CN103688723B - Winter wheat drought-resisting transpiration-resisting yield increasing method - Google Patents
Winter wheat drought-resisting transpiration-resisting yield increasing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103688723B CN103688723B CN201310697363.0A CN201310697363A CN103688723B CN 103688723 B CN103688723 B CN 103688723B CN 201310697363 A CN201310697363 A CN 201310697363A CN 103688723 B CN103688723 B CN 103688723B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a winter wheat drought-resisting transpiration-resisting yield increasing method which includes the following steps that A. winter wheat is sown in the mode that four identical small line widths are 15cm respectively, a large line width is 20cm, and the sowing density is 300 particle/m<2>; B. watering is conducted in the jointing stage of the winter wheat with the water quantity as 54m<3>/mu, watering is not required in other growth periods, the fertilizer application quantity is consistent with that of local farmers, namely base fertilizer diammonium hydrogen phosphate is applied according to the ratio of 70 kilo/mu, and the application amount of the urea is 30 kilo/mu; C. fulvic acid is sprayed to the surfaces of leaves of the winter wheat in the heading stage, the dilution ratio is that the ratio of 8% commodity fulvic acid and water is 1: 1000, and the field application amount is 6.7L/mu; D. abscisic acid is sprayed on the surfaces of the leaves of the winter wheat in the grouting preliminary stage, the dilution ratio is that the mass ratio of 90% commodity abscisic acid and water is 1: 30000, and the field application amount is 6.7L/mu. According to the method, the planting mode of four-thick-one-dense of the winter wheat is selected, and the shortcoming that thick planting irrigation of the wheat is large in water amount is overcome to some extent by means of combination of the irrigation mode and transpiration-resisting agent spraying and by means of the sowing mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the anti-rising method for increasing of a kind of winter wheat drought resisting, belong to agricultural plantation technology field.
Background technology
Along with shortage of water resources problem is day by day serious, one of arid key constraints becoming increases in grain production.In agricultural production, lack of water can cause winter wheat yields to reduce and quality declines.Such as, arid occurs in (bloom front 20-30 days or spend latter 10 days) before and after flowering stage and can reduce Spike Grain Number of Winter Wheat and grain weight.Causing the main cause of the underproduction to be the reaction comparatively general under drought stress of winter wheat is reduce transpiration water consumption by closed pore, but stomatal closure limits CO simultaneously
2fix and photosynthetic process.Therefore increasing researcher starts to pay close attention to the effect of stomatal conductivity in the luxurious transpiration of balance with carbon assimilation, ites is desirable to find feasible method to improve winter wheat drought-resistant ability and water use efficiency.Wherein, spraying antitranspirant prevention winter wheat surface moisture lost is the comparatively effective solution of one, has easy and simple to handle and feature that is instant effect.Research display, sprays antitranspirant to multiple field crop and can improve its leaf water potential, survival rate of plant and output.
In antitranspirant field, research emphasis mostly concentrate on new varieties research and development and have the kind scope of application, dosage grope aspect further, although this research mode is conducive to new product proceed to production application sooner, the research of occupation mode of forming a complete and comprehensive system for collecting real estate fees between the different antitranspirant product of shorter mention.There is difference antitranspirant product the stressing in mechanism of action, effect released in recent years and each tool advantage more.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to inquire into one comprises from winter wheat sowing, irrigation and Different growth phases combinationally use the integrated approach of antitranspirant, set up the method that combinationally uses and the index system that comprise multiple antitranspirant product, dissimilar and antitranspirant that is concentration is sprayed at different bearing stage characteristic for winter wheat, to improve water use efficiency, reach combating drought and raising yields object.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that the anti-rising method for increasing of this winter wheat drought resisting, comprises the steps:
A, winter wheat adopt four equal narrow rows apart from 15cm, and add the pattern sowing of 1 wide line-spacing 20cm, thickness of sowing is 300/m
2;
B, to water 54m in the winter wheat shooting stage
3/ mu, other breeding times no longer separately water, and fertilizing amount and local peasant household are consistent, and namely apply fertilizer to the subsoil diammonium hydrogen phosphate 70 pounds/acre, 30 pounds/acre, urea.
