spider mite reaches 600-650 head/m or individual plant has worm to reach 6, when sunny calm 9-12 or 16-18 time, select abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, Dicofol emulsion or omethoate emulsifiable solution spray control; When hundred strain wheat aphids reach 500-550 head, with imidacloprid wettable powder, abamectin emulsifiable concentrate or Aphox wetting powder spraying control; Dosing is in strict accordance with operation instruction; J, April 20, according to damage by disease and insect, a situation arises to May 15, and by insecticide, bactericide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or foliage fertilizer mixing foliar spray, interval 10d sprays once again; K, wheat cured ripe latter stage, timely mechanical harvest.
Wheat mechanical harvest of the present invention stays wheat stubble height, Straw Weight of Wheat Return, plough deeply the cultivated time, fertilizer application mode, cornfield herbicidal requirement, the requirement such as sowing time and field management, it is all the scientific conclusion that many years of field test and practice obtain, selecting of this range specifications, increase storage capacity effective, fertilizer and hydrometeor type high, be easy to build dry land wheat yielding Populations breeding time, it is a kind of light letter, high yield, efficient dry land wheat Technical system, overcome existing intensive cultivation cost higher, to yield poorly and unstable and be not suitable for the problem of mechanized farming.
The concrete steps of step e are as follows: when height above sea level in the >=nonirrigated farmland of 750m, daily mean temperature 17.0 DEG C-18.0 DEG C time sowing, the amount of broadcasting 9.0kg-10.0kg/ mu; When height above sea level in the nonirrigated farmland of 500m-750m, daily mean temperature 16.0 DEG C-17.0 DEG C time sowing time, the amount of broadcasting 8.5kg-9.5kg/ mu; When height above sea level is lower than the nonirrigated farmland of 500m, sow during daily mean temperature 15.5 DEG C-16.5 DEG C, the amount of broadcasting 8.0kg-9.0kg/ mu.
The present invention significantly increases the water-storage capacity of 0-200cm soil, and plough deeply cultivated comparing than the morning of the 6-7 month, during wheat cultivation, storage capacity increases 20.2mm-58.7mm, amplification 4.78%-14.10%; Execute phosphate fertilizer when ploughing deeply cultivated, nitrogen fertilizer application during sowing, nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer this season availability improve 3.58%-5.69% and 1.86%-3.93%; Changing tradition early sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil is proper seeding, and grain yield water use efficiency improves 1.25-3.36kg/hm
2mm; Dry land wheat per unit area yield is made to improve 6.98%-10.27%.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
The light simple cultivation method of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency, stubble height 25cm-28cm when employing following steps: a, wheat mechanical harvest, and wheat straw all evenly goes back field, also field amount 170kg-180kg/ mu; B, plough deeply cultivated 28cm-30cm August 5, when ploughing deeply cultivated, apply the diammonium phosphate containing phosphorus pentoxide 7.0kg/ mu; C, July 25 days, when wheat weeds coverage rate reaches 11.3%, with 20% paraquat aqua 200mL/ mu to water 40kg spraying chemical weed control; D, the capsuled seed of seed purity >=99%, cleanliness >=98.0%, germination rate >=85.0% is selected to sow; E, the sowing when daily mean temperature is at 16.0 DEG C-17.0 DEG C, the amount of broadcasting 8.5kg-9.5kg/ mu; Before f, rotary tillage sowing suppression, spread fertilizer over the fields urea 17.0kg/ mu, rotary tillage degree of depth 14cm-15cm, sowing depth 4.0cm-5.0cm; On the after planting same day, sow with manpower rotary tillage of raking the rib stayed; G, wheat are emerged latter 40 days, and weeds in field density has reached 26 strains/m2, with 2, the 4-D butyl ester missible oil 45mL/ mus of 72%, spray, eliminate broad leaved weed to water 25kg; H, February 12 coming year, the soil moisture content measuring earth's surface 0-30cm is 10.0%, and the soil of earth's surface 4cm-5cm thaws, and the soil moisture conservation of rake a kind of farm tools is insulted on top, promotes to turn green; I, investigation on April 3, two spotted spider mite reaches 600/m, when sunny calm 16-18, with 20% Dicofol emulsion 25mL/ mu, sprays prevent and treat water 40kg; May 8 was investigated, and hundred strain wheat aphids reach 531, with imidacloprid wettable powder spraying control; Dosing is in strict accordance with operation instruction; J, April 20, according to damage by disease and insect, a situation arises to May 15, and by insecticide, bactericide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or foliage fertilizer mixed atomizing, interval 10d sprays once again; K, wheat cured ripe latter stage, timely mechanical harvest.
