CN103688723A - Winter wheat drought-resisting transpiration-resisting yield increasing method - Google Patents
Winter wheat drought-resisting transpiration-resisting yield increasing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种冬小麦抗旱抗蒸腾增产方法，包括如下步骤：A、冬小麦采用四个相等窄行距15cm,加1个宽行距20cm的模式播种，播种密度为300粒/m2；B、在冬小麦拔节期浇54m3/亩水，其他生育期不再另浇水，施肥量与当地农户保持一致，即施底肥磷酸氢二铵70斤/亩，尿素30斤/亩。C、在冬小麦抽穗期叶面喷施黄腐酸，稀释倍数：8%商品黄腐酸与水质量比为1∶1000，田间施用量为6.7L/亩；D、冬小麦灌浆初期叶面喷施脱落酸，稀释倍数：90%的商品脱落酸与水的质量比为1∶30000，田间施用量为6.7L/亩。本发明选择冬小麦“四密一稀”种植形式，通过播种方式，灌溉方式与抗蒸腾剂喷施的结合，一定程度上解决了小麦密植灌溉需水量较大的缺点。
The present invention relates to a kind of winter wheat anti-drought anti-transpiration increase method, comprising the following steps: A, winter wheat adopts four equal narrow row spacings of 15cm, plus one wide row spacing of 20cm for planting, and the sowing density is 300 grains/m 2 ; B, in winter wheat Water 54m 3 /mu at the jointing stage, no additional watering at other growth stages, and the amount of fertilizer applied is consistent with that of local farmers, that is, 70 kg/mu of diammonium hydrogen phosphate as base fertilizer and 30 kg/mu of urea. C. Foliar spraying of fulvic acid at the heading stage of winter wheat, dilution factor: 8% commercial fulvic acid and water mass ratio of 1:1000, field application rate of 6.7L/mu; D, Spraying of foliage of winter wheat at the initial filling stage Abscisic acid, dilution factor: the mass ratio of 90% commercial abscisic acid to water is 1:30000, and the field application rate is 6.7L/mu. The present invention selects the planting form of "four dense and one thin" winter wheat, and through the combination of sowing mode, irrigation mode and anti-transpiration agent spraying, solves the shortcoming of high water demand for dense irrigation of wheat to a certain extent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the anti-rising method for increasing of a kind of winter wheat drought resisting, belong to agricultural planting technique field.
Background technology
Along with shortage of water resources problem is day by day serious, arid becomes one of key constraints of increases in grain production.In agricultural production, lack of water can cause winter wheat yields to reduce and quality declines.For example, arid occurs in front and back in flowering stage (bloom front 20-30 days or spend latter 10 days) meeting reduction Spike Grain Number of Winter Wheat and grain weighs.The main cause that causes the underproduction is that winter wheat comparatively general reaction under drought stress is to reduce transpiration water consumption by closed pore, but stomatal closure has limited CO simultaneously
2fix and photosynthetic process.Therefore increasing researcher starts to close the effect that injecting hole is adjusted in the luxurious transpiration of balance and carbon assimilation aspect, wishes to find feasible method to improve winter wheat drought-resistant ability and water use efficiency.Wherein, spraying antitranspirant prevention winter wheat surface moisture lost is a kind of comparatively effectively solution, has easy and simple to handle and feature instant effect.Studies show that, multiple field crop is sprayed to antitranspirant and can improve its leaf water potential, survival rate of plant and output.
In antitranspirant field, what research emphasis mostly concentrated on new varieties research and development and had the kind scope of application, dosage further gropes aspect, although being conducive to new product, this research mode proceeds to sooner production application, the research of the occupation mode of forming a complete and comprehensive system for collecting real estate fees between the different antitranspirant products of shorter mention.There are difference and each tool advantage antitranspirant product the stressing in mechanism of action, effect of releasing in recent years more.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to inquire into a kind of comprising from winter wheat sowing, irrigation and different vegetative stage are used in combination the integrated approach of antitranspirant, foundation comprises the method that is used in combination and the index system of multiple antitranspirant product, for winter wheat, at different bearing stage characteristic, spray dissimilar and antitranspirant concentration, to improve water use efficiency, reach combating drought and raising yields object.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that the anti-rising method for increasing of this winter wheat drought resisting, comprises the steps:
A, winter wheat adopt four equal narrow rows apart from 15cm, add the pattern sowing of 1 wide line-spacing 20cm, and thickness of sowing is 300/m
2;
B, at the winter wheat shooting stage 54m that waters
3/ mu, no longer separately water other breeding times, and fertilizing amount and local peasant household are consistent, 70 pounds/acre of the diammonium hydrogen phosphates of applying fertilizer to the subsoil, 30 pounds/acre, urea.