C, at winter wheat foliage-spray at heading stage fulvic acid, extension rate: 8% commodity fulvic acid is 1: 1000 with water quality ratio, field amount of application is 6.7L/ mu;
D, Grain Filling Characters of Winter Wheat initial stage foliage-spray abscisic acid, extension rate: the commodity abscisic acid of 90% and the mass ratio of water are 1: 30000, and field amount of application is 6.7L/ mu.
It is live that seeding method in the anti-rising method for increasing of described winter wheat drought resisting described in steps A pastes stubble after being applicable to Mai Long interplanting or wheat.
Containing N16% in diammonium hydrogen phosphate in the anti-rising method for increasing of described winter wheat drought resisting described in step B, containing P
2o
546%, containing N≤46.4% in urea.
In the anti-rising method for increasing of described winter wheat drought resisting, step C sprays when fulvic acid or step D spray abscisic acid and selects the fine day calm dusk, need respray one time if spray to meet to drench with rain for latter 6 hours.
Abscisic acid is as plant endogenous hormones, a series of physiological reaction resisting drought stress can be caused, can also promote starch and polysaccharose substance synthesis, test sprays abscisic acid under confirming drought condition and can promote plant under ground portion dry-matter accumulation and improve drought resistance in plants; Fulvic acid is as the similar thing of a kind of auximone, the normal photosynthesis of crop can be maintained by improving crop activities of antioxidant enzymes, promote plant strain growth, and fulvic acid has entered as a kind of antitranspirant and has commercially produced the application stage, after Chinese Arid&semi-arid area winter wheat is used on a large scale, achieve good combating drought and raising yields effect, cost is also comparatively cheap.The present invention, by having complementary advantages at winter wheat Different growth phases two kinds of antitranspirants, under the prerequisite ensureing winter wheat " four close one rare " effect of increasing production, solves to a certain extent due to the larger shortcoming of wheat dense planting irrigation requirement, finally reaches combating drought and raising yields.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is winter wheat Non-Structural Carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation comparison diagram at heading stage
Shown in Fig. 1, heading stage select different plot winter wheat use respectively fulvic acid, abscisic acid and etc. water gaging for contrast, totally three process, each process four repetition.Winter wheat plant sample 10-15 strain in each process is got, Non-Structural Carbohydrate content in experimental determination leaf sheath latter stage in heading.Result shows, and use fulvic acid and can significantly improve winter wheat Non-Structural Carbohydrate accumulation in flowering stage, and effect is better than using abscisic acid and water;
Fig. 2 is Winter Wheat during Grain Filling Stage assimilation substance rate of transform comparison diagram
Early filling stage that Fig. 2 is shown in select different plot winter wheat use respectively fulvic acid, abscisic acid and etc. water gaging for contrast, totally three process, each process four repetition.Get winter wheat plant sample 10-15 strain in each process latter stage respectively at heading latter stage and grouting, in experimental determination leaf sheath after Non-Structural Carbohydrate content, calculate the assimilation substance rate of transform.Result shows, and uses abscisic acid effect be better than using fulvic acid at the Grain Filling Characters of Winter Wheat initial stage.
Fig. 3 is winter wheat yields and harvest index comparison diagram.
Select shown in Fig. 3 different plot winter wheat only to use fulvic acid at seeding stage, heading stage and Early filling stage, use abscisic acid and antitranspirant of the present invention combinationally uses method, totally three process, each process four repetition.Output and harvest index is measured when winter wheat is gathered in the crops.Result shows, and antitranspirant of the present invention combinationally uses method can significantly improve winter wheat yields and harvest index, and effect is better than single administration fulvic acid and abscisic acid.Note: * represents and processes significant difference (P<0.05) compared with the control, and * * represents and processes compared with the control that difference is extremely significantly (P<0.01).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described further.