The concrete steps of step e are as follows: in the nonirrigated farmland of height above sea level 662m, and during daily mean temperature 16.0 DEG C-17.0 DEG C, on September 27 to 30 was sowed, the amount of broadcasting 8.5kg-9.5kg/ mu.
September 26, measure storage capacity in 0-200cm, than ploughing deeply cultivated many water storage 20.2mm(aluminium box oven drying method on July 15), amplification 4.78%; Nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer this season utilization ratio improve 3.58% and 2.01% respectively than traditional fertilization mode; Grain yield water use efficiency improves 1.25kg/hm than sowing on September 20
2mm; Comparatively conventional cultivation technology on average increases production 13.2kg/ mu, amplification 9.38%, calculates, can increase income 29.0 yuan/mu by wheat 2.2 yuan/kg.
embodiment 2
The light simple cultivation method of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency, stubble height 28cm-30cm when employing following steps: a, wheat mechanical harvest, and wheat straw all evenly goes back field, also field amount is at 250kg-270kg/ mu; B, plough deeply cultivated 28cm-30cm August 15, when ploughing deeply cultivated, apply the diammonium phosphate containing phosphorus pentoxide 8.0kg/ mu; C, July 27 days, when wheat weeds coverage rate reaches 10%, with 10% gyphosate solution 500mL/ mu, water 35kg atomization is removed; D, the capsuled seed of seed purity >=99%, cleanliness >=98.0%, germination rate >=85.0% is selected to sow; E, the sowing when daily mean temperature 16 DEG C-17 DEG C, the amount of broadcasting 9.0kg-10.0kg/ mu; Before f, rotary tillage sowing suppression, spread fertilizer over the fields urea 16.5kg/ mu, rotary tillage degree of depth 14cm-15cm, sowing depth 4.0cm-5.0cm; After planting 2 days, sow with the rotary tillage of raking of domestic animal power the rib stayed; G, wheat are emerged latter 50 days, and weeds in field density has reached 30 strains/m2, with the tribenuron-methyl wetting powder 10g/ mu of 10%, spray, eliminate broad leaved weed to water 30kg; H, spring in the coming year, when the soil moisture content of earth's surface 0-30cm is 8.5%, when the soil of earth's surface more than 19cm-20cm thaws, with stone roller town once, then rake a kind of farm tools one time is insulted on top, proposes moisture in the soil soil moisture conservation; I, when single file two spotted spider mite reaches 613/m, when sunny calm 9-12, select 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 15mL/ mu, water 40kg is sprayed control; When hundred strain wheat aphids reach 500, the same day is with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 2000 times of liquid, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 120g/ mu, to water 40kg mixed atomizing; J, April 20, according to damage by disease and insect, a situation arises to May 15, by insecticide, bactericide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or and foliage fertilizer mixed atomizing, interval 10d sprays once again; K, wheat cured ripe latter stage, timely mechanical harvest.
The concrete steps of step e are as follows: in the nonirrigated farmland of height above sea level 713m, and during daily mean temperature 16.0 DEG C-17.0 DEG C, on September 25 to 27 was sowed, the amount of broadcasting 8.5kg-9.5kg/ mu.
September 30, measure storage capacity in 0-200cm, than ploughing deeply cultivated many water storage 43.5mm(aluminium box oven drying method on July 10), amplification 10.68%; Nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer this season utilization ratio improve 5.69% and 1.86% respectively than traditional fertilization mode; Grain yield water use efficiency improves 3.36kg/hm than sowing on September 18
2mm; Comparatively conventional cultivation technology on average increases production 17.1kg/ mu, amplification 6.98%, calculates, can increase income 37.6 yuan/mu by wheat 2.2 yuan/kg.