C, at winter wheat foliage-spray at heading stage fulvic acid, extension rate: 8% commodity fulvic acid is 1: 1000 with water quality ratio, and field amount of application is 6.7L/ mu;
D, Grain Filling Characters of Winter Wheat initial stage foliage-spray abscisic acid, extension rate: 90% commodity abscisic acid and the mass ratio of water are 1: 30000, and field amount of application is 6.7L/ mu.
After seeding method in the anti-rising method for increasing of described winter wheat drought resisting described in steps A is applicable to Mai Long interplanting or wheat, subsides stubble is live.
In diammonium hydrogen phosphate in the anti-rising method for increasing of described winter wheat drought resisting described in step B, containing N16%, contain P
2o
546%, in urea, contain N≤46.4%.
In the anti-rising method for increasing of described winter wheat drought resisting, step C sprays when fulvic acid or step D spray abscisic acid and selects the calm dusk of fine day, if spray to meet to drench with rain for latter 6 hours, need respray one time.
Abscisic acid is as plant endogenous hormones, can cause a series of physiological reactions of resisting drought stress, can also promote starch and polysaccharose substance synthetic, test confirms that under drought condition, spraying abscisic acid can promote plant under ground portion dry-matter accumulation and improve drought resistance in plants; Fulvic acid is as the similar thing of a kind of auximone, can maintain the normal photosynthesis of crop by improving crop activities of antioxidant enzymes, promote plant strain growth, and fulvic acid enters and commercially produces the application stage as a kind of antitranspirant, after Chinese arid and semi-arid area winter wheat is used on a large scale, obtained good combating drought and raising yields effect, cost is also comparatively cheap.The present invention is by having complementary advantages at two kinds of antitranspirants of the different vegetative stages of winter wheat, under the prerequisite of winter wheat " four close one rare " effect of increasing production, solved to a certain extent due to the larger shortcoming of wheat dense planting irrigation requirement guaranteeing, finally reaches combating drought and raising yields.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is winter wheat Non-Structural Carbohydrate at heading stage (NSC) accumulation comparison diagram
Shown in Fig. 1, heading stage select different plot winter wheat use respectively fulvic acid, abscisic acid and etc. water gaging be contrast, totally three processing, each processes four repetitions.In earing, get winter wheat plant sample 10-15 strain in each processing latter stage, Non-Structural Carbohydrate content in experimental determination leaf sheath.Result shows, use fulvic acid and can significantly improve winter wheat Non-Structural Carbohydrate accumulation in flowering stage, and effect is better than using abscisic acid and water;
Fig. 2 is Winter Wheat during Grain Filling Stage assimilation substance rate of transform comparison diagram
Early filling stage that Fig. 2 is shown in select different plot winter wheat use respectively fulvic acid, abscisic acid and etc. water gaging be contrast, totally three processing, each processes four repetitions.Respectively at heading latter stage and grouting, get winter wheat plant sample 10-15 strain in each processing latter stage, in experimental determination leaf sheath, after Non-Structural Carbohydrate content, calculate the assimilation substance rate of transform.Result shows, uses abscisic acid effect be better than using fulvic acid at the Grain Filling Characters of Winter Wheat initial stage.
Fig. 3 is winter wheat yields and harvest index comparison diagram.
Shown in Fig. 3, select different plot winter wheat only to use fulvic acid at seeding stage, heading stage and Early filling stage, use abscisic acid and antitranspirant of the present invention is used in combination method, totally three processing, each processes four repetitions.When gathering in the crops, winter wheat measures output and harvest index.Result demonstration, antitranspirant of the present invention is used in combination method can significantly improve winter wheat yields and harvest index, and effect is better than single administration fulvic acid and abscisic acid.Note: * represents to process significant difference (P<0.05) compared with the control, and * * represents to process compared with the control difference extremely significantly (P<0.01).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described further.