The anti-rising method for increasing of a kind of winter wheat drought resisting, its feature comprises the steps:
A, winter wheat adopt four equal narrow rows apart from 15cm, and add the pattern sowing of 1 wide line-spacing 20cm, thickness of sowing is 300/m
2, paste stubble after being applicable to Mai Long interplanting or wheat live.
The present invention selects winter wheat " four close one rare " plantation form, is the renewal to row plantations such as the narrow distances of wheat, on average increases winter wheat mu spike number 30,000, is not accommodating doubtful to raising wheat yield; But because line-spacing is closeer, every mu increases by 23.6% irrigation water capacity, is unfavorable for alleviating agricultural water pressure.The present invention is by seeding method, and the combination that irrigation method and antitranspirant spray, solves the shortcoming that wheat dense planting irrigation requirement is larger to a certain extent.
B, to water 54m in the winter wheat shooting stage
3/ mu, other breeding times no longer separately water, and fertilizing amount and local peasant household are consistent, and namely apply fertilizer to the subsoil diammonium hydrogen phosphate 70 pounds/acre, 30 pounds/acre, urea.Containing N16% in described diammonium hydrogen phosphate, containing P
2o
546%, containing N≤46.4% in urea.
C, at winter wheat foliage-spray at heading stage fulvic acid, extension rate: be 8% commodity fulvic acid be 1: 1000 with water quality ratio, field amount of application is 6.7L/ mu;
D, Grain Filling Characters of Winter Wheat initial stage foliage-spray abscisic acid, extension rate: the commodity abscisic acid of 90% and the mass ratio of water are 1: 30000, and field amount of application is 6.7L/ mu.
Above-mentioned steps C sprays when fulvic acid or step D spray abscisic acid and selects the fine day calm dusk, need respray one time if spray to meet to drench with rain for latter 6 hours.
Effect of the present invention illustrates:
1, to spray the impact on seeding stage, heading stage and Early filling stage winter wheat activities of antioxidant enzymes of fulvic acid and abscisic acid as shown in table 1 in combination.
Table 1
Note: * represents and processes significant difference (P<0.05) compared with the control, and * * represents and processes compared with the control that difference is extremely significantly (P<0.01).
Antioxidase (SOD, POD) is one of key enzyme of defence oxygen radical injury in plant body, and two kinds of Enzyme activities can reflect the drought-resistant ability of Wheat Leaves development condition and plant.As shown in table 1, the seeding stage sprays fulvic acid and abscisic acid compared with the control, all can significantly improve SOD and POD enzymic activity in Wheat Leaves; It is more obvious for the raising effect of activities of antioxidant enzymes in winter wheat body that shooting stage sprays fulvic acid; It is more obvious for the effect improving Drought Resistance In Winter Wheat that Early filling stage sprays abscisic acid.
Result of the test shows, and spraying fulvic acid and abscisic acid all has remarkable facilitation for the raising of winter wheat activities of antioxidant enzymes, but two kinds of antitranspirant action effects are because of difference breeding time difference to some extent.Seeding stage sprays fulvic acid and abscisic acid all has facilitation for winter wheat resistance, but does not have significant difference each other; Shooting stage sprays fulvic acid and Early filling stage, and to spray abscisic acid then more obvious to the facilitation of activities of antioxidant enzymes, is significantly higher than the action effect of another antitranspirant of contemporaneity.
2, fulvic acid and abscisic acid are on the impact of winter wheat Non-Structural Carbohydrate in flowering stage.