embodiment 3
The light simple cultivation method of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency, stubble height 27cm-29cm when employing following steps: a, wheat mechanical harvest, and wheat straw all evenly goes back field, also field amount is at 340kg-350kg/ mu; B, plough deeply cultivated 29cm-30cm August 19, when ploughing deeply cultivated, apply the diammonium phosphate chemical fertilizer containing phosphorus pentoxide 8.0kg/ mu; C, July 20 days, when wheat weeds coverage rate reaches 15%, with 20% paraquat aqua 300mL/ mu, water 35kg atomization is removed; D, the capsuled seed of seed purity >=99%, cleanliness >=98.0%, germination rate >=85.0% is selected to sow; Sow when e, daily mean temperature 15.5 DEG C-16.5 DEG C, the amount of broadcasting 8.0kg-9.0kg/ mu; Before f, rotary tillage sowing suppression, spread fertilizer over the fields urea 18.5kg/ mu, rotary tillage degree of depth 14cm-15cm, sowing depth 4.0cm-5.0cm; After planting 1 day, sow with the rotary tillage of raking of domestic animal power the rib stayed; G, wheat are emerged latter 45 days, and weeds in field density has reached 20 strains/m2, with the tribenuron-methyl wetting powder 10g/ mu of 10%, spray, eliminate broad leaved weed to water 30kg; H, spring in the coming year, when the soil moisture content of earth's surface 0-30cm is 12.5%, the soil of earth's surface 4cm-5cm thaws, and the soil moisture conservation of rake a kind of farm tools is insulted on top, promotes to turn green; I, when single file two spotted spider mite reaches 632/m, when sunny calm 9-12, with 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution 60mL/ mu, to water 40kg spray control; When hundred strain wheat aphids reach 509, the same day with 50% Aphox wetting powder 8g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g/ mu, to water 40kg mixed atomizing; J, April 20, according to damage by disease and insect, a situation arises to May 15, and by insecticide, bactericide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and foliage fertilizer mixed atomizing, interval 10d sprays once again; K, wheat cured ripe latter stage, timely mechanical harvest.
The concrete steps of step e are as follows: in the nonirrigated farmland of height above sea level 493m, daily mean temperature 15.5 DEG C-16.5 DEG C time, September 29 to October 2 sow, the amount of broadcasting 8.0kg-9.0kg/ mu.
October 1, measure storage capacity in 0-200cm, than ploughing deeply cultivated many water storage 58.7mm(aluminium box oven drying method on July 13), amplification 14.10%; Nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer this season utilization ratio improve 5.52% and 3.93% respectively than traditional fertilization mode; Grain yield water use efficiency improves 3.19kg/hm than sowing on September 18
2mm; Comparatively conventional cultivation technology on average increases production 31.9kg/ mu, amplification 10.27%, calculates, can increase income 70.2 yuan/mu by wheat 2.2 yuan/kg.
embodiment 4
The light simple cultivation method of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency, stubble height 26cm-30cm when employing following steps: a, wheat mechanical harvest, and wheat straw all evenly goes back field, also field amount is at 270kg-280kg/ mu; B, plough deeply cultivated 28cm-30cm August 20, when ploughing deeply cultivated, apply the MAP chemical fertilizer containing phosphorus pentoxide 7.5kg/ mu; C, July 19 days, when wheat weeds coverage rate reaches 10.7%, with 20% paraquat aqua 200mL/ mu, water 40kg atomization is removed; D, the capsuled seed of seed purity >=99%, cleanliness >=98.0%, germination rate >=85.0% is selected to sow; Sow when e, daily mean temperature 16.0 DEG C-17.0 DEG C, the amount of broadcasting 8.5kg-9.5kg/ mu; Before f, rotary tillage sowing suppression, spread fertilizer over the fields urea 18.0kg/ mu, rotary tillage degree of depth 14cm-15cm, sowing depth 4.0cm-5.0cm; On the after planting same day, sow with manpower rotary tillage of raking the rib stayed; G, wheat are emerged latter 47 days, and weeds in field density has reached 29 strains/m2, with 2, the 4-D butyl ester missible oil 45mL/ mus of 72%, spray, eliminate broad leaved weed to water 30kg; H, spring in the coming year, when the soil moisture content of earth's surface 0-30cm is 12%, the soil of earth's surface 4cm-5cm thaws, and the soil moisture conservation of rake a kind of farm tools is insulted on top, promotes to turn green; I, when single file two spotted spider mite reaches 613/m, when sunny calm 16-18, with 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution 60mL/ mu, to water 40kg spray control; When hundred strain wheat aphids reach 504, the same day with 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution 120mL/ mu and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 120g/ mu, to water 40kg mixed atomizing; J, April 20, according to damage by disease and insect, a situation arises to May 15, and by insecticide, bactericide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or foliage fertilizer mixed atomizing, interval 10d sprays once again; K, wheat cured ripe latter stage, timely mechanical harvest.