The anti-rising method for increasing of winter wheat drought resisting, its feature comprises the steps:
A, winter wheat adopt four equal narrow rows apart from 15cm, add the pattern sowing of 1 wide line-spacing 20cm, and thickness of sowing is 300/m
2, be applicable to paste stubble after Mai Long interplanting or wheat live.
The present invention selects winter wheat " four close one rare " plantation form, is the renewal to row plantations such as the narrow distances of wheat, on average increases winter wheat mu spike number 30,000, to improving wheat yield, is not accommodating doubtful; But because line-spacing is closeer, every mu increases by 23.6% irrigation water capacity, is unfavorable for alleviating agricultural water pressure.The present invention is by seeding method, and the combination that irrigation method and antitranspirant spray, has solved the larger shortcoming of wheat dense planting irrigation requirement to a certain extent.
B, at the winter wheat shooting stage 54m that waters
3/ mu, no longer separately water other breeding times, and fertilizing amount and local peasant household are consistent, 70 pounds/acre of the diammonium hydrogen phosphates of applying fertilizer to the subsoil, 30 pounds/acre, urea.In described diammonium hydrogen phosphate, containing N16%, contain P
2o
546%, in urea, contain N≤46.4%.
C, at winter wheat foliage-spray at heading stage fulvic acid, extension rate: be that 8% commodity fulvic acid is 1: 1000 with water quality ratio, field amount of application is 6.7L/ mu;
D, Grain Filling Characters of Winter Wheat initial stage foliage-spray abscisic acid, extension rate: 90% commodity abscisic acid and the mass ratio of water are 1: 30000, and field amount of application is 6.7L/ mu.
Above-mentioned steps C sprays when fulvic acid or step D spray abscisic acid and selects the calm dusk of fine day, if spray to meet to drench with rain for latter 6 hours, need respray one time.
Effect explanation of the present invention:
1, combination sprays fulvic acid and abscisic acid is as shown in table 1 on the impact of seeding stage, heading stage and Early filling stage winter wheat activities of antioxidant enzymes.
Table 1
Note: * represents to process significant difference (P<0.05) compared with the control, and * * represents to process compared with the control difference extremely significantly (P<0.01).
Antioxidase (SOD, POD) is one of key enzyme of defence oxygen radical injury in plant body, and two kinds of enzymic activitys change the drought-resistant ability that can reflect Wheat Leaves development condition and plant.As shown in table 1, the seeding stage sprays fulvic acid and abscisic acid compared with the control, all can significantly improve SOD and POD enzymic activity in Wheat Leaves; It is more obvious for the raising effect of activities of antioxidant enzymes in winter wheat body that shooting stage sprays fulvic acid; It is more obvious for the effect that improves Drought Resistance In Winter Wheat that Early filling stage sprays abscisic acid.
Result of the test shows, spraying fulvic acid and abscisic acid all has remarkable facilitation for the raising of winter wheat activities of antioxidant enzymes, but two kinds of antitranspirant action effects are because of difference breeding time difference to some extent.Seeding stage sprays fulvic acid and abscisic acid all has facilitation for winter wheat resistance, but there is no significant difference each other; Shooting stage sprays fulvic acid and Early filling stage, and to spray abscisic acid more obvious to the facilitation of activities of antioxidant enzymes, is significantly higher than the action effect of another antitranspirant of contemporaneity.
2, fulvic acid and the abscisic acid impact on winter wheat Non-Structural Carbohydrate in flowering stage.
Vegetative growth phase, winter wheat stem stalk and leaf sheath were stored in assimilation substance, the part that can transport and be stored in seed is called as Non-Structural Carbohydrate (NSC), as shown in Figure 1, winter wheat, heading stage the plant leaf under drought stress is sprayed respectively to fulvic acid and abscisic acid, by sampling and measuring discovery in flowering stage fulvic acid, can significantly improve winter wheat NSC and accumulate, this phenomenon is relevant like properties with its auxins; Compared with the control, abscisic acid has no significant effect winter wheat NSC content, and even NSC slightly reduces.Therefore, fulvic acid effect aspect promotion winter wheat accumulation of assimilation is remarkable.
3, fulvic acid and the abscisic acid impact on the Winter Wheat during Grain Filling Stage assimilation substance rate of transform.