Vegetative growth phase winter wheat stem stalk and leaf sheath storage assimilation substance in, can to transport and the part be stored in seed is called as Non-Structural Carbohydrate (NSC), as shown in Figure 1, heading stage fulvic acid and abscisic acid are sprayed respectively to the plant leaf under drought stress winter wheat, find that fulvic acid can significantly improve winter wheat NSC and accumulate by sampling and measuring in flowering stage, this phenomenon is relevant like properties with its auxins; Compared with the control, abscisic acid then has no significant effect winter wheat NSC content, and even NSC slightly reduces.Therefore, fulvic acid Be very effective in promotion winter wheat accumulation of assimilation.
3, fulvic acid and abscisic acid are on the impact of the Winter Wheat during Grain Filling Stage assimilation substance rate of transform.
Research shows, higher output and higher water use efficiency are normally because the result of assimilation substance rate of transform raising, as shown in Figure 2, abscisic acid is used and fulvic acid all can improve the winter wheat seed assimilation substance rate of transform at Early filling stage, and significant difference compared with the control, but abscisic acid process is higher by 11.3% than the fulvic acid process rate of transform.Therefore, abscisic acid effect in promotion Grain Filling Characters of Winter Wheat is comparatively remarkable.
4, antitranspirant combinationally uses method and compares with single administration abscisic acid or fulvic acid.
Spray fulvic acid and promote accumulation of assimilation (Fig. 1) in vegetative growth phase, spray abscisic acid and improve assimilation substance in the watery stage to the rate of transform in seed (Fig. 2), therefore single administration fulvic acid and abscisic acid all can improve winter wheat yields and harvest index, because the present invention's combination sprays the mutual supplement with each other's advantages achieving two kinds of antitranspirants, under the prerequisite increasing assimilation substance total amount, improve the assimilation substance rate of transform in seed, therefore combating drought and raising yields effect significantly (Fig. 3).
Claims (4)
1. the anti-rising method for increasing of winter wheat drought resisting, its feature comprises the steps:
A, winter wheat adopt four equal narrow rows apart from 15cm, and add the pattern sowing of 1 wide line-spacing 20cm, thickness of sowing is 300/m
2;
B, to water 54m in the winter wheat shooting stage
3/ mu, other breeding times no longer separately water, and fertilizing amount and local peasant household are consistent, and namely apply fertilizer to the subsoil diammonium hydrogen phosphate 70 pounds/acre, 30 pounds/acre, urea;
C, at winter wheat foliage-spray at heading stage fulvic acid, extension rate: 8% commodity fulvic acid is 1: 1000 with water quality ratio, field amount of application is 6.7L/ mu;
D, Grain Filling Characters of Winter Wheat initial stage foliage-spray abscisic acid, extension rate: the commodity abscisic acid of 90% and the mass ratio of water are 1: 30000, and field amount of application is 6.7L/ mu.
2. the anti-rising method for increasing of winter wheat drought resisting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it is live that the seeding method described in steps A pastes stubble after being applicable to Mai Long interplanting or wheat.
3. the anti-rising method for increasing of winter wheat drought resisting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: containing N 16% in the diammonium hydrogen phosphate described in step B, containing P
2o
546%, containing N≤46.4% in urea.
4. the anti-rising method for increasing of winter wheat drought resisting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step C sprays when fulvic acid or step D spray abscisic acid and selects the fine day calm dusk, need respray one time if spray to meet to drench with rain for latter 6 hours.
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| CN201310697363.0A CN103688723B (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2013-12-17 | Winter wheat drought-resisting transpiration-resisting yield increasing method |
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| CN104115662B (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2015-12-09 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | The light simple cultivation method of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency |
| CN105815062A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-08-03 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Method for improving drought resistance of bermudagrass turfgrass, rice and arabidopsis thaliana through spraying treatment |
| CN106034588A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-26 | 安徽省丰蓼农业开发有限公司 | Winter wheat cultivation method |
| CN113197034A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-03 | 河南农业大学 | Application of fulvic acid in improving benefits of planting crops in soils with different textures |
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