The concrete steps of step e are as follows: the nonirrigated farmland of height above sea level 556m, and during daily mean temperature 16.0 DEG C-17.0 DEG C, on September 28 to 30 was sowed, the amount of broadcasting 8.5kg-9.5kg/ mu.
September 28, measure storage capacity in 0-200cm, than ploughing deeply cultivated many water storage 37.8mm(aluminium box oven drying method on July 16), amplification 9.87%; Nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer this season utilization ratio improve 4.86% and 3.651% respectively than traditional fertilization mode; Grain yield water use efficiency improves 2.68kg/hm than sowing on September 22
2mm; Comparatively conventional cultivation technology on average increases production 26.1kg/ mu, amplification 8.57%, calculates, can increase income 57.4 yuan/mu by wheat 2.2 yuan/kg.
In specific implementation process, by through 6 years wheat mechanical harvest stubble height, Straw Weight of Wheat Return, plough deeply the cultivated time, fallow field weeding, fertilizer application mode, date of seeding the amount of broadcasting, the research of way to manage etc. in spring to storage capacity, nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer this season availability, grain yield water use efficiency, yield effect in 0-200cm, obtain great number tested data and the conclusion that draws.
Wheat-straw mulching Water-saving effect is by toothing wheat straw and results wheat straw joint effect.Wheat straw stubble height and also field amount are tested with Water-saving effect and are shown: when wheat straw stubble height is less than 15cm, affect mechanical harvest and toothing wheat straw Water-saving effect is poor; During stubble height 15cm-30cm, the higher Water-saving effect of toothing is better, and less on the impact of results Wheat-straw mulching water conservation; When stubble height is greater than 30cm, results Straw Weight of Wheat Return is reduced, its Moisture conservation is deteriorated, and makes toothing wheat straw and cover the total Water-saving effect of wheat straw to reduce.Therefore, results wheat straw stubble height 25cm-30cm, total Water-saving effect is best.
Grain yield, wheat straw amount, the total Water-saving effect of wheat straw are closely related.Determine to plough deeply the cultivated time according to wheat straw Water-saving effect, reach Na Yu and water conservation optimum balance, increase storage capacity to greatest extent, for wheat growth stage provides more soil moisture.Result of the test shows, is: Y=1.3511X(R between dry land wheat grain yield and wheat straw amount
2=0.96) linear correlation, Y is wheat straw amount (kg/ mu), X is grain yield (kg/ mu); Between wheat straw amount and Wheat-straw mulching degree be: A=0.2017Y (R
2=0.93) linear correlation, A is Wheat-straw mulching degree (%), Y is wheat straw amount (kg/ mu); Wheat-straw mulching degree with plough deeply the cultivated time and be: the B=0.3639A+7 month 30 (R
2=0.89), B is for ploughing deeply the cultivated time (moon-), and A is Wheat-straw mulching degree (%), when namely Wheat-straw mulching degree is 0%, ploughs deeply cultivated rain of receiving on July 30 and stores moisture in the soil best results; When degree of straw cover is 50%, ploughs deeply 17-18 day in August to plough and receive rain to store moisture in the soil effect best.Therefore, grain yield is high, and Straw Weight of Wheat Return is many, and Water-saving effect is good, and suitably postpone and plough deeply the cultivated time, it is effective that rain of receiving stores moisture in the soil.
Plough deeply the cultivated time and receive rain and store moisture in the soil effect test.Within 2009, ploughing deeply the cultivated time is: July 19, August 8, August 23, September 7; 2010 and 2011: July 24, August 2, August 16, August 30 and September 14; 2012 and 2013: July 21, August 5, August 20, September 4 and September 19.Ploughing depth 25cm-30cm.27-28 in September day wheat cultivation same day, 5 methods measure storage capacity in 200cm, and often every 20cm earth boring auger samples 1, totally 50 soil samples; Aluminium box oven drying method measures water content, calculates the average water-storage capacity of soil in 0-200cm.Result of the test shows, 2009, and it is the highest that August 8 ploughed deeply storage capacity in cultivated 200cm; 2010 and 2011, it is the highest that August 16 ploughed deeply cultivated water-storage capacity; 2012 and 2013, it was the highest to plough water-storage capacity on August 20.Therefore, the beginning of autumn to the Limit of Heat (on August-23 on the 5th) ploughs deeply cultivated, and in 0-200cm, soil is received rain to store moisture in the soil effective, basically identical with above-mentioned equation model result.