Research shows, higher output and higher water use efficiency are normally because the result that the assimilation substance rate of transform improves, as shown in Figure 2, at Early filling stage, use abscisic acid and fulvic acid all can improve the winter wheat seed assimilation substance rate of transform, and significant difference, higher by 11.3% than the fulvic acid processing rate of transform but abscisic acid is processed compared with the control.Therefore, abscisic acid effect aspect promotion Grain Filling Characters of Winter Wheat is comparatively remarkable.
4, antitranspirant is used in combination method and single administration abscisic acid or fulvic acid comparison.
Spray fulvic acid and in vegetative growth phase, promote accumulation of assimilation (Fig. 1), spray abscisic acid and improve in the watery stage assimilation substance to the rate of transform (Fig. 2) in seed, therefore single administration fulvic acid and abscisic acid all can improve winter wheat yields and harvest index, because the present invention's combination sprays the mutual supplement with each other's advantages that has realized two kinds of antitranspirants, the assimilation substance rate of transform improved seed under the prerequisite that increases assimilation substance total amount in, so combating drought and raising yields effect significantly (Fig. 3).
Claims (4)
1. the anti-rising method for increasing of winter wheat drought resisting, its feature comprises the steps:
A, winter wheat adopt four equal narrow rows apart from 15cm, add the pattern sowing of 1 wide line-spacing 20cm, and thickness of sowing is 300/m
2;
B, at the winter wheat shooting stage 54m that waters
3/ mu, no longer separately water other breeding times, and fertilizing amount and local peasant household are consistent, 70 pounds/acre of the diammonium hydrogen phosphates of applying fertilizer to the subsoil, 30 pounds/acre, urea.
C, at winter wheat foliage-spray at heading stage fulvic acid, extension rate: 8% commodity fulvic acid is 1: 1000 with water quality ratio, and field amount of application is 6.7L/ mu;
D, Grain Filling Characters of Winter Wheat initial stage foliage-spray abscisic acid, extension rate: 90% commodity abscisic acid and the mass ratio of water are 1: 30000, and field amount of application is 6.7L/ mu.
2. the anti-rising method for increasing of winter wheat drought resisting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after the seeding method described in steps A is applicable to Mai Long interplanting or wheat, subsides stubble is live.
3. the anti-rising method for increasing of winter wheat drought resisting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the diammonium hydrogen phosphate described in step B, containing N16%, contain P
2o
546%, in urea, contain N≤46.4%.
4. the anti-rising method for increasing of winter wheat drought resisting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step C sprays when fulvic acid or step D spray abscisic acid and selects the calm dusk of fine day, if spray to meet to drench with rain for latter 6 hours, need respray one time.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104115662A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-29 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | Method for cultivating dryland wheat simply at high yield and high efficiency |
| CN105815062A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-08-03 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Method for improving drought resistance of bermudagrass turfgrass, rice and arabidopsis thaliana through spraying treatment |
| CN106034588A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-26 | 安徽省丰蓼农业开发有限公司 | Winter wheat cultivation method |
| CN113197034A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-03 | 河南农业大学 | Application of fulvic acid in improving benefits of planting crops in soils with different textures |
| CN116063125A (en) * | 2023-01-13 | 2023-05-05 | 山东中天农作物科学有限公司 | A kind of synthetic method of anti-transpiration agent for agricultural flying |
| CN117796292A (en) * | 2023-12-26 | 2024-04-02 | 四川龙蟒福生科技有限责任公司 | A method and composition for increasing wheat yield |
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| CN102515942A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2012-06-27 | 新疆汇通旱地龙腐植酸有限责任公司 | Antitranspirant, and preparation and application thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104115662A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-29 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | Method for cultivating dryland wheat simply at high yield and high efficiency |
| CN105815062A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-08-03 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Method for improving drought resistance of bermudagrass turfgrass, rice and arabidopsis thaliana through spraying treatment |
| CN106034588A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-26 | 安徽省丰蓼农业开发有限公司 | Winter wheat cultivation method |
| CN113197034A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-03 | 河南农业大学 | Application of fulvic acid in improving benefits of planting crops in soils with different textures |
| CN116063125A (en) * | 2023-01-13 | 2023-05-05 | 山东中天农作物科学有限公司 | A kind of synthetic method of anti-transpiration agent for agricultural flying |
| CN117796292A (en) * | 2023-12-26 | 2024-04-02 | 四川龙蟒福生科技有限责任公司 | A method and composition for increasing wheat yield |
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