Phosphorus is to enhancing drought resistance of wheat Be very effective.Phosphorus is mobile slow in soil, applies inequality, directly affects the absorption of wheat to phosphorus element, easily cause lack phosphorus seedling stage, affect nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer this season utilization ratio.Execute phosphate fertilizer when ploughing deeply cultivated, precipitation and rotary tillage can increase mobility, the uniformity and the deep layer abundance of phosphorus element in soil, improve wheat absorbing phosphorus element, strengthen Drought-resistance in Wheat anti-adversity ability, strengthen nitrogen phosphorus reciprocal effects, promote that wheat is to Nitrogen Absorption, improve nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer this season utilization ratio.Result shows, executes phosphorus when ploughing deeply cultivated, executes nitrogen during sowing, comparatively applies the nitrogenous fertilizer of nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer during sowing, phosphate fertilizer this season availability improves 3.58%-5.69%, 1.86%-3.93%.
It is fast that volt phase wheatland meets rain weed growth, and a large amount of use up soil nutrienst and moisture, make storage capacity reduce.Test shows, weeds coverage rate lower than 5% time, weeds are little, and transpiration water consumption is few, on storage capacity substantially without impact; During weeds coverage rate 5%-10%, improving transpiration water consumption with weeds coverage rate slowly increases, relatively little on storage capacity impact; During weeds coverage rate 10%-15%, improving transpiration water consumption with weeds coverage rate increases fast, significantly reduces storage capacity, should weeding in time.
Date of seeding, the amount of broadcasting directly affected soil water consumption and grain yield.Result of the test shows: the dry land wheat of south, Shanxi Province height above sea level 500m-700m, in daily mean temperature 16.0 DEG C-17.0 DEG C sowings, than daily mean temperature 18 DEG C-19 DEG C sowings, can increase production wheat 6.98%-8.13%, grain yield water use efficiency improves 1.25-2.89kg/hm
2mm; Height above sea level is greater than the dry land wheat of 700m, in mean temperature of air 17 DEG C-18 DEG C sowings, than mean temperature of air 18 DEG C-19 DEG C sowings, can increase production wheat 7.10%-10.15%; Grain yield water use efficiency improves 1.98-3.36kg/hm
2mm; The dry land wheat that height above sea level is less than 500, in mean temperature of air 16.5 DEG C-17.5 DEG C sowings, than mean temperature of air 18 DEG C-19 DEG C sowings, can increase production wheat 7.35%-10.27%; Grain yield water use efficiency improves 1.46-2.91kg/hm
2mm.
When spring in the coming year, earth's surface started to thaw, when 0-30cm soil moisture content is greater than 10%, harrow a kind of farm tools when 4-5cm is melted on earth's surface, melt about 20cm harrow a kind of farm tools than not harrowing a kind of farm tools and earth's surface, in wheat period of seedling establishment 0-30cm, soil moisture content improves 1.13%-1.64% and 0.64%-0.73%.When 0-30cm soil moisture content is less than 10%, 4-5cm is melted on earth's surface, and to harrow the Water-saving effect of a kind of farm tools poor, suppression can be taked to put forward moisture in the soil and promote that wheat is turned green, earth's surface thaw 20cm time, within after suppressing one time 96 hours, measure, 10-20cm and 20-30cm soil layer soil moisture ratio does not suppress raising 1.81% and 0.98%.
Dry land wheat high-yield high-efficiency cultivation core increases storage capacity, minimizing soil moisture effective consumption, improves natural precipitation utilization ratio.The light simple culture technique of dry land wheat " three change " high-yield and high-efficiency, during wheat cultivation, in 0-200cm, storage capacity increases 20.2mm-58.7mm, nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer this season availability improves 3.58%-5.69%, 1.86%-3.93%, grain yield water use efficiency improves 1.25-3.36kg/hm
2mm, volume increase wheat 13.2kg-31.9kg/ mu, amplification 6.98%-10.27%.Decrease farming number of times simultaneously, do not increase the means of agricultural production and drop into.Therefore, the present invention is under current cropping system, and saving of work and time is laborsaving, the dry land wheat culture technique of the light letter of cost-saving synergistic, high-yield and high-efficiency.
Claims (2)
1. the light simple cultivation method of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency, is characterized in that: stubble height 25cm-30cm when employing following steps: a, wheat mechanical harvest, and wheat straw all evenly goes back field, and also field amount is at 170kg-350kg/ mu; B, plough deeply cultivated 28cm-30cm August 5 to August 23, when ploughing deeply cultivated, apply the diammonium phosphate containing phosphorus pentoxide 7.0kg-8.0kg/ mu or MAP chemical fertilizer; After c, harvesting wheat to plough deeply plough before, when wheat weeds coverage rate reaches 10%-15%, timely weeding; To plough deeply after ploughing to wheat cultivation first 10 days, when weeds coverage rate reaches 5%-8%, timely weeding; D, the capsuled seed of seed purity >=99%, cleanliness >=98.0%, germination rate >=85.0% is selected to sow; E, the sowing when daily mean temperature 15.5 DEG C-18.0 DEG C, the amount of broadcasting 8.0kg-10.0kg/ mu; Before f, rotary tillage sowing suppression, spread fertilizer over the fields urea 16.5kg-18.5kg/ mu, rotary tillage degree of depth 14cm-16cm, sowing depth 4.0cm-5.0cm; In after planting 2 days, sow with the rotary tillage of raking of domestic animal power or manpower the rib stayed; G, wheat emerge after 40-50 days, or spring in the coming year mean temperature of air higher than before 5 DEG C to wheat jointing, when weeds in field density reaches 20-30 strain/m2, chemical weed control; H, spring in the coming year, if 0-30cm plow layer table soil water content is greater than 10.0%, and the soil of earth's surface 4-5cm thaws, and the soil moisture conservation of rake a kind of farm tools is insulted on top, promotes to turn green; If when 0-30cm topsoil table soil water content is less than 10%, and when the soil of earth's surface 18cm-20cm thaws, suppress once with wheat field roller or stone roller, then rake a kind of farm tools is insulted one time in top, proposes moisture in the soil soil moisture conservation; I, when single file two spotted spider mite reaches 600-650 head/m or individual plant has worm to reach 6, when sunny calm 9-12 or 16-18 time, select abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, Dicofol emulsion or omethoate emulsifiable solution spray control; When hundred strain wheat aphids reach 500-550 head, with imidacloprid wettable powder, abamectin emulsifiable concentrate or Aphox wetting powder spraying control; Dosing is in strict accordance with operation instruction; J, April 20, according to damage by disease and insect, a situation arises to May 15, and by insecticide, bactericide or foliage fertilizer mixing foliar spray, interval 10d sprays once again; K, wheat cured ripe latter stage, timely mechanical harvest.
2. the light simple cultivation method of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the concrete steps of step e are as follows: when height above sea level in the >=nonirrigated farmland of 750m, daily mean temperature 17.0 DEG C-18.0 DEG C time sowing, the amount of broadcasting 9.0kg-10.0kg/ mu; When height above sea level in the nonirrigated farmland of 500m-750m, daily mean temperature 16.0 DEG C-17.0 DEG C time sowing time, the amount of broadcasting 8.5kg-9.5kg/ mu; When height above sea level is lower than the nonirrigated farmland of 500m, sow during daily mean temperature 15.5 DEG C-16.5 DEG C, the amount of broadcasting 8.0kg-9.0kg/ mu.
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| CN104584810A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-05-06 | 陈兴庆 | High-quality high-output farming season wheat cultivation method |
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| CN110291944A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-10-01 | 临沂市农业科学院 | A kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation method |
| CN110367064A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-10-25 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | A kind of nonirrigated farmland wheat crops intersection miscegenation cultural method |
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| CN103053308B (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2015-09-16 | 甘肃农业大学 | One grow wheat high-stubble harvesting straw-returning multiple cropping intensive shadow on lung production method |
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| CN103688723B (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-17 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Winter wheat drought-resisting transpiration-resisting yield increasing method |
| CN103718812B (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2017-07-07 | 董金锋 | A kind of wheat high-yield cultivation method |
| CN103798034B (en) * | 2014-01-25 | 2016-08-17 | 山西省农业科学院谷子研究所 | Wheat and corn bi-annual planting mechanization interplanting method |